Small question: In Latin, are the "C"s and "c"s in proper nouns like Caesar and Cicero pronounced hard or soft; that is, with the “k” sound (as the Latin textbooks suggest for regular nouns) or with the “s” sound that we are familiar with in our modern speech?
Google is your friend. I found this http://www.ai.uga.edu/mc/latinpro.pdf with a Google search on “Latin pronunciation”.
Very nice. Thanks. I’ve downloaded that to my Latin folder.
The answer is that C’s are always hard. 
Except for a while (fifteen hundred years?) when it was pronounced soft in Latin there, of course,—and even unto our day by many (mostly clergy, I imagine) who do not follow the restored pronunciation model!
Nisi certè per spatium (quindecim saeculorum?) cum ea latinè ibi molliter sonabatur. Et sunt horum dierum multes (quorum magna pars clerici, cogito), pronuntiationis restitutae non consectatores, qui sic sonant.
According to the pronunciation guide in one work (Linney: Getting Started with Latin) it depends on whether you use the classical or ecclesiastical pronunciation. In classical pronunciation it is always hard. In ecclesiastical it is pronounced hard except when it comes before e, i, ae, or oe. In these cases it is pronounced like the ch in cheese. So, I guess Marc Antony came to bury /cheeser/ not to praise him. 
“Soft c” isn’t a true c, but it is s or tsh. But letter c isn’t truly a c either, but a g. The third letter was originally g as it still is in Greek known as gamma. But when the Etruscans took the alphabet in hand they didn’t have “g”-sound, but used the same letter to betoken a “k” sound instead. Thence it went to the Romans and they used it for the “k” sound as well, a misused g.