Don’t forget to translate καί. Everything else was great. Are you finding these very easy? You may find the translation to Greek section coming up to be slightly more difficult.
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Well, I hope that it is improving your Bible reading!
All of those are very good. If you are able to handwrite 19(b), with accents, and upload the photos (or email them to me), I think it would be good practice. If you can’t, don’t worry about it, just type them as you have been doing.
Notice the hints in 19(a). It’s all very good advice.
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Perfect. Here’s Luke 22:52. The στρατηγοὶ τοῦ ἱεροῦ are usually translated as “captains of the temple” but notice that it’s the same word.
εἶπεν (he said) δὲ Ἰησοῦς (Nom. Jesus) πρὸς τοὺς παραγενομένους (acc. pl. “to those present”) ἐπ’ αὐτὸν (acc. sing. against him/surrounding him) ἀρχιερεῖς (acc. pl. high priests) καὶ στρατηγοὺς τοῦ ἱεροῦ καὶ πρεσβυτέρους (acc. pl. old men):
Ὡς ἐπὶ λῃστὴν ἐξήλθατε μετὰ μαχαιρῶν καὶ ξύλων; Have you come out against me with knives and sticks, like you would against a robber?
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These could also be accusative. Remember the “neuter rule” in declensions that the nominative and accusative are always the same. When identifying adjectives, include number, gender and case.
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ἄξιον:
Neuter nominative singular
Neuter accusative singular
Masculine accusative singular
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You might find this pattern of grammar tagging[1] easier:
First (Top) tag: Noun (N), Adjective (A), Preposition (P), Verb (V), Advervb (D), Particle (Q)
Case tag: Nom (N), Acc (A) Dat (D), Gen (G)
Gender tag: Masc (M), Fem (F), Neut (N)
Person Tag: First (1) Second (2) Third (3)
Number tag: Sing (S), Plur (P)
Degree: comparative (C) superlative (S)
The order of the tags is somewhat arbitrary. The grammars often omit the First Tag altogether and switch the order of the other tags. The First Tag is critical since it determines structure of the following tags. The order represents a hierarchy where the leftmost element functions as the key to the rest of the hierarchy.
Examples:
αὐτοῦ AP-GM3S adjective pronominal genitive masculine third person singular
καταδείξας VPAANMS verb participle aorist active nominative masculine singular
ἐποίησεν VIAA-3S verb indicative aorist active third person singular
ἄγγελος NNMS noun nominative masculine singular
τοῦ APDGM/NS adjective pronominal determiner genitive masculine/neuter singular
ὕπατοι A–NMPS adjective nominative masculine plural superlative
[1] Tagging adapted from the Barbara Friberg and Timothy Friberg System. Main advantage is the lack of ambiguity. I’ve simplified several aspects of the Friberg Tags which I found confusing. Adjectives are used as a top level category that includes pronouns, determiners and relative pronouns. I’ve actually forgotten some details of the system and certainly made some errors here. Donated my hard copies of Friberg’s analysis to students long time ago. I’m not promoting anything other than clarity. Matters not what system you use as long as it’s not confusing. Article publishing 1994 discusses the different kinds of tagging: http://www.balboa-software.com/hahne//Bible%20Software%20Greek%20Grammar%20ETS94.pdf
[2] Pronominal Determiner probably creates a problem for some people. You won’t find it in traditional grammars. Fribergs Analysis published in 1981 included an article explaining the tag hierarchy.
Postscript: Editing my posts I keep stumbling upon language interference from Hebrew. I keep finding substantives functioning as a Hebrew construct state where I have to go back and add a preposition to make it read like English syntax.
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τὰ δένδρα is “the trees”. The Greeks used singular verbs with plural neuters. So they said ἦν τὰ δένδρα, and not ἦσαν τὰ δένδρα.
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Also, what is the part of speech of δῆλα? So what must it agree with?
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Mindy, I’m going to change the name of this thread to “Exercises from Crosby and Schaeffer”. Don’t be surprised!
Your answers:
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Not quite right yet. “In the clear plain” would be ἐν τῷ δήλῳ πεδίῳ. “In the clear plains” would be ἐν τοῖς δήλοις πεδίοις. However, δῆλα does not agree with πεδίῳ. It’s not the plains that are clear. It agrees with δένδρα. That’s the plural neuter nominative form of both. So: “The trees were clear in the plain.”
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“the honorable gifts” → “honorable gifts”
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“παρά τούς φίλους”. “From the friends” would be genitive, “παρὰ τῶν φίλων.” But notice the accusative here.