Symposium 201

‘καὶ ἐπιεικῶς γε λέγεις, ὦ ἑταῖρε,’ φάναι τὸν Σωκράτη· ‘καὶ εἰ τοῦτο οὕτως ἔχει, ἄλλο τι ὁ Ἔρως κάλλους ἂν εἴη ἔρως, αἴσχους δὲ οὔ;’ ὡμολόγει.

“And you speak quite reasonably, my friend,” said Socrates. “And if it holds thus, what else could Eros be other than love of beauty, but not ugliness?” He was agreeing to this.

Isn’t ὡμολόγει surprising here, since it’s not in indirect speech?

‘ἐγώ,’ φάναι, ‘ὦ Σώκρατες, σοὶ οὐκ ἂν δυναίμην ἀντιλέγειν, ἀλλ’ οὕτως ἐχέτω ὡς σὺ λέγεις.’

‘οὐ μὲν οὖν τῇ ἀληθείᾳ,’ φάναι, 'ὦ φιλούμενε Ἀγάθων, δύνασαι ἀντιλέγειν, ἐπεὶ Σωκράτει γε οὐδὲν χαλεπόν.

“As for me, Socrates” he said, “I couldn’t speak in opposition to you, but let it be thus, just as you say.”

“Not indeed, loved Agathos,” he said, “using the truth could you speak in opposition, since that is not a hard thing to Socrates.”

Is this Socrates speaking or Pausanias? The papyrus has “φίλε”

Not exactly a direct answer to your question but it illustrates ὁμολογέω used to introduce direct speech.

Robert Funk in his structuralist koine grammar:

  1. ὅτι used to introduce direct speech (object clauses after verbs of saying):

[ …] snip

However, ὅτι may be used to introduce directly reported speech of just this type:

(6) ὡμολόγησεν ὅτι ἐγὼ ουκ εἰμὶ ὁ Χριστός Jn 1:20
He confessed, “I am not the Christ”

http://www.ibiblio.org/bgreek/project/funk-grammar/pre-alpha/lesson-45.html


Another example from the Gospels:

Matt. 7:22 πολλοὶ ἐροῦσίν μοι ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ· κύριε κύριε, οὐ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι ἐπροφητεύσαμεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δαιμόνια ἐξεβάλομεν, καὶ τῷ σῷ ὀνόματι δυνάμεις πολλὰς ἐποιήσαμεν; 23 καὶ τότε ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς· ἀποχωρεῖτε ἀπ᾿ ἐμοῦ οἱ ἐργαζόμενοι τὴν ἀνομίαν.

As to the first example, perhaps the 3rd person present “ὡμολόγει” is just indicating that the Apollodorus is jumping out of the narrative for emphasis. I have heard that authors will use the present tense inside of a historical narrative to draw the reader into the narrative.

ὡμολόγει is simply an editorial comment, not part of the grammatical structure of the sentence. As for the second, I think it’s Socrates, speaking in the third person of himself.

Just to provide some context: As I’m sure that people know, the setup of the Symposium is that everything is being related 3rd-hand. Apollodorus is relating what Aristodemus heard at the symposium. It’s “he said that Socrates said” throughout, or “φάναι τον Σωκράτη.”

As suggested, a finite verb could be emphasis or an editorial comment by Apollodorus. But I would surprised to find either in this context. This is a fairly trivial bit – so trivial that we aren’t even told the exact words of Agathon here.

I could believe that this is just for vividness or liveliness, but I thought it had been all infinitives up until now. Likely I just haven’t been paying close enough attention.

Take a look at these:


Plato Phil., Amatores [Sp.] (0059: 016)
page 134, section c, line 8

τῇ ὑποθέσει ἣν ὑπεθέμην, καὶ εἰ ταύτης ἔτι φαυλοτέραν
ὑπεθέμην – οὐδὲν γάρ ἐστι – πρὸς μέντοι σὲ οὐδὲν δέομαι
παρὰ δόξαν φιλονικεῖν, ἀλλ’ ὁμολογῶ μὴ τὰ πολλὰ ἀλλὰ
τὰ μέτρια γυμνάσια τὴν εὐεξίαν ἐμποιεῖν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις.
Τί δὲ τὰ σιτία; τὰ μέτρια ἢ τὰ πολλά; ἔφην ἐγώ.
Καὶ τὰ σιτία ὡμολόγει.
Ἔτι δὲ κἀγὼ προσηνάγκαζον αὐτὸν ὁμολογεῖν καὶ τἆλλα
πάντα τὰ περὶ τὸ σῶμα ὠφελιμώτατα εἶναι τὰ μέτρια ἀλλὰ
μὴ τὰ πολλὰ μηδὲ τὰ ὀλίγα· καί μοι ὡμολόγει τὰ μέτρια.
Τί δ’, ἔφην, τὰ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν; τὰ μέτρια ὠφελεῖ ἢ
τὰ ἄμετρα τῶν προσφερομένων;
Τὰ μέτρια, ἔφη.
Οὐκοῦν ἓν τῶν προσφερομένων ψυχῇ ἐστι καὶ τὰ μαθή-
ματα;
Ὡμολόγει.
Καὶ τούτων ἄρα τὰ μέτρια ὠφελεῖ ἀλλ’ οὐ τὰ πολλά;
Συνέφη.
Τίνα οὖν ἐρόμενοι ἂν δικαίως ἐροίμεθα ὁποῖοι μέτριοι
πόνοι καὶ σιτία πρὸς τὸ σῶμά ἐστιν;
Ὡμολογοῦμεν μὲν τρεῖς ὄντες, ὅτι ἰατρὸν ἢ παιδοτρίβην.



Plato Phil., Amatores [Sp.]
page 136, section b, line 9

εἰδέναι ὅτι λέγοι, ἐπυνθανόμην αὐτοῦ τοὺς ἀγαθοὺς πότερον
χρησίμους ἢ ἀχρήστους εἶναι ὑπολαμβάνοι.
Χρησίμους δήπου, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἔφη.
Ἆρ’ οὖν, εἴπερ οἱ ἀγαθοὶ χρήσιμοι, οἱ πονηροὶ
ἄχρηστοι;
Ὡμολόγει.
Τί δέ; τοὺς φιλοσόφους ἄνδρας χρησίμους ἡγῇ ἢ οὔ;
Ὁ δὲ ὡμολόγει χρησίμους, καὶ πρός γε ἔφη χρησιμω-
τάτους εἶναι ἡγεῖσθαι.
Φέρε δὴ γνῶμεν, εἰ σὺ ἀληθῆ λέγεις, ποῦ καὶ χρήσιμοι
ἡμῖν εἰσιν οἱ ὕπακροι οὗτοι; δῆλον γὰρ ὅτι ἑκάστου γε τῶν
τὰς τέχνας ἐχόντων φαυλότερός ἐστιν ὁ φιλόσοφος.
Ὡμολόγει.


Plato Phil., Amatores [Sp.]
page 137, section e, line 15

Φημί.
Καὶ εἰ βοῦς ὢν ἀγνοοῖ τοὺς πονηροὺς καὶ χρηστοὺς
<βοῦς>, κἂν αὑτὸν ἀγνοοῖ ποῖός τίς ἐστιν;
Ναί, ἔφη.
Οὕτω δὴ καὶ εἰ κύων;
Ὡμολόγει.
Τί δ’; ἐπειδὰν ἄνθρωπός τις ὢν ἀγνοῇ τοὺς χρηστοὺς
καὶ μοχθηροὺς ἀνθρώπους, ἆρ’ οὐχ αὑτὸν ἀγνοεῖ πότερον
χρηστός ἐστιν ἢ πονηρός, ἐπειδὴ καὶ αὐτὸς ἄνθρωπός ἐστιν;
Συνεχώρει.
Τὸ δὲ αὑτὸν ἀγνοεῖν σωφρονεῖν ἐστιν ἢ μὴ σωφρονεῖν;

Written yesterday but not posted. I hope it will clear up the confusion and misapprehension evident in some of these posts. (But mahasacham understood, and made a reasonable suggestion: “for emphasis.”)

ωμολογει is surprising, yes, a rather startling departure from the cumbersome and strangely distanced reported form of the entire dialogue, with all those φάναι’s etc at second or third remove. It must be marked, I think: this forced agreement is far from “trivial”: it’s the crucial point in the elenchus, leading straight to Agathon’s realization of the incoherence of his position (as invariably happens to Socrates’ interlocutors). The momentary abandonment of the indirect form is not altogether unique in the Symposium, and it might be worth checking the other instances where it’s dropped. (It must have been a bit of pain to sustain it.) I doubt it’s simply in the interests of preserving the tense, though that too must be significant somehow and it’s hard to imagine ὁμολογεῖν. Above we had συμφαναι εφη τον Αγαθωνα (200d6), but here, coming hard on the heels of φαναι τον Αγαθωνα at 201a6, ομολογειν/ομολογῆσαι (εφη) τον Αγαθωνα would be clumsy, and the pace is quickening as we approach his discomfiture at 201b11 (κινδυνευω ω Σωκρατες ουδεν ειδεναι ὧν τοτε ειπον!).

The ω φιλουμενε Αγαθων reply is definitely Socrates. The μεν ουν is corrective, as usual. “I couldn’t gainsay you” says Agathon. “No it’s truth you can’t gainsay, my darling,” says Socrates, “there’s nothing hard about gainsaying Socrates.” He could have said εμοί γε but the objectifying “Socrates” (a mere know-nothing mortal) makes a sharper contrast with “truth.”