Here are my answers to 1-10 for Exercise A. I don’t want to post all 20 in one go as it might put people off commenting. I would be grateful for corrections. ( I am uncertain about the macrons so if we have any experts here on these it would be good to hear from you.)
Particular questions I had are:
is “the enemy” usually singular or plural in Latin. So In 6. is it Ab hoste or hostibus. Does it matter?
is moenia better than mūrī for city walls?
patria seemed to me better than terra but I can see why others think differently. Again does it matter?
The land was ruled by a good king.
Patria ā regē bonō regēbātur.
The soldier was killed by an arrow.
Milēs sagittā occīsus est.
The boy killed the bird with a stone.
Puer avem lapide interfēcit.
The Roman general was defeated by Hannibal.
Dux rōmānus ā Hannibale victus est.
The soldier killed the peasant with a sword.
Milēs gladiō agricolam interfēcit.
We have been conquered by the enemy.
Ab hoste (hostibus) victī sumus.
The walls were defended by the citizens.
Mūrī ā cīvibus defensī sunt. (Moenia ā cīvibus defensa sunt.)
Our city was built by Romulus.
Urbs nostra ā Rōmulō aedificata est.
9.The Romans fortified their city with a wall.
Rōmānī urbem suam mūrō munivērunt. (Rōmānī urbem suam moenibus munivērunt.)
Gaul is separated from Britain by the sea.
Gallia ā Britanniā mari dividitur
If that would be helpful I would happily carry on with this. Of course I will rely on comments from others to make sure we have an accurate set of solutions.
Looking at section 263 of Glildersleeve and Lodge, the usage of the perfect subjunctive negatively seems to be indicated for the second person (not the first or third persons).
Yes it is but if you look at 263 3 the note says the pf is very rare but quotes Tacitus. For a beginner’s exercise it’s best to use the present subjunctive. I think I misread something in another book. Thanks for your help.
Is that really so? I don’t see the long i in the linked dictionary entry. And since vocalis ante vocalem corripitur (with some exceptions), I would expect there to be a good reason for a long vowel here?
Yes it is but if you look at 263 3 the note says the pf is very rare but quotes Tacitus
But the title of 263.3 is “In the Third Person Present (regularly)”. So I took the note referring to Tacitus as applying only to the third person.
Considerations on the usage in the first person plural seem to have been placed only in 263.1, which has no mention at all of a possible use of the perfect subjunctive.
In any case, I agree with you that it does seem extremely unlikely that the perfect subjunctive would have been the expected answer.
It is taking more time for me to check the macrons than to do the exercises so I would be grateful if someone could check them for me. Especially on the previous posts. I will post corrected versions in due course.
Meanwhile here is 1-10 of the next exercise:
Exercise C.
APPOSITION; COMPOSITE SUBJECT.
Romulus, son of Mars, was the first king of the Romans.
Rōmulus, fīlius Martis, rex prīmus Rōmānōrum erat.
Obey the king, the father of his country.
Pārēte rēgī, patrī patriae.
You and your brother will be killed by the enemy.
Tū et fīlius tuus ab hostibus interficiēminī
Caius and I are well.
Cāius et ego valēmus.
The youths were killed by their father, Brutus.
iuvenēs ā patre Brutō interfectī sunt
You and I and our friends will set out.
Tū et ego et amīcī nostrī proficīscēmur.
7.The king and queen are dear to all of the citizens.
Rex et regina cārī omnibus cīvibus sunt.
By good laws Numa, the second king of Rome, benefited his country.
Numa, rex secundus Rōmae, lēgibus bonīs patriae prōfuit.
Both men and women were killed by the soldiers.
Et virī et fēminae ā mīlitibus interfectī sunt.
All of us love life, the greatest gift of the gods.
Omnes vītam, dōna deōrum maxima, amāmus.