scanning effort, please check my work.

Here are two lines, I’ll try to scan the first one. I request an evaluation of this work so far.

Subscript L denotes Long Syllable, S Short Syllable.

Ter circum Iliacos raptaverat Hectora muros,
exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles.

Ter cir (LL) cum il ia (LSS) cos rap (LL) ta ve rat (LSS) Hec to ra (LSS) mu ros (LL)


Rationale:

The first foot is a spondee. I assume the first one in the line must be long, and the second is long because of the “rc” in circum.

The second foot is a trochee. The first syllable must be long, because it is the next syllable after a spondee. Assigning S S to the next two syllables is guesswork, because I can’t think of any rule to make them L. I’m not happy with my rationale here, but it’s the best I can do now.

The third foot (cos rap) is another spondee. “cos” must be long because it is the first syllable after a trochee. “rap” is long by position, with respet to the “pt” in “raptaverat”.

“Hectora muros” looks like the typical “shave and a hair cut” ending of a trochaic hexameter line Evidently the --os ending in 2nd declension nouns is long by nature.

You got it right!

A few points:

The first syllable ter is long (although the vowel -e- is short) because the consonant -r is followed by a consonant c- (and we have an internal rhyme: teR CiRCum).

The second foot is a dactyl, not a trochee. -um is elided with Il-. The vowel of Il- is long, and -ia- are both short.

The vowels of accusative plural endings in -s (-as, -es, -is, -os and -us) are always long in Latin words. (Latinized Greek endings offer some exceptions.) Even if o in -cos were short (which it isn’t), the syllable would be long by position.

Note that H- in Hectora does not combine with the preceding -t to make -rat a long syllable.

The main caesura occurs after Iliacos, and, as is frequently the case, the adjective Iliacos modifies the last word of the line, muros.

This is Ovid’s summary of the Iliad. He passes very briefly over the main events to focus on the obscure story of Cygnus, which involves a metamorphosis, and the Quarrel of Arms between Ulixes and Aiax over the armor of Achiles, which is developed as a witty parody of an exercise for students of rhetoric. Ulixes’ arguments are ludicrously specious, but not much more specious than some of the arguments you’ll find in the Attic orators.

If you like, send more scanned lines for review.

Qimmik wrote:
“The second foot is a dactyl, not a trochee. -um is elided with Il-. The vowel of Il- is long, and -ia- are both short.”

On dactyl not trochee. Right I mispoke.

On the elision matter. I haven’t studied elision with any care, so I have to work on that.

Ok, here is the second line of that excerpt.

exanimumque auro corpus vendebat Achilles.

ex a ni (LSS, a dactyl). X counts as a double consonant.
mum que’au: (LL, a spondee). Wild guess on the elision.
ro cor: (LL, another spondee) The -o ablative ending in auro is long by nature, o in cor is long by position.
pus ven (LL, another spondee. The pus is long by position, sv. So is ven, -nd.
de bat Ach (LSS, a dactyl). The de seems long by nature, judging from verb tables. Also I need a dactyl to get the common “shave and a haircut” line ending.
Finally, il-les is another spondee.

I’ll try again another day, after I absorb the lessons of today.

Right again. Make sure that in addition to marking the syllables you note where the main caesura occurs. Sometimes there are two, one in the second and one in the fourth foot, but most frequently there is one, right after the first long syllable of the third foot, less frequently after the first short syllable of a dactylic third foot (forming a trochee).

As for elision, there’s not much to study with care. Final vowels, and final syllables ending with a vowel+m are elided with following vowels.

O (the vocative interjection) is never elided.

Hiatus (failure to elide where it would normally be called for) occurs sometimes, so you have to be on the lookout for it. In Latin poetry it’s often a conscious effort to evoke Homeric Greek, which allows hiatus in many cases for various reasons.

Whenever you scan a line, make sure you read it aloud metrically a few times to get the rhythm into your head.

Thanks for the encouragement and advice, Qimmik. This is something I had put off. You helped me get off the dime.

Your syllable-by-syllable foot-by-foot scanning does work, and you show you know the “rules” and can do it successfully. However, it’s well worth noting the internal structure of the dactylic hexameter line, which never (well, hardly ever) falls into two exact halves. That is to say, you don’t find word-end at the end of the 3rd foot; the line is swept clear over its midpoint. Verses do tend to be bipartite, but word-division tends to fall within the 3rd foot (and/or occasionally within the 4th). That’s what’s known as the caesura.

When learning to read metrically—which will add immeasurably to your enjoyment—it can be useful to aim for the caesura, which most often comes after the first (long) syllable of the 3rd foot. In this particular verse, for instance, the caesura comes at ter circ(um) Iliacos |, LONG long LONG short-short LONG. The line breaks there. You’ll find that the next line has the same pattern, exanimumqu(e) auro |. The individual feet may not have exactly the same syllabic structure (spondees/dactyls: here LONG short-short LONG long LONG) but in both lines the breakpoint between the two parts of the line comes exactly at the same place, two-and-a-half feet into the line, after the third LONG. Following that of course you will have either a long or a double-short before you hit the LONG that kicks off the 4th foot, and then you’re within reach of the 5th+6th feet “shave and a hair-cut” clausula. Once you get the basic rhythm fixed in your head you’ll find that verses effectively scan themselves, without your having to go through the laborious process of working out the length of each individual syllable.

Of course, that may take a while, and the better you know your vowel quantities irrespective of meter (e.g. the second a of raptaverat must be long, and the e must be short), the less likely you are to go wrong. Ilium always starts long-short, and the –acus ending has short a. (It’s a greek formation, Ιλιακος. Ovid loves greek names and their forms, taking over many of them from hellenistic greek literature.) But I really would encourage you to try reading whole lines, with the caesura to help steer you through, along with closing “shave and a hair cut” (sometimes called the adonic section, after Ω τον Αδωνιν), and the basic dactylic rhythm controlling it all. Before tackling complete lines you might like to look through a bunch of consecutive lines and (1) get as far as the 3rd-foot caesura (not all lines have it directly after the longum: some have it after the following short, i.e. within the second half of the foot); and then (2) identify the closing adonic section of each line (most often in the dactyl-spondee form, but just occasionally with a spondee instead of the dactyl, making the line feel heavy); and then, only then, (3) bridge the remaining gap (end of 3rd foot and all of 4th) between caesura and clausula. A minority of lines, you might see, sweep right over the 3rd foot with a longer word that runs into the 4th (not stopping at the end of the 3rd, mind), resulting in a 4th-foot caesura, but you won’t find too many of them.

I think this will engender an appreciation of the dynamics of the hexameter right from the start, as well as simply making it easier to read metrically. And the verbal structure complements the metrical. The relationship between the words (and syntax) and the meter is the most fascinating thing about latin versification; it goes to the very essence of verse. Qimmik pointed out Iliacos at caesura picked up by its noun muros at verse end, an aesthetically satisfying pattern which recurs again and again in Ovid and other poets, and is something of a mannerism in the pentameter of elegiacs. The adjective (or adjectives) routinely comes in the first half, which sets things up for its resolution in the form of its noun in the second; so the main syntax tends to be concentrated in the latter part of the line. Cf. your second line here, adj. (exanimum) kicking off the first half, its noun (corpus) kicking off the second (rather than being postponed to the end of the line, another favored pattern, a sandwich). Similarly the adverbial stuff, ter and auro, in the first halves, have to wait for their verbs in the second halves. And there’s so much more. In Ovid it can come to seem glib and mechanical, especially when each line is complete in itself as here, but it never loses its effect, and he can ring many changes, and he can ring many changes. There’s no-one more fluent as a versifier, just as there’s no one more ingenious in “inventio.” But the supeme master of the dactylic hexameter is the endlessly supple Virgil.

EDIT: This before seeing your and Q’s second posts, so forgive repetition.

mwh has said most everything much better than I ever could. Take his advice to heart. Try to get the first section of the verse–the two and a half (usually) feet through the caesura–and the adonic, and the rest will fill in by itself. Read aloud metrically, and try doing so before you mark out the longs and the shorts. Try to get the whole verse, or at least the two sections separated by the caesura, and try to move beyond analyzing foot by foot. The hexameter isn’t really six feet–think of it as two or sometimes three sections separated by caesuras. The ultimate goal is to get the rhythm of the whole hexameter verse in your head. Once you’re able to achieve this, you’ll begin to see the great rhythmic variety of the hexameter, and you can begin to appreciate Vergil, the supreme master.

Then we can move on to elegiac couplets, and after that to Horace.

Thanks to mwh and Qimmik for the advice.