I posted previously looking for a key for the English to Greek lesson’s in Pharr’s book, but it looks like nobody has posted their results anywhere. As a result, I am now posting my own results after I went through and reviewed Grammar and tone markings, and hope that some people can check over my results.
The valiant Achaeans are singing the accursed wrath of Achilles.
ἴφθῑμοι Ἀχαιοὶν ἀείουσι οὐλομένην μῆνιν Ἀχιλλῆος.
The wrath of Achilles caused many woes to the Achaeans and sent many valiant souls of heroes to the god Hades.
μῆνις Ἀχιλλῆος ἐτέλεσε μῡρί’ ἄλγε’ Ἀχαιοῖσι καὶ ἔπεμψε πολλὰς ἰφθῑ́μᾱς ψῡχᾱ̀ς ἡρώων θεῷ Ἄϊδι.
We shall make the army of the Achaeans a booty for the dogs and a banquet for the birds.
τεύξομεν στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἑλώριον κυνέσσιν καὶ δαιτὰ οἰωνοῖσι.
We are accomplishing the will of the goddess.
τελείομεν βουλὴν θεᾶς.
The valiant Achaeans are singing the accursed wrath of Achilles.
ἴφθῑμοι Ἀχαιοὶν ἀείουσι οὐλομένην μῆνιν Ἀχιλλῆος.
Nominative pl. Ἀχαιοί doesn’t use a ν-movable. ἀεἰουσι =ἀείδουσι(ν)
I suspect these were just typos.
The wrath of Achilles caused many woes to the Achaeans and sent many valiant souls of heroes to the god Hades.
μῆνις Ἀχιλλῆος ἐτέλεσε μῡρί’ ἄλγε’ Ἀχαιοῖσι καὶ ἔπεμψε πολλὰς ἰφθῑ́μᾱς ψῡχᾱ̀ς ἡρώων θεῷ Ἄϊδι.
In this lesson (XIII), I think Pharr is looking for you to use τίθημι, so here instead of ἐτέλεσε use ἔθηκε and instead of ἔπεμψε you could use προΐαψε. ἴφθιμος is a 2nd decl. adj., where the “masculine” ending -ος, -ου, etc. also is used with feminine nouns.
We shall make the army of the Achaeans a booty for the dogs and a banquet for the birds.
τεύξομεν στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν ἑλώριον κυνέσσιν καὶ δαιτὰ οἰωνοῖσι.
Accents: κύνεσσι(ν), δαῖτα
Review section 561 on use of the nu-movable.
EDIT: A better way of writing ἑλώριον κυνέσσιν καὶ δαιτὰ οἰωνοῖσι would be ἑλώριον κύνεσσιν οἰωνοῖσί τε δαῖτα, as in the poem
Thanks a lot for the help! I’ve been busy with other things lately so I haven’t been going through the exercises lately, although I’ve been keeping up with memorizing vocab, inflection, and the first 21 lines of the Iliad through Anki. I’ll be continuing to slowly work my way through these exercises as well. Just to I have a record of all of the corrected versions of each lesson, I will post the corrected version below:
The son of Atreus, king of the Achaeans, and the divine Achilles enraged the lord, the free-shooter, and he kindled many evil plagues up through the camp of the Achaeans and kept destroying the brave people evilly.
remember: the present stem of άείδω = ἀείδ-, so the form is ἀείδουσι(ν)
Notice how in the poem Homer uses “πολλὰς δ’ ἱφθίμους ψυχὰς” ? When expressing “many+ adjective + things” in Greek, it’s common to use a connective between “many” and the following adjective. In English we’d say “many brave souls”. In Greek, it would be literally “many and brave souls”.
Also , I don’t believe there’s a need to specifiy θεῷ Ἅιδι. The name is enough to tell us that we talking about a god, so just Ἅιδι is sufficient.
I’ll have a look at the Chapter XV exercises a little later today.
I’ll look at these more closely later, but this is what I spotted straight off:
διεστησάτην = 1st aorist dual. Here I believe you want 2nd Aorist dual, which would have more of an intransitive sense, so διεστήτην
Remember who’s the subject of this sentence! Still want to go with ξυνῆκαν?
σθωε= σφωε (typo?)
ἐχολωσέτον ἄνακτον ἑκηβόλον Forgot to cut this? . δέ is postpositive, so it cannot be the first word in the clause. Also, there’s a change of subject here, so think about your verb forms; in this case, ὀλέκω.
EDIT: deleted plural subject. this is incorrect-there’s only one subject, Apollo.
P.S. Pharr suggests only doing 3 of the sentences for classroom work. If I were the instructor, I’d definitely chuck or at least rewrite sentence 4! The change of subject from the Agamemnon-Achilles pair to Apollo is rather abrupt, although the singular verb does indicate that there its subject is a single person.
Remember also that σφωε is an enclitic and in this instance you’ll need to add an acute to ξυνεῆκε, so ξυνεῆκέ σφωε. Check section 559. for the acute required on ultima of word preceding an enclitic.
Oh, so that’s the rule. Now I understand why the beginning of Line 5 is οἰωνοῖσί τε πᾶσι, because of the enclitic in τε. I had been a bit confused by that.
As for your comments, the problem with 2 is that I hadn’t gone back and reviewed the movable nu part well enough, so I thought that all third-person singular could attach the nu, not just those ending with epsilon.
As for the first and second aorist, I have not learned this concept, but will do so now, as my next big push is to master Greek verbs as much as possible.
As for ὀλέκοντο in the last one, I think you are telling me this is wrong, so I will go back and review it in a second, as I am about to do the lessons 20 and 21 on participles. If you could tell me a bit more of how it’s wrong, that might help me in preparing for these lessons.
I change the postpositive δέ to a καὶ instead, I hope that this is okay. I assume that if I wanted to stick with the δέ, I should just stick it behind the ὦρσε.
I also caught a mistake I made myself - λᾱόν should be the final word of 4, as there should be no grave accent on the last word.
Sorry, I should have been more explicit-what I was getting at was that the subject is singular and its verb should be in the 3rd person singular, but I see now that the issue is not subject - verb agreement, but forms. If you look back in the vocabulary for Lesson XV, you’ll see that ξυνίημι is footnoted and the note takes you back to Lesson XIII and the note at the bottom of page 21. The note discusses the aorist tense ending of ἵημι and points you to sections of 841-843 in the Grammar section. Bottom line: the form should be ξυνῆκε(ν) or ξυνέηκε, not ξυνῆκα (this is 1st pers. sing.) The personal endings are still the same , even though the tense stem is -κα instead of -σα. As to the nu-movable, we can talk about it after you’ve done your review.
This is a case where you’ve only seen one form of ὁλέκω -ὀλέκοντο ( an unaugmented imperfect 3rd person plural passive in line 10), but it’s just a standard -ω verb, for which you learned the active endings for the pres., imperfect, future, and aorist. So, to condense this sentence a bit, “Apollo kept destroying the people”, the verb “kept destroying” tells us that he was performing a continuous action in the past, so we’d use the imperfect, in this case agreeing with a singular subject. We need to supply the 3rd person singular imperfect form of ὁλέκω, which we learned in Lesson IX.
Good catch! And you’re absolutely right-before punctuation marks, the grave always changes to the acute.
You’re doing great! My only suggestion would be to read the “fine print” and there’s a lot of it in Greek!
Sorry I didn’t catch this before:
ἐχολωσέτον - this is not the 3rd pers. dual aorist active of χολόω (but very close!). Also, since the accent is regressive in verbs, where should it be placed in the correct form of the verb?
ἄνακτον - In lesson XV, check section 78. This is not the accusative singular of ἄναξ.
You’re right about both of those, I’ll have to be more careful next time! I still occasionally slip up and accidentally slip the occasional ον into 3rd declension or ες into 2nd declension, or forget that first declension accusative plural has a long alpha, etc., but it’s mostly just misapplication that will sort itself out as I continue to practice.
As for the next lessons, I’m currently working a few lessons ahead of exercise 15, as I’m trying to go through all of the lessons on learning verb forms for λύω (up to lesson 27), and I’m currently learning active participle forms at around 20. Once I finish studying the final tenses, as well as optative, imperative, and passive, I’ll circle back and use the English to Greek lessons as review to make sure I’ve been keeping up with the concepts, so I imagine I’ll get to that in a few weeks. Thanks for all the help so far!
A few weeks ended up being nearly three months, but I finished the grammar and vocabulary lessons all the way through Lesson 27, I’m finally circling back and doing these exercises! I feel pretty good that I now have all of the forms of all the noun declensions and conjugations of λύω down. The big things to learn next will be irregular and third-declension adjectives, personal pronouns, forms of regular -μι verbs as well as “to be,” comparatives and superlatives, as well as mastering my remaining common adverbs and prepositions. I feel like I’m getting pretty far in that journey! But for now, I feel like I want to go back and make sure I master some more of the previous exercises.
My first one that I just completed and proofread was that of English → Greek, Lesson 16:
I tried reviewing the rules behind movable nu, enclitics, and proclitics, so hopefully I got those all right. My understanding is that λίσσομαι is conjugated in the medio-passive form, even in the present, so hopefully I got that part right for questions 4 and 5. As for how to translate the word “ransom,” I thought it was supposed to be λύω in the context of question 2.
Chryses, the prist of Apollo, is dishonored by (dative) the son of Atreus.
Χρῡ́σης ᾱ̓ρητὴρ Ἀπόλλωνος ἠτῑμάσεται Ἀτρεΐδῃ.
The Achaeans will go from (their) swift ships to Troy and randsom the beloved daughter of the priest.
Ἀχαιοὶ βήσουσι ἐκ θοᾱ́ων νηῶν εἰς Ἴλιον καὶ λῡ́σουσι φίλην θυγάτρα ᾱ̓ρητῆρος.
We shall bring many ransoms and shall hold in (our) hands the fillets of Apollo.
Οἴσομεν πολλὰ ἄποινα καὶ ἔξομεν ἐν χερσὶν στέματτ’ Ἀπόλλωνος.
We do not have a golden scepter, but we entreat Priam and all the people of Troy.
Οὐξ ἔχω σκῆπτρον χρῡ́σεον, ἀλλά λισσόμεθα Πρίαμον τε λᾱὸν Ἰλίονου.
The two sons of Atreus, marshallers of the people(s), are entreating Priam, but he will slight them.
Ἀτρεΐδᾱ, κοσμήτορε λᾱ́ων, λίσσεσθον Πρίαμον, ἀλλὰ ἀτῑμάσει σφωιν.
The son of Atreus, king of men, slighted the priest and did not release (his) daughter.
Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν ἠτῑμασεν ᾱ̓ρητήρα καὶ οὐξ ἔλῡσε θυγάτρα.
There may be more, but this is what I found for now:
Chryses, the prist of Apollo, is dishonored by (dative) the son of Atreus.
Χρῡ́σης ᾱ̓ρητὴρ Ἀπόλλωνος ἠτῑμάσεται Ἀτρεΐδῃ.
ἠτῑμάσεται > ἀτιμάζεται (pres. tense)
The Achaeans will go from (their) swift ships to Troy and randsom the beloved daughter of the priest.
Ἀχαιοὶ βήσουσι ἐκ θοᾱ́ων νηῶν εἰς Ἴλιον καὶ λύσουσι φίλην θυγάτρα ᾱ̓ρητῆρος.
βήσουσι > βἠσονται or better ἀποβήσονται or ἀπελεύσονται. βαίνω is transitive in the active voice (= cause to go)
We shall bring many ransoms and shall hold in (our) hands the fillets of Apollo.
Οἴσομεν πολλὰ ἄποινα καὶ ἔξομεν ἐν χερσὶν στέματτ’ Ἀπόλλωνος.
στέματτ’ > στέμματ’
We do not have a golden scepter, but we entreat Priam and all the people of Troy.
Οὐξ ἔχω σκῆπτρον χρῡ́σεον, ἀλλά λισσόμεθα Πρίαμον τε λᾱὸν Ἰλίονου.
Οὐξ ἔχω > οὐκ ἔχομεν, τε > καὶ, Ἰλίονου > Ἰλίου, remember to translate “all the people”
The two sons of Atreus, marshallers of the people(s), are entreating Priam, but he will slight them.
Ἀτρεΐδᾱ, κοσμήτορε λᾱ́ων, λίσσεσθον Πρίαμον, ἀλλὰ ἀτῑμάσει σφωιν.
σφωιν > σφᾶς. In sentence 1, the passive of ἀτιμάζω (ἀτιμάζεται) is used with a dative of agent. (In Attic, this is done with the preposition ὑπό and the genitive) In this sentence, the active verb takes a direct object, hence the accusative.
The son of Atreus, king of men, slighted the priest and did not release (his) daughter.
Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν ἠτῑμασεν ᾱ̓ρητήρα καὶ οὐξ ἔλῡσε θυγάτρα.
no need for τε. οὐ before consonants , οὐκ before smooth breathing , οὐχ before rough breathing. θυγάτρα > θύγατρα or θυγατέρα
All in all not bad! Please note that when you transition to Attic, you’ll need to think more about word order.
As always, I appreciate the quick reply! I ended up taking a few weeks off as life intervened, but now I’m back and hoping to plow through some more exercises. I went ahead and corrected everything from 16.
The gods who have Olympian homes will grant to the sons of Atreus and to the other well-greaved Achaeans to sack utterly the city of Priam
θεοί ἔχοντες Ὀλύμπια δώματα δώσουσι Ἀτρεΐδῃσι καὶ ἄλλοῖσι ἐϋκνημῑδεσσι Ἀχαιοῖσι ἐκπέρσαι πόλιν Πριάμου. (not sure if dative is correct here).
When they sacked the city of Priam, they returned happily home.
Ὄτε ἐξέπερσαν πόλιν Πριάμου, τότε εὖ οἶκαδ’ ῑ̔́κοντο.
They accepted the shining ransoms and freed the darling daughter of the priest Chryses.
Ἐδέξαντο ἀγλαὰ ἄποινα καὶ ἔλῡσαν φίλην θύγατρα ᾱ̓ρητῆρος Χρῡ́σου.
We reverenced the free-shooter Apollo, son of Leto and Zeus, and escaped death.
Hἰδεσάμεθα ἑκηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα Λητοῦς και Διὸς υἱός, καὶ ἐφύγομεν θάνατον. (I felt weird using the verb ᾐδεσάμεθα as it wasn’t introduced in this chapter, but the verb meaning to reverence in this chapter doesn’t have an aorist form. Also, I hope I typed it correctly here with the capital eta, wasn’t sure what to do with the iota subscript and the breath marker, but I thought this would be correct).
Will the son of Atreus accept the shining ransoms?
Ἀτρεΐδης δέξεται ἀγαλὰ ἄποινα;
The child of the priest was freed, when he gave many shining ransoms, which the two sons of Atreus accepted.
Παῖς ᾱ̓ρητῆρος ἔλυε, ἐπεί ἔδωκε πολλὰ ἀγλαὰ ἄποινα, τὰ Ἀτρεΐδᾱ ἐδεξάσθην. (we haven’t seen ἐπεί yet, but I wasn’t sure how else to do this one).
Just a couple of quick corrections from Lesson XVI:
Χρῡ́σης ᾱ̓ρητὴρ Ἀπόλλωνος ἀτῑμάσεται Ἀτρεΐδῃ.
ἀτῑμάσεται should be present tense, so ἀτιμάζεται.
Ἀχαιοὶ ἀποβήσονται ἐκ θοᾱ́ων νηῶν εἰς Ἴλιον καὶ λῡ́σουσι φίλην θυγάτρα ᾱ̓ρητῆρος.
θυγάτρα should be θύγατρα, or θυγατέρα. I know you know this because you have it correct everywhere else! I forgot to point it out as well when I responded the last time.
Now on to XVII:
The gods who have Olympian homes will grant to the sons of Atreus and to the other well-greaved Achaeans to sack utterly the city of Priam
θεοί ἔχοντες Ὀλύμπια δώματα δώσουσι Ἀτρεΐδῃσι καὶ ἄλλοῖσι ἐϋκνημῑδεσσι Ἀχαιοῖσι ἐκπέρσαι πόλιν Πριάμου. (not sure if dative is correct here).
ἄλλοῖσι should be corrected to ἄλλοισι. No need for the perispomene. ἄλλος is declined like φίλος. Dative is exactly what’s required here, Ἀτρεΐδῃσι καὶ ἄλλοισι ἐϋκνημῑδεσσι Ἀχαιοῖσι are the indirect objects of δώσουσι.
We reverenced the free-shooter Apollo, son of Leto and Zeus, and escaped death.
Hἰδεσάμεθα ἑκηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα Λητοῦς και Διὸς υἱός, καὶ ἐφύγομεν θάνατον.
υἱός needs to agree with ἑκηβόλον Ἀπόλλωνα. I suspect this was just an oversight. I think you could get away with the imperfect of ἅζομαι> ἁζόμεθα, as I would consider reverencing more as a state, rather than an event. Look at sentence 2 in the Greek-English exercises. For the aorist, you would have to use another verb, just as you did. You’ll get to αἰδέομαι in Lesson XIX.
ἀγαλα > ἀγλαά
The child of the priest was freed, when he gave many shining ransoms, which the two sons of Atreus accepted.
Παῖς ᾱ̓ρητῆρος ἔλυε, ἐπεί ἔδωκε πολλὰ ἀγλαὰ ἄποινα, τὰ Ἀτρεΐδᾱ ἐδεξάσθην.
‘was freed’ should be aorist passive, ἐλύθη, but that’s not covered until Lesson XXVII, so I guess Pharr is looking for ἐλύσατο.
Up to this point the only word for “when” that you’ve seen is ὅτε, which works just fine here.
I’d be fine with uploading the final versions to the key! That being said, I’m not as confident that I’m producing entirely correct answers, so I’ll let Aetos say what he thinks.
As for the imperfect of ἅζομαι, would the 1st person sing. of ἅζομαι be ἥζομην, and thus the 1st person plural be ἥζομεθα? I don’t know if the augment rules are universal in Homeric Greek or not that α becomes η.
We have freed the beloved daughter of the priest, because we reverence the free-shooter Apollo.
λελύκaμεν φίλην θύγατρα ᾱ̓ρητῆρος, οὕνεκα ἁζόμεθα ἑκηβόλον Ἀπόλλωονα.
All the Achaeans have gone from the assembly to the hollow ships.
πάντες Ἀχαιοὶ βεβάᾱσι ἐκ βουλὴ ἐἰς νῆας κοίλούς.
The priest burned many thigh-pieces of bullls and of goats to the gods who had Olympian homes.
ᾱ̓ρητὴρ ἔκηε πολλὰ μηρία ταύρων τὲ αἰγῶν θεοῖσι ἐχόντῃσι δώματ’ Ὀλύμπια.
That old man has died in our home.
ὁ γέρων τέθνηκε ἐν ἡμέτερῳ δώματι.
The swift-footed Achilles has gone.
ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεὺς βέβηκε.
The old man has not persuaded the mind of the son of Atreus.
γέρων οὐ πέποιθε θῡμὸν Ἀτρεΐδης.
Apollo had loved the beautiful goddess of the sea.
Ἀπόλλων πεφίληκε καλὴν θεᾱ̀ν θαλάσσης.
Shall we flee with swift feet into the city of Priam?
φευξομεθα ὠκεῖ ποδὶ εἰς πόλιν Πρίαμου;
I’d love to help, Roberto. I have my answers to all the English-Greek exercises (which go to Lesson LII) in a Word document. Helping Euchnemide Achaio has given me an opportunity to review those exercises and recheck my own work, so at this point we should be able to update the key at least to Lesson XVII with a fair degree of confidence. I’m a bit busy right now with hosting the holiday festivities, but I should be able to devote time to the project thereafter.
. δέ is postpositive, so it cannot be the first word in the clause. Also, there’s a change of subject here, so think about your verb forms; in this case, ὀλέκω.