So far as I know, we usually don’t pronounce them at all - we refer to the equation as a whole. E.g., “Einstein’s equation” for E=mc², Newton’s law of universal gravitation for F = G((m1*m2) / r²). Given the fact that equations are often case sensitive, there is no good way to convey all the data verbally.
If I were to attempt to read those out loud, though, I would probably do it like this:
1.5 x 10^-2 W/kg - “One point five times ten to the negative second power Watts per kilogram”
2 x 10^3 W/kg - “Two times ten to the third power Watts per kilogram”
4 x 10^26 W - “Four times ten to the twenty-sixth power Watts”
2 x 10^-12 kg/m³ - “Two times ten to the negative twelfth power kilograms per cubic meter”
Those are the easy ones - no data is lost in reading aloud. The next ones are trickier.
F = G((m1*m2)/ r²) - For this one we have to expand the equation to minimize data loss:
F = G * m1/r² * m2/r² - “F = G times M-one over R squared times M-two over R squared” - this is slightly ambiguous, but the best I can do. If I were telling this equation to someone, I would just make sure that he knows that the second fraction is not in the denominator of the first.
a = v²/r - “A equals V squared over R”
v = sqrt((G * M) / r) - Is “sqrt” “square root”, or a string of variables? If “square root”, I would have just put it as ^0.5 (to the power of one half) to avoid ambiguity.
Anyway, if it’s square root: “V equals the square root of G over R times M over R” - this is also ambiguous.
M = (r * v²) / G - “M equals R over G times V squared over G”
[quote]PS: I’ve just (the day before yesterday) received my copy of the 4th edition-“Oxford Classical Dictionary”. It looks great (and due to its bulk serves as a great weapon against potential burglars).[quote]
If you ever need someone to keep an eye on it for you, I’m your man.