North And Hillard Latin Prose Composition Preliminary Exercises

Latin Learning Latin
141

We could go back and forth for ever on all this, but enough is enough. Let’s keep it as simple as possible. I suppose these exercises are like training wheels, and we shouldn’t worry too much about Latinity.

dēfendere yes of course. The important thing is it’s 3rd conjugation not 2nd. Same with perdere. Unlike parere.
I don’t share your discomfort with use of possessive dative.

I’m happy to leave it all in your hands now, and/or katalogon’s or bedwere’s.

142

Thanks Michael.

I agree simplicity is best and so I will be guided by you on dative of possession and on double accusatives. If the former doesn’t cause you a problem it certainly should cause one for me.

Thanks so much for your patience and help on this.

One hopefully final, as far as I am concerned, version will follow.

143

These are the final changes that I have made:

E
3. You have often asked me for advice, which I cannot give you.
Saepe mē cōnsilium rogāvistī, quod tibi dare non possum.

  1. The general asked the consul for the soldiers.
    Dux cōnsulem mīlitēs rogāvit.

  2. He, having been made king, did not ask his people for advice.
    Is, rēx crēatus, populum cōnsilium nōn rogāvit.

  3. The man, whom you asked for advice, has taught me many things.
    Vir, quem cōnsilium rogāvistī, multās rēs mē docuit.

F
5. His children ask him for bread, which he cannot give them.
Līberī ēius pānem eum rogant, quem eīs dare nōn potest.

  1. They have ships and sailors, but they have not many
    harbours.
    Sunt eīs nāvēs et nautae, non tamen multī portūs.

  2. We ourselves have many ships.
    Multae nāvēs nōbīs ipsīs sunt.

G

  1. A state which has a good king enjoys peace.
    Cīvitās cui est rēx bonus pāce fruitur.

If no one has problems with these I will post a final version. I am not a great proof reader and so no doubt there are still errors.

144

Congrats! I spot only E11 crēatus > creātus and F7 non > nōn. Sorry to have caused so much trouble, and we can only hope users will not have to unlearn too much.

145

Thanks.

No need for apologies! Your input has been invaluable and has greatly improved the answers.

146

Here are my final set of solutions for these exercises.

I would like to thank all those who have contributed to this project for their generous help and valuable advice. No doubt some errors and infelicities remain but they are my responsibility. If someone else wishes to improve the solutions they are welcome to take this work forward.
Page 1
North and Hillard
Latin Prose Composition
Preliminary Exercises
(These Exercises from A to K are meant to supply occasional practice in the more elementary rules not covered by this book. As they are not intended to be included in the course of the book, a separate vocabulary of the harder words is given at the foot of each)
Exercise A
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE; ABLATIVE OF INSTRUMENT AND AGENT.

  1. The land was ruled by a good king. Terra ā rēge bonō regēbātur.
  2. The soldier was killed by an arrow. Mīles sagittā occīsus est.
  3. The boy killed the bird with a stone. Puer avem lapide interfēcit.
  4. The Roman general was defeated by Hannibal. Dux rōmānus ā Hannibale victus est.
  5. The soldier killed the peasant with a sword. Milēs gladiō agricolam interfēcit.
  6. We have been conquered by the enemy. Ab hostibus victī sumus.
    Page 2
  7. The walls were defended by the citizens.
    Mūrī ā cīvibus dēfēnsī sunt.
  8. Our city was built by Romulus.
    Urbs nostra ā Rōmulō aedificāta est.
  9. The Romans fortified their city with a wall.
    Rōmānī urbem mūrō mūnīvērunt.
  10. Gaul is separated from Britain by the sea.
    Gallia ā Britanniā marī dīviditur.
  11. A high wall defends the camp.
    Mūrus altus castra dēfendit.
  12. We are loved by our friends, and we love them.
    Ab amīcīs amāmur et eōs amāmus.
  13. We shall not be conquered by the enemy.
    Ab hostibus nōn vincēmur.
  14. The camp is defended by a long wall.
    Castra mūrō longō dēfenduntur.
  15. The citizens defended the city.
    Cīvēs urbem dēfendērunt
  16. Cities are defended by the citizens.
    Urbēs ā cīvibus dēfenduntur.
  17. We have taken the camp.
    Castra cēpimus.
  18. The camp has been taken by us.
    Castra ā nōbīs capta sunt.
    Page 3
  19. They are teaching the boys.
    Puerōs docent
  20. The boys are taught by books.
    Puerī librīs docentur.
    arrow, sagitta.
    stone, lapis ; gen. lapidis. peasant, agricola, m. Ist decl. defend, dēfendere.
    build, aedificāre.
    fortify, munire.
    separate, dīvidere.
    friend, amīcus.
    teach, docēre. Page 4
    Exercise B.
    COMMAND; REMOTER OBJECT.
  21. Give me this book. Dā mihi hunc librum.
  22. Do not give him a sword, but give him arrows.
    Nōlī eī dare gladium, sed (dā eī) sagittās. Nōlite eī dare gladium, sed (date eī) sagittās.
  23. Let us go, and let them remain here. Nōs eāmus, illī autem hīc maneant.
  24. Do not go home, but return to us.
    Nōlī īre domum, sed ad nōs redī. Nōlite īre domum, sed ad nōs redīte.
  25. Let him go away now, but come again. Nunc quidem discēdat, rūrsus tamen redeat
  26. Keep these books. Do not lose them. Servā hōs librōs. Nōlī eōs perdere.
  27. Let us fortify the city with walls. Urbem moenibus mūniāmus.
  28. Do not let us return to the city. Nē ad urbem redeāmus.
  29. Boys, obey your masters. Puerī, magistrīs pārēte.
    Page 5
  30. Let us spend the winter in the city.
    In urbe hiemem agāmus
  31. Do not remain at home.
    Nōlī domī manēre.
  32. Let them build ships. Let them not be afraid of the sea.
    Nāvēs aedificent. Nē mare timeant.
  33. Do not give me the book.
    Nōlī librum mihi dare.
  34. This is Caius’s book–give it to him.
    Hic liber Cāiī est, eum eī dā.
  35. Do not let us remain here.
    Nē hīc maneāmus.
  36. Let him be killed.
    Interficiātur.
  37. Do not be afraid of the sea.
    Nōlī mare timēre.
  38. Citizens, defend the city with your arms.
    Cīvēs urbem armīs dēfendite.
  39. Give me the letter.
    Dā mihi epistulam.
  40. Let all return to the city.
    Omnēs ad urbem redeant.

book, liber; gen. librī.
sword, gladius.
remain, manēre.
(to) home, domum.
at home, domī.
return, redīre.
again, rūrsus.
keep, servāre.
lose, perdere.
fortify, mūnīre.
obey, pārēre, dat.
spend (time), agere.
winter, hiems; gen. hiemis.
build, aedificāre.
be afraid of, fear, timēre.
defend, dēfendere.
letter, epistola.
Exercise C.
APPOSITION; COMPOSITE SUBJECT.

  1. Romulus, son of Mars, was the first king of the Romans. Rōmulus, fīlius Martis, rēx prīmus Rōmānōrum fuit.
  2. Obey the king, the father of his country. Pārēte rēgī, patrī patriae.
  3. You and your brother will be killed by the enemy. Tū et fīlius tuus ab hostibus interficiēminī.
  4. Caius and I are well. Cāius et ego valēmus.
  5. The youths were killed by their father, Brutus. iuvenēs ā patre Brūtō interfectī sunt
  6. You and I and our friends will set out. Tū et ego et amīcī nostrī proficīscēmur.
  7. The king and queen are dear to all of the citizens. Rēx et rēgīna cārī omnibus cīvibus sunt.
  8. By good laws Numa, the second king of Rome, benefited his country.
    Numa, rēx secundus Rōmae, lēgibus bonīs patriae prōfuit.
  9. Both men and women were killed by the soldiers.
    Et virī et fēminae ā mīlitibus interfectī sunt.
  10. All of us love life, the greatest gift of the gods.
    Omnēs vītam, dōnum deōrum maximum, amāmus.
  11. The king lost his kingdom and his riches, the things most
    pleasant to him.
    Rēx rēgnum et dīvitiās, rēs eī iūcundissimās perdidit.
  12. Citizens, obey me, your king.
    Cīvēs, mihi pārēte, rēgī vestrō.
  13. Neither the king nor his sons will be killed.
    Neque rēx neque fīliī interficientur.
  14. The king and his son Caius have been killed. Rēx et Cāius
    fīlius interfectī sunt.
  15. He and I will go away. Is et ego discēdēmus.
  16. Give the letter to me, your king. Dā epistulam mihi, rēgī tuō.
  17. She and her brother have been sent home. Ea et frāter
    domum dīmissī sunt.
  18. His father, the king of Italy, has sent him. Pater ēius, rēx
    Italiae, eum mīsit.
  19. I have come to you, my own brother. Ad tē vēnī, meum
    frātrem.
  20. Both the men and the women are good citizens. Et virī et
    fēminae bonī cīvēs sunt.

obey, pārēre, dat.
country (fatherland), patria.
to be well, valēre.
youth, iuvenis.
friend, amīcus.
set out, proficiscī.
dear, cārus.
benefit, prōdesse, dat,
both men and women, et virī et fēminae.
gift, dōnum.
lose, perdere.
kingdom, rēgnum.
riches, dīvitiae.
pleasant, iūcundus.
letter, epistola.
Exercise D.
QUESTIONS; USE OF RELATIVE.

  1. Who saw the man, who killed the king?
    Quis virum vīdit, qui rēgem interfēcit?
  2. Did you, who were present, see him?
    Vīdistīne eum tū, qui aderās?
    (vīdistisne eum vōs, quī aderātis?)
  3. Did not Marius, the Roman general, conquer the Teutones.
    Nōnne Marius, dux Rōmānus, Teutonōs vīcit?
  4. He was not killed by the enemy, was he?
    Num ab hostibus interfectus est?
  5. Has he lost the presents which you gave him?
    Perdiditne dōna quae eī dedistī?
  6. What general conquered the Teutones?
    Quī dux Teutonōs vīcit?
  7. What did you buy for your brother?
    Quid frātrī tuō ēmistī?
  8. I have lost the book which I bought for my brother.
    Librum, quem frātrī meō ēmī, perdidī.
  9. Whose son are you?
    Cuius fīlius es?
  10. Were you not present?
    Nōnne aderās?
  11. Surely he did not say that?
    Num id dīxit?
  12. What name is dearest to you?
    Quod nōmen tibi est cārissimum?
  13. This is the book that I lost.
    Hic est liber quem perdidī.
  14. What cities has he taken?
    Quās urbēs cēpit?
  15. By whom was he killed?
    Ā quō interfectus est?
  16. Am I not your father?
    Nōnne pater tuus sum?
  17. He did not say that, did he?
    Num id dīxit?
  18. She is not the woman, whose son was present.
    Ea nōn est mulier cuius fīlius aderat.
  19. What city do I see?
    Quam urbem videō?
  20. What man’s house have you bought?
    Cuius virī domum ēmistī?

to be present, adesse.
lose, perdere
present, dōnum.
buy, emere.
dear, cārus.
woman, mulier.
house, domus.Exercise E.
FACTITIVE VERBS;
VERBS GOVERNING TWO ACCUSATIVES.

  1. The people elected Pompey consul.
    Populus Pompēium cōnsulem creāvit.
  2. Marius, who was often elected consul, was a great general.
    Marius, quī cōnsulem saepe creābātur, dux magnus fuit.
  3. You have often asked me for advice, which I cannot give you.
    Saepe mē cōnsilium rogāvistī, quod tibi dare non possum.
  4. He was thought a good general by all.
    Dux bonus ab omnibus esse putābātur.
  5. You wished to conceal the sword from me, but it was given me by the slave.
    Gladium mē cēlāre volēbās sed mihi ā servō datus est.
  6. You have been taught many things by your master.
    Multās rēs ā magistrō doctus es.
  7. Did I not teach you Greek?
    Nōnne tē linguam Graecam docuī**?**
  8. The general asked the consul for the soldiers.
    Dux cōnsulem mīlitēs rogāvit.
  9. Marius, who became the enemy of Sulla, killed many Roman citizens.
    Marius, quī hostis Sullae factus est, multōs cīvēs Romanōs interfēcit.
  10. You and I will hide this from our friends.
    Ego et tū hoc amīcōs cēlābimus.
  11. He, having been made king, did not ask his people for advice.
    Is, rēx creātus, populum cōnsilium nōn rogāvit.
  12. We were asked for the sword, which we had concealed from our father.
    Gladium rogātī sumus, quem patrem nostrum cēlāverāmus.
  13. I was asked by Caius for a sword. Gladium ā Cāiō rogātus sum.
  14. They were thought to be very wise. Sapientissimī esse putābantur
  15. I hid from Caius the sword for which you asked me.
    Gladium Cāium cēlāvi, quem ā mē rogāvistī
  16. Were you not taught Greek by your master?
    Nōnne linguam Graecam ā tuō magistrō doctus es?
  17. They became consuls, because they were thought to be wise.
    Cōnsulēs factī sunt quia sapientēs putābantur.
  18. Why did you hide this from Caius?
    Cūr hoc Cāium cēlāvistī?
  19. You, who did this, were not elected consul by the citizens.
    Tū, quī hoc fēcistī, cōnsul nōn ā cīvibus creātus es.
  20. The man, whom you asked for advice, has taught me many things.
    Vir, quem cōnsilium rogāvistī, multās rēs mē docuit.

ask, rogāre.
teach, docēre.
hide, conceal, cēlāre.
elect, creāre.
consul, cōnsul, -sulis.
advice, cōnsilium,
Greek (language), Graeca lingua
friend, amīcus.
people, populus.
sword, gladius.
wise, sapiens.
because, quod.Exercise F.
DATIVE OF POSSESSOR; SIMPLE USES OF SE, SUUS, IPSE, IS.
1.He killed himself with his own sword.
Sē suō gladiō interfēcit.
2. He has a garden which was given him by his friend. Hortum habet, quī eī ab amīcō ēius datus est. (“Hortus eī est, quī ab amīcō ēius datus est.” is also possible)
3. He bought the house for himself and his wife.
Sibī uxōrīque domum ēmit.
4. I have never seen him himself, but I have seen his children.
Eum ipsum numquam vīdī, vīdī tamen līberōs (ēius).
5. His children ask him for bread, which he cannot give them.
Līberī ēius pānem eum rogant, quem eīs dare nōn potest.
6. He has given his children the bread which they asked him for.
Pānem līberīs suīs dedit quem eum rogāvērunt.
7. They have ships and sailors, but they have not many harbours.
Sunt eīs nāvēs et nautae, nōn tamen multī portūs.
8. He wished to conceal his opinion from me, but I asked his friends.
Sententiam suam mē cēlāre volēbat, sed amīcōs ēius rogāvī.
9. You Gauls fear Caesar and his army.
Vōs Gallī Caesarem et exercitum ēius timētis.
10. He led his army against the Gauls, and took their camp. Exercitum contrā Gallōs dūxit et castra eōrum cēpit.
11. The citizens themselves wished to make him consul. Cīvēs ipsī eum cōnsulem creāre volēbant.
12. We have many friends, whom we do not often see. Multi amīcī nōbīs sunt, quōs nōn saepe vidēmus.
13. I myself will give you his sword.
Ego ipse tibi gladium ēius dabō.
14. We ourselves have many ships.
Multae nāvēs nōbīs ipsīs sunt.
15. He himself gave me his own sword.
Is ipse gladium suum mihi dedit.
16. I killed him, because he wished to make himself king. Eum interfēcī quod sē rēgem creāre volēbat.
17. I had many friends once, but now I have few.
Ōlim mihi erant multī amīcī, (sed) nunc autem (sunt) paucī.
18. I asked you for their bread.
Tē pānem eōrum rogāvī.
19. They gave us their sailors and ships.
Nōbīs nautās nāvēsque suōs dedērunt.
20. We ourselves have been taught many things by him.
Nōs ipsī multās rēs ab eō doctī sumus.

garden, hortus, -i.
buy, emere.
wife, uxor, ōris.
children, līberī.
bread, pānis, -is m.
harbour, portus, ūs m.
opinion, sententia.
fear, tīmēre.
once, ōlim, quondam.
few, paucī.
sailor, nauta m.
Exercise G.
ABLATIVE OF CAUSE; WORDS GOVERNING ABLATIVE.

  1. A state which has a good king enjoys peace. Cīvitās cui est rēx bonus pāce fruitur.
  2. Relying on the courage of his soldiers, he led them against the enemy.
    Frētus virtūte mīlitum (suōrum) contrā hostēs eōs dūxit.
  3. They died of fear.
    Timōre mortuī sunt.
  4. Oxen feed on grass, and lions on flesh.
    Bovēs herbā, leōnēs carne vēscuntur.
  5. We use riches, and wish to get possession of them.
    Dīvitiīs ūtimur eīsque potīrī volumus.
  6. Relying on his wings, Mercury had no need of a ship.
    Frētō ālīs, Mercuriō nāve nōn opus erat.
  7. A man who performs his duty is worthy of praise.
    Vir quī officiō fungitur dignus laude est.
  8. The enemy wish to get possession of our camp.
    Hostēs castrīs nostrīs potīrī volunt.
  9. Through his help I can now use my sword.
    Auxiliō ēius nunc gladiō meō possum ūtī.
  10. We have need of the soldiers we have asked him for.
    Nōbīs mīlitibus opus est quōs ab eō rogāvimus.
  11. A man who is contented with little is worthy of a happy life.
    Vir quī contentus parvō est, dignus beātā vitā est.
  12. We shall often use the books which you have given us.
    Saepe librīs ūtēmur quōs nōbīs dedistī.
  13. You seem to me to be worthy of praise.
    Mihi dignus laude esse vidēris.
  14. We have no need of these ships.
    Nōbīs hīs nāvibus nōn opus est.
  15. They attacked the city, relying on the courage of their soldiers.
    Urbem aggressī sunt, frētī virtūte mīlitum.
  16. I did this through the advice of Caius.
    Hoc cōnsiliō Cāiī fēcī.
  17. By this courage he took the city.
    Hāc virtūte urbem cēpit.
  18. Did you use the riches which were given you?
    Ūsusne es dīvitiīs quae tibi datae sunt?
  19. Many men have died of hunger.
    Multī fame mortuī sunt.
  20. You, who perform your duties well, have many friends.
    Vōs quī officiīs bene fungiminī multōs amīcōs habētis.

(For words which govern the ablative see Vocabulary 42.)

state, cīvitas.
die, mori.
flesh, carō, carnis.
riches, dīvitiae.
wing, āla.
duty, officium.
help, auxilium.
little (noun), parvum (neuter of parvus).
happy, beātus.
book, liber, -brī.
often, saepe.
hunger, fames.
Exercise H.
EASY PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES.

  1. Among the captives. Inter captīvōs.
  2. At the house of Caius. Apud Cāium.
  3. Over and above the dowry.
    Super dōtem.
  4. Before his feet. ante pedēs
  5. Without a ransom sine pretiō
  6. From him. ex eō
  7. With his friends. cum amīcīs
  8. With you. tēcum
  9. Because of his age propter aetātem ēius
  10. Owing to his joy propter gaudium ēius
  11. Through fear.
    E metū (Per timōrem)
  12. Kind towards the poor. Benignus ergā pauperēs.
  13. To advance towards the city.
    prōgredī ad urbem
  14. Through the river. per flūmen
  15. In the presence of the king. Cōram rēge
  16. Through scouts Per explōrātōrēs
  17. By the king. Ā rēge
  18. From the fame of his deeds. Ex fāmā rērum gestārum ēius.
  19. From that time. ex eō tempore.
  20. Out of the bravest soldiers. Ē mīlitibus fortissimīs
  21. He was sent to him with gifts.
    Cum dōnīs eī missus est.
  22. As hostages. ut obsidēs
  23. For so great a service. prō tantō meritō.
  24. Instead of horses. prō equīs
  25. On the nearest hill. in colle proximō
  26. Into his alliance. in societātem ēius.
  27. Under the general himself. Sub duce ipsō
  28. At my house. Apud mē
  29. To go under the earth. sub terram īre (acc motion)
  30. About terms of peace. dē condiciōnibus pācis
  31. Before a year. ante ūnum annum
  32. Round about the city. circum urbem.
  33. On this side of the mountains. cis montēs
  34. Besides the messenger.
    praeter nūntium
  35. Except the poet.
    praeter poētam
  36. Against Antiochus. Contrā Antiochum
  37. About a thousand men. circiter mille hominēs
  38. Around the mountain. circum montem
  39. Within the camp. in castrīs
  40. Outside the gates. extrā portās
  41. Below the city walls. infrā moenia urbis
  42. In the power of the enemy. In potestāte hostium
  43. Behind the horsemen. post equitēs
  44. According to the laws. dē lēgibus
  45. Contrary to the laws. contrā lēgēs
  46. Adjoining the camp.
    iuxtā castra
  47. As far as his head.
    capite tenus
  48. Near the garden. prope hortum
  49. The army was sent under the yoke.
    exercitus sub jugum missus est.
  50. It lies under your eyes.
    sub oculīs tuīs iacet

captive, captīvus.
scout, explōrātor.
dowry, dōs; gen. dōtis.
gift, dōnum.
terms, condiciōnēs.
messenger, nūntius.
poet, poēta , m.
horseman, eques.
garden, hortus.
yoke, iugum.
lie, iacere.
ransom, pretium.
age, aetās.
joy, gaudium.
fear, metus, ūs.
poor, pauper.
hostage, obses; gen. obsidis.
service, meritum.
nearest, proximus.
alliance, societās.
Exercise K.
PREPOSITIONS.

  1. He came into the city with ten soldiers.
    In urbem cum decem mīlitibus vēnit.
  2. After one night he set out against the enemy.
    Post ūnam noctem contrā hostēs profectus est.
  3. In front of the house there is a field.
    Ante domum est ager.
  4. I cannot go across the sea without ships.
    Sine nāvibus trans mare nōn possum īre.
    Sine nāvibus mare transnāvigāre nōn possum.
  5. He was killed by his brother at a feast, amid all his friends. In convīviō inter amīcōs ā frātre interfectus est
  6. He spoke to me about your house in your presence.
    Dē domū tuā mihi cōram tē locūtus est. (Dē domō…)
  7. He went round about the city, and saw the walls.
    Per urbem circum īvit et moenia vīdit.
  8. He came towards me, and called out, “Who is in the city?”
    Ad mē vēnit et clamāvit “Quis est in urbe?”
  9. The camp is on this side of the river, the army is beyond the city.
    Castra cis flūmen sunt, exercitus ultrā urbem.
  10. On account of the war no one goes outside the gates.
    Propter bellum nēmo extrā portās ēgreditur
  11. Besides these men we have no army in the city.
    Praeter hōs nūllum exercitum in urbe habēmus.
  12. We saw him on the road.
    In viā eum vīdimus.
  13. He was brought by the soldiers into the presence of the king.
    Ante rēgem ā mīlitibus adductus est.
  14. They escaped from prison without my knowledge. Insciō mē ex carcere ēlāpsī sunt
  15. They sailed past the island in a boat.
    In lintre praeter īnsulam nāvigāvērunt.
  16. We sailed as far as Spain (Hispania).
    Hispaniā tenus nāvigāvimus
  17. They live near the island of Corsica.
    Prope īnsulam Corsicam incolunt
  18. He did this in sight of all.
    Palam omnibus hoc fēcit.
  19. I did this because of my friendship towards you.
    Propter amīcitiam ergā tē hoc fēcī.
  20. Were you not going towards the city?
    Nōnne ad urbem ībātis?
  21. Men who live underground.
    Hominēs quī sub terrā habitant.
  22. He led an army over the mountains against the enemy.
    Super montēs exercitum in hostēs dūxit.
  23. After the battle they were killed outside the city walls in the presence of their friends.
    Post proelium extrā moenia cōram amīcīs interfectī sunt.
  24. Before daybreak they came close to (under) the walls of the town.
    Ante prīmam lūcem sub moenia urbis appropinquāvērunt.
  25. I killed him after these things, not on account of them.
    Post haec nōn propter haec eum interfēcī.

field, ager; gen. agri.
boat, linter; gen. lintris, f.
feast, cēna.
friendship, amīcitia.
prison, carcer, -is.
daybreak, prīma lux.
sail, navigare.

147

E
2. Marius, who was often elected consul, was a great general.
Marius, quī cōnsulem saepe creābātur, dux magnus fuit.

  1. Did I not teach you Greek?
    Nōnne tē linguam Graecam docuī**?**

F

  1. I asked you for their bread.
    Tē pānem eōrum rogāvī. Add carriage return

  2. They gave us their sailors and ships.
    Nōbīs nautās nāvēsque eōrum dedērunt. eōrum would mean of other people. I would expect suōs.

  3. We ourselves have been taught many things by him.
    Nōs ipsī multās rēs ab eō doctī sumusgarden, hortus, -i. Add carriage return

G

  1. Through his help I can now use my sword.
    Auxiliō eius nunc gladiō meō possum ūtī. (Decided for ēius everywhere?)
148

Thanks very much Bedwere.

I have incorporated your corrections in my previous post.

I had decided to write ēius everywhere. Is there a problem with that?

At the beginning of this thread you suggested "How about creating a Google doc (or something similar) and then a pdf to upload to our repository on archive.org?"http://discourse.textkit.com/t/north-and-hillard-latin-prose-composition-preliminary-exercises/19838/6

I have written the exercises in pages and have exported this as a pdf. How do I upload it to the textkit repository? Presumably I could also add a link to this thread for reporting problems or so that readers could see the discussions we had.

149

I had decided to write ēius everywhere. Is there a problem with that?

This point is pretty clear in Allen, page 39. The e is short. The first syllable is metrically heavy because the i is actually doubled. According to Allen, both Cicero and Caesar used to spell it as eiius.

So if you put a macron over the e you are marking the syllable and not the vowel. This would be inconsistent in general and specifically inconsistent with the previous hoc/hocce/hōc.

150

One option is to send me the pdf as an attachment to bedwere (at) yahoo (dot) com. Or you could open an account on archive yourself, upload the pdf, and we would simply link to it. In either case a link to provide feedback should be there.

151

I have uploaded a pdf of the solutions to archive.org. They can be downloaded here https://archive.org/details/north-and-hillard-latin-prose-composition-introductory-exercises. No preview is showing on the site. I don’t know whether thats my fault or whether the web site is generating a preview.

I have decided to leave eius as ēius to indicate that the syllable is long even though e is short. I can live with inconsistencies. Anyone who is interested can read about the possibilities here.

If I was starting this exercise again I would have been tempted to leave out macrons altogether. The vast majority of texts that we read don’t have them.

Once again many thanks to all those who have contributed.

152

Previews take some time to show up. Your work is now linked to in The Textkit Book Collection. Congratulations!

153

Too late now I suppose but when looking at K in the MayDay set I spotted 8 clamāvit—should be clāmāvit.

As to marking long vowels in general, why not follow the OLD?
Still in the K section I see nūllum in 11 and īnsulam in 17. Neither is marked as long in the OLD (for good reason, I’d say).

And why not eiius?

Incidentally, I find I do have the N&H book, but it doesn’t have these prelim. exx. [Originally the book was meant for Victorian schoolchildren, wasn’t it? It no longer seems fit for purpose. More fit for burning.]

154

It is never too late. Seneca can change the key and re-upload it to the Internet Archive any number of times.

155

And why not eiius?

The eiius spelling is cited in Allen, page 39 only as part of his argument to demonstrate that there is historical evidence to prove that the e is short; not to suggest that it be spelled that way today. In fact he states that it is redundant to write the double letter since there is no contrast with another Latin word that would have only one.

It is just a pronunciation issue. One has either read Allen or not to know how to pronounce the word.

156

That’s a strange argument. And if the i is actually doubled, and Caesar and Cicero wrote it so, …

157

A similar pronunciation/spelling thing in modern Italian.

peggio (worse) shows two g intervocalic and is pronounced doubly [ˈpɛʤʤo]

ogni (each) shows one gn intervocalic but is pronounced doubly [ˈoɲɲi]
gnocco (dumpling) with gn initial pronounced singly [ˈɲɔkko]

egli (he) shows one gl intervocalic but is pronounced doubly [ˈeʎʎi]
gli (the, m. pl.) with gl initial pronounced singly [ʎi]

The intervocalic i in Latin has similar issues.

158

Hi. Thank you all, and especially Seneca, for your excellent work! I’ve strated to work through this book, and your keys are very helpful! Here is a very insignificant error in the final version in ex. C 3:

You and your brother will be killed by the enemy.
Tu et filius tuus ab hostibus interficiemini

159

Thanks I am glad you find the Key helpful. Are you concerned about word order or something else?

160

I just thought that filius is “son” and brother is “frater”.