The Lingua Latina board

The reason for the jokes and mockery is that a certain member

I’m really beginning to weary of this anonymous “certain member” business. I’ve already freely admitted to my excessive publication of the series, and laughed about it openly. You know who I am. Call me by my name.

a certain member of the board has attempted to defame other proven reliable methods for learning Latin and then conveniently suggested Lingua Latina as the solution.

You make it sound like I’m one of the coniurati. That I “conveniently” offer Lingua Latina as the “solution” suggests that I’m trying to dupe people into something. If you read my numerous posts of this nature (repetative as they are altogether), it will be seen that I honestly express my displeasure with the book Wheelock (a sentiment in which I am not alone), and say how Lingua Latina opened every door for me.

Your vaguery about which text I’ve “attempted to defame” is also peculiar. I’ve verly openly made known my discontent with Wheelock, and rejected it on the basis that it teaches naught more than how to translate the Sententiae in the back. That it does not teach a tangibile, or even pleasant Latin. As far as regards its limitations, with me, Benissime, you have already agreed, while maintaining nevertheless that the text has merits for beginners. Esto.

Naturally, those who use the grammatical approach are offended by his claims that it is the inferior method.

“Grammatical approach” is a very poor term, for a number of reasons. Most explicitly, the approach of Wheelock and its kin, as with virtually every Latin text conceived for centuries, is the approach of teaching Latin by means of another language. That is, Wheelock’s English version teaches Latin in English. And a German version in German, and an Italian one in Italian. Makes perfect sense. That’s why teaching a language only in that language is a revolutionary concept, one not alien at all to the modern languages.

“Grammatical approach” also would seem to indicate that Lingua Latina does not teach grammar. How absurd a concept. It’s impossible to teach a language without teaching grammar. The difference between Lingua Latina and Wheelock is merely that Lingua Latina teaches grammar by example, in context, the same way that I’ve learned to write these English words and use English grammar to form their syntax by repeating my parents and books and all other voices I’ve heard or read in my life. Wheelock teaches, if by example, out of context (relative to LL at least). And also, Lingua Latina lacks unnecessary terminology, invented by grammarians for the inanest of purposes, hardly necessary for utilizing the meat of the language. Until a few weeks ago, I never knew the term for an “ablative absolute,” even though I’d been using it correctly (to say nothing of understanding) for months. Grammatical terminology is effective for understanding the inner complexities of a tongue at a much more advanced level, but for it to be employed at the earliest stages is a horrifically bad idea. We wonder why the classics seem to die.

So, in short, the best way to describe the Wheelock et al. method would be the ‘mother-tongue-first approach’. The approach of ‘Lingua Latina’ is eponymic.

More importantly, he has also attempted to convert new posters to Lingua Latina when all they were doing was asking for help on some Latin questions. I am not alone in believing that this is beyond mere endorsement, and virtually identical to advertising, and it is annoying. I mean, just look at the first page of this thread if you don’t know what I am talking about. He’s a new student, in a class, he’s learning, but he asks for help and then gets recommended a new book? That is not what he asked for and not what he needed either, and I see this is as an abuse of the authority that comes with knowing more about a field than someone who is just starting.

Such extremes! Heavens. All right, first of all, at that time I had so very little time to frequent the boards, and I am always excited to present Lingua Latina to someone new, for the explicit reason that I merely want him to learn Latin. I knew the others would have much more time and far greater descriptive capacity to help the student than I, and moreover, my mind was functioning in the mode of “give a man a fish, he’ll eat for a day; teach a man to fish, and he’ll eat for a lifetime.” In my devoutest opinion, I couldn’t believe that to be truer. And more than that, Amans had already responded in full to the student; any addition on my part directly related to his questions would have been a waste of his time. And more than that, he already had Lingua Latina, and I offered some of my personal experience in order to help him along. You indeed chose an optimum example, Benssime, to reveal my true intentions. And not to quibble over disrespect, but exactly what was your contribution to this student’s learning process? A witty remark in Latin at my expense?

“Abuse of authority”? What authority have I been given? What authority that this new student knew of? I’m just another member offering a helpful link, with a minumum of pedantic instruction. And this after he’d already been helped in direct reference to his question by another. He doesn’t have to read, and he doesn’t have to respond. This is a free society, and a free forum.


Now, as to the matter at hand: I stand accused of attempting to convert, even corrupt our society’s youth. I am certainly no Socrates, but in our didactic sense as Latin teachers and learners, Hans Ørberg certainly qualifies. Nevertheless, it seems I am coming to resemble the ugly Athenian in many respects: I am “annoying.” I criticize the “reliable methods” of the past. Actually, in most respects I’m considerably less annoying and critical than our protean Philosopher. Nor am I a sage in any respect.

What I am is this: passionate. I am incredibly passionate about the Latin language. A phrase so utterly laughable, even to the most diehard among us it causes to crack a smile. And for good reason. I am crazy. Working every single day all summer, I litterally wrote out every single chapter of the first volume of Lingua Latina, and have it even now in my computer, in order to do a year’s worth of study in only three months. I have gone to extraordinary efforts to seek out groups and individuals who speak Latin, from Vatican priests to Milanese architects, and I have come to succeed in my quest, whose end I do not yet know. I desire ardently to speak Latin and utilize it in every living way possible. And why would I want to do such a thing? I want to see Latin live. I want to hear Latin spoken and to read it written, awaken the living culture whose tongue remains nearly mute for generations, yet whose impact affects us all profoundly every single day. I want the wisdom of the ages to reinvigorate our minds and broaden our humanity as much as possible. Latin is the key to understanding our society, our language, our architecture, our heritage, our very names. Latin is the key to unlocking the superficial exterior of modern existence to reveal the infinitely rich foundations upon which we walk, as litterally as the fancy Florentines in the piazza who walk over Medieval ruins that lay upon Imperial ruins which cover Republican ruins which stand upon Etruscan ruins.

And the key to Latin, I believe better than any other, is Lingua Latina. Neither its method, nor that of Dowling, may be perfect, or even apt for everyone. But its even less likely that the monoscopic “traditional” methods are so universally applicable.

I thought this was a free forum. Do you want to silence me for being annoying? If you’re going to suggest such a thing, at least refer to me by my name, instead of a pronoun. Even Episcopus, in all his own annoying, that is, entertaining idiosyncrasies, has the courtesy to do that.

Perhaps indeed for my crimes, which I couldn’t intend more facetiously, the Democracy and the Council will serve up to me the hemlock. In the meantime I will continue to speak my mind, freely, and respect the liberty and the peace of our pleasant forum without being accused, without being harrassed, and without being mocked.

so many words spent on so trite a topic! that Hans seems Socratic to you sounds alarming to me, but i have learnt to embrace these quirks of your judgment. as to the originality of the great man’s method, i think this can only be granted if one ignores the history of the subject. messrs Rouse, Appleton and Owen devoted decades at the inception of the 20th century to the teaching of Latin by the Direct Method, conducting whole classes (ab initio) and publishing whole text books in Latin alone. they even founded a journal to defend their radical approach, much maligned as it was by the British Classical climate. the results were however always the same (pace docentium): it allowed the best students, who could learn Latin in whatever language it be taught to them, to thrive in the rich milieux of pervasive Latinity; those who would naturally struggle to learn Latin found themselves out of the depth with little hope of salvation.
thus all of this talk about matters of teaching Latin is, to me at any rate, a little perplexing. the Classical languages require one thing ineluctably and that is the strong will of the learner to acquire them. the resources are everywhere around us: textkit is the paramount online embodiment of this resource, and Episcopus its finest export. Latin has always been, and will continue to be (unless textbooks continue to dumb down its diversity and subtlety), open to all those who truly want to have it.
as for your rodomontades about your immersing yourself in learning Latin, i look forward eagerly to apprehending the fruits of such labour.

~D

Speaking as a beginner myself: I don’t think that there’s really anything wrong with “advertising” a new book to a new student. I looked at the thread and it was a one-line advertisement, yes, but I didn’t even know that Lingua Latina existed until I read such an advertisement, and I’d bet that the poster didn’t, either.

I don’t think that there’s anything wrong with a two-track approach or with studying from two books at once (giving priority to one or the other, of course). Multiple methods and styles of instruction help me a lot because they hit different areas and learning styles.

Homeric Greek is a two-in-one volume that pairs a sequential exercise book with a grammar. I’ve found it very helpful to read through much of the grammar before it’s necessary (reading the entire phonology section before tackling the future/aorist chapter has helped greatly with apparently “irregular” verb forms) but the book is written so that the grammar is a reference for the exercises and not the other way around. Grammar is theory and exercises/readings are practice, and I lean strongly towards theory. If you learn best through practice, then readings and exercises are the way to go.

I’m not sure where Wheelock’s falls on the continuum but I think having a grammar-at-the-expense-of-context book and a second book that piles on the reading at the expense of grammar in tandem would be the best way to do it and would stimulate anybody’s particular learning style. Lingua Latina seems to be the second of these and seems to me a valuable book for any student of the language. Two unbalanced books would help me far more than one balanced book that gives insufficient grammar and insufficient readings/exercises.

I am amazed at these words. The originality of any person’s method for doing anything (untamed by the usual academic ‘almosts’ because I don’t believe the opposite ever to be true) is always mediated by the flow of history, both at the personal and macro-levels.

At any rate, it is the method, if you do not want to grant the honour to the author (who is following the ranks of Rouse et al.), which indeed is maieutic in the broader sense of the word: it educes a natural language (almost from scratch and without the need for translation); the ability acquire the language, whichever it may be, is already there.

This is not true, not for adults at any rate.

I intend to cover this at length in a few days (as part of the Saving Classics thread), but the simple point is that the ability to learn merely by exposure is there only if you’re under about 4 years old. The head of a child is hugely over-full of brain. In the interest of metabolic conservation, at about 4 years of age there’s a massive cell die-off in the brain. If you haven’t picked up language at that point, your language abilities will be impared forever.

The adult learner of any language needs formal, grammatical instruction, not as an end in itself, of course, but as a gateway. Grammar makes learning a language easier for an adult. The best adult methods for learning a language rest on an intense pairing of grammatical and dialog work (memorize n’ modify).

That would be a necessary but not sufficient condition and is immaterial to the question at hand.

The question is not about the quantity of resources but rather the quality. In addition, proof by example will not work here. Simply because someone was successful with one method does not mean that the given method was the only, or even most efficient, method that would have achieved the desired result.

The question is not does one method work and the other not. The real question relates to annis’ post. I’m not sure I agree with all of his conclusions (but I haven’t seen the evidence), but in any case, it addresses the correct question – which method is superior. That is, given an adult learner with a certain will and aptitude, which method will most rapidly lead to the acquisition of various levels of skill in the subject language. I would very much like to see the studies in this area. (Personally, I do believe that a combination of the types of learning described here would, on the average, be the best, but that is my opinion.)

As far as the personal attacks on Lucus go, they seem wholly unjustified to me. The suggestion that his posts are “advertising” is not at all fair, and to suggest “abuse of authority” is even worse. He offers his opinion, freely, and without consideration of personal gain. The whole purpose of this forum is for learners to share their experiences and to try to help other learners. He may be more passionate than most here, but I certainly believe his motives are pure and absolutely consistent with the spirit of this forum. The fact that his opinion differs from one’s own does not make it inappropriate for him to express it.

If one has been exposed to language normally until the age of 4, then (generally, not for everyone) one has two sectors of the brain very near to each other which are devoted to decoding and producing language. If either of them gets damaged – stroke, for example – then one loses the ability to understand, express, or both, languages (technically, aphasia).

Conversely if one has the ability to perform and decode language (it has been formed normally throughout the initial 4 years of life), then the ability is there (hence, Socrates). To what extent that ability grows depends largely on how much it has been nourished, how much exposure one has to a language (native or no), how much one wants to actually modify one’s own speech; the brain is plastic.

LL gives the grammar by repeated example to the adult brain; it has to give grammar, else it would not teach Latin. Then it gives the more salient grammatical terms their due explanation, by precise and repetitive example, at the end of each lesson. It expects the student will memorise all of this, and the modification from native (base) grammar, whether or not that native grammar is unconscious, is implicit. Episcopus has said that read enough, you stop translating. LL says, exactly.

It does not attempt to teach without grammar; no one can do that, the thought of that is absurd. It does teach, however, without another grammar interposing itself (with all necessary conversions) between the target language and the student (whether or not the student wants their native grammar explicitly in between is for each one to decide; no one’s attempting to prevent this choice, and I am encouraging it).

Post cell-death we cannot learn language the same way we did as a child. The equipment is gone. Simply having working results of the earlier equipment is not sufficient.

It does teach, however, without > another > grammar interposing itself (with all necessary conversions) between the target language and the student (whether or not the student > wants > their native grammar explicitly in between is for each one to decide; no one’s attempting to prevent this choice, and I am encouraging it).

I haven’t the first clue what you are trying to say here. Can you clarify this, please? What other grammar?

Here are the assumptions behind what I’ve said:

We have the genetic ability for language, as a species property, that other species on earth do not have. Our brains have a ‘language organ’ (as Chomsky puts it) to fulfil this property.

The language organ must develop (by about age 4). I think this is what you were arguing for (please clarify if I’ve got this wrong; I probably have, because you haven’t explained it yet): that the brain must develop, and that if its developmental process is inhibited, you don’t have all of the necessary equipment for the rest of your life. With this I agree.

Chomsky’s ‘initial state’ theory runs: ‘from the initial stages, the child knows vastly more than experience has provided. This is true even of simple words. At peak periods of language growth, a child is acquiring words at the rate of about one an hour, with extremely limited exposure under highly ambiguous conditions. They are understood in delicate and intricate ways that are far beyond the reach of any dictionary, and are only beginning to be investigated’ etc. Let’s take the crucial development of the initial state to be completed by about age 4 as a given.

Chomsky continues:

‘We can think of the initial state of the faculty of language as a fixed network connected to a switch box; the network is constructed of the principles of language, while the switches are the options to be determined by experience. When the switches are set one way, we have Swahili; when they are set another way, we have Japanese. Each possible human language is identified as a particular setting of the switches – a setting of parameters, in technical terminology. If the research program succeeds, we should be able literally to deduce Swahili from one choice of settings, Japanese from another, and so on throughout the languages that humans can acquire. The empirical conditions of language acquisition require that the switches can be set on the basis of the very limited information that is available to the child. Notice that small changes in switch settings can lead to great apparent variety in output, as the effects proliferate throughout the system. These are the general properties of language that any genuine theory must capture somehow.’ (my emphases).

What I am saying is that this biological species property, genetic and hence (again) Socratic, is universal. The language centres have to be developed, or completed, by about 4, agreed- let’s call this the primary process of language development. Within this primary process are all of the necessities to learn any human language, and, of course inclusively, the specificities of the grammar of your native tongue (you might not agree with that in italics, in which case we butt heads! :slight_smile:).

Once developed (once the switchboard has been set), the brain’s language centres (or the expression of the genetic blueprint) continue to evolve in less radical a fashion. Let’s call this the secondary process. The primary process of the initial state (development) must have been completed normally in order for the secondary process of plasticity to function properly. The ‘language organ’, after the primary process of development has occurred, has finished growing up; but it is still highly plastic in its secondary process, and all the modifications which are made to the language organ from age 4-5 and up are made to this plasticity. One can see how this secondary process is constantly occurring with different kinds of aphasia, which happen if different regions of the brain are damaged. The damage’s effect on language production and recognition is rectified over time in aphasic patients, often completely. Language production and recognition is by no means rigid (as I have interpreted you to have said, without enough explanation so as to know how you mean this): the brain’s highly plastic centres continue to evolve throughout life, more so if you will it, but always so, even if you do not.

When I said ‘grammar’, I was thinking of two things and conflating them indiscriminately: biological grammar (the grammar of the brain’s ‘language organ’, formed but ready to apperceive new material) and linguistic grammar (e.g., Latin grammar, English grammar, Arabic grammar, etc).

This can readily be remedied if I adhere to ‘language organ’ when talking about the brain and ‘grammar’ when talking about languages.

Latin grammar is different only at the superficial level from English grammar, even though it may appear to be completely different (inflections as opposed to word order, etc). It is the fact that Latin and English are both natural languages which makes them, on a deeper level, the same beasts in different suits (o the mixed metaphor): both of them yield ultimately to the language organ (because they are both formed of the same ‘stuff’ in the formation of the language organ itself), and learning one of them later in life is just part of the secondary process. Once developed normally by approximately age 4, the primary process, the one which includes the basis for learning any language, gives way to the secondary process in which the highly plastic language organ is continuously moulded (modified) however you please.

The other grammar is the native grammar of the speaker, making itself consciously there; when you learn via translation, you learn how to convert the grammar of the target language into your own language’s grammar, and then understanding may take place (through the plastic language organ) because of this translation. Yet this, to me in my personal style of learning, is an artificial distinction; it removes understanding by one level (target language grammar - native language grammar - understanding, rather than target language grammar - understanding). Eventually even the grammar first method (with native language’s grammar in between) is ‘ironed-out’ by the plastic brain (target language - understanding, without the native language in between; this is what I meant by Episcopus saying if read enough, you won’t translate anymore).

By the direct method, the target grammar - native grammar - understanding (through the language organ) is bypassed - there is no ‘ironing out’ that needs to be done. Although you do not have a ready knowledge of immediate translation (which you would have with the grammar first method), you still have a ‘feel’ for the target language, which it takes much longer to get if the target language’s grammar is being translated into your native language’s grammar before being understood by the language organ.

Oh, dear. A Chomskyite. This may be an unbridgeable divide. I have no great respect for Chomsky’s work. He tends to let theory run before data a little too often, in my opinion. I’m never going to employ a pedagogical methodology that relies on Chomsky’s theories.

Several times in this thread you have used the word ‘Socratic’ in a way I don’t understand. Do you mean by this Platonic (or Socratic) Memory? Do you see initial state theory as a sort of Platonic Remembering?

What I am saying is that this biological species property, genetic and hence (again) Socratic, is universal. The language centres have to be > developed> , or completed, by about 4, agreed- let’s call this the primary process of language development. Within this primary process are > all of the necessities to learn any human language> , and, of course inclusively, the specificities of the grammar of your native tongue (you might not agree with that in italics, in which case we butt heads! > :slight_smile:> ).

ἔμοιγε δοκεῖ, as they say in Plato. I see nothing objectionable in this so far.


The primary process of the initial state (development) must have been completed normally in order for the secondary process of plasticity to function properly. The ‘language organ’, after the primary process of development has occurred, has finished growing up; but it is still highly plastic in its secondary process, and all the modifications which are made to the language organ from age 4-5 and up are made to this plasticity.

Again, so far so good. Another example is horrendously difficult languages like Cree and Fula. It takes native speakers until their early teens to master all the grammatical details.

When I said ‘grammar’, I was thinking of two things and conflating them indiscriminately: biological grammar (the grammar of the brain’s ‘language organ’, formed but ready to apperceive new material) and linguistic grammar (e.g., Latin grammar, English grammar, Arabic grammar, etc).

This can readily be remedied if I adhere to ‘language organ’ when talking about the brain and ‘grammar’ when talking about languages.

Yet you’re conflating two things here: the language organ (a notion with which I have no disagreement) with what you called ‘biological grammar’ above. I’m not prepared to make that last step.

By the direct method, the target grammar - native grammar - understanding (through the language organ) is bypassed - there is no ‘ironing out’ that needs to be done.

And this is the problem. There is no other grammar hiding under our native grammar! And this is trivial to show in everyday life. I can walk out of my office at work and chat with university faculty who have been speaking English longer than I have been alive. Yet it is immediately transparent that English is not his native language. He has been exposed constantly to English, for more than 30 years, so why has his universal grammar not flattened out some of his syntactic slips? Because there is no such thing. The only grammar we possess natively is that of our native tongue(s).

We can train our language organ to correctly produce another grammar - we both agree the brain is remarkably plastic - but this happens in reference to our native grammar, not some mystical biological Esperanto no one has ever seen.

This is why the language training for spies must be so very intensive. Relying on your innate grammar is precicely the strategy that is going to lead you into error in speaking other languages. Conscious, analytical - grammatical - work must be deployed to best direct the changes we want in our so flexible brains.


(Edit: a very important ‘not’ put where it belonged.)

I am no more Chomskian that anything else, annis. I believe in using whatever’s salvageable to me in any theory I come across that seems interesting enough to keep my attention.

I’m not sure if I agree with the last part of your statement yet. It usually takes things a while to sink in before I can talk about them without speaking from the wrong orifice! :stuck_out_tongue: I am not sure that we even disagree on this point, because I think I was hasty in saying ‘biological grammar’ and ‘language organ’ as the same thing - perhaps get rid of the biological grammar all together, because yes, I don’t think there’s a grammar beyond our grammar either. But I don’t believe we must convert target language into our own to understand - this is amply shown by several examples of people learning other languages without any theory or expressed grammar at all, and becoming proficient in the language’s own idioms and expressions (actually understanding what the abstract terms mean and being able to produce them too).

In reference to Socrates, I am making the assumption that everything we do is a priori (as I have learned the term - beware of philosophers, each using their terms however they see fit!): if the ability to do something is there (even if only potentially, in this case genetically, as I think we agree language is), then really all that’s happening is eduction (W. James put it beautifully as everything functioning in terms of a lock and key, though he was talking about something else), even if you’re learning something entirely new for the first time.

If you have to resort to Chomsky, you’re badly in need for some more talking points. Here’s this article by Luigi Miraglia: “How Latin is (not) taught.” A teaser: “Students learn to translate in order to understand, instead of learning to understand in order to translate.”

Lucus’ copy:

http://www.vivariumnovum.it/micromega.htm

Nostos’ copy:

http://www.aalg.org/miraglia.htm#_edn23

I couldn’t find an English translation, sorry.

I had read this article a long while back, here. Why I didn’t remember it, the gods only know - perhaps because in order to bring it here, I would have to translate the major points of all that is said :stuck_out_tongue:

If I were to start studying Latin today, I would want to get a) Latin : An Intensive Course and b) Lingua Latina. I would get the former to get the strong analytical background, and the latter to immerse myself. In my experience, I learn a language best by combining both approaches.

Grazie, Bardo!

After seeing the price of the first book (familia romana i think), I’m going to pick up a copy. Another yes vote from me.

w00p w00p w00p

I just received my copy yesterday! :smiley: So, I voted yes.