Here is the first exercise on active ἵστημι. In some phrases, I added alternative constructions in brackets. As always, I will be very grateful for your corrections and suggestions. They are of great use to me, and I hope somebody might find them useful as well. Here are the phrases.
Mardonius, the general of the Persians, tried to keep some cities in the Peloponnese away from alliance with the rest of the Greeks.
ὁ Μαρδόνιος, ὁ τῶν Περσῶν στρατηγός, ἐπειρᾶτο ἀφιστάναι (πόλεις τινας ἐν τῷ Πελοποννήσῳ) (τινας τῶν πόλεων τῶν ἐν τῷ Πελοποννήσῳ) ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν ἄλλων Ἑλλήνων συμμαχίας.
Put (pl.) at heads of state only honest and reasonable men.
προίστατε τῆς πόλεως μόνον δικαίους καὶ σώφρονας ἄνδρας.
By appointing just men as judges, you (pl.) save the entire state.
κατίσταντες δικαίους ἄνδρας δικαστὰς σῴζετε ὅλην τὴν πόλιν.
Boy, pay attention to the words of the teacher.
ὦ παῖ, ἐφίστη τὸν νοῦν τοῖς τοῦ διδασκάλου λόγοις.
Wherever the Phoenicians founded colonies on the mainland or on islands, they drove out those who lived there.
ὅπου ἐπείρου ἢ νήσων Φοίνικες ἀποικίας ᾤκιζον, ἐξανίστασαν τοὺς ἐκεὶ οἰκοῦντας.
Don’t try to deflect citizens from the laws that wise men have made.
μὴ πείρα ἀφιστάναι τοῦς πολιτὰς ἀπὸ τῶν νόμων θεμένων ὑπὸ σοφῶν ἀνδρῶν.
or
μὴ πείρα ἀφιστάναι τοῦς πολιτὰς ἀπὸ τῶν νόμων, οὕς σοφοὶ ἄνδρες ἔθεσαν.
The Greeks and Romans used to put up trophies after victory.
οἱ Ἕλληνες καὶ Ῥωμαῖοι νικήσαντες ἀνίστασαν τρόπαια.
If we put unwise men at the head of the state, we ourselves would justly be considered unwise.
εἰ (προισαταίημεν) (προισαταῖμεν) ἀνοήτους ἄνδρας τῆς πόλεως, νομιζοίμεθα ἂν ἀνόητοι.
Dear Michael,
Thank you very much for your corrections! They are all pretty clear and very helpful, as always! Not to mention the part of 8, which I simply forgot to translate, I’m especially thankful for 6. I really have tendency to forget that πειρῶμαι is middle and I’m still not much in command of perfect tense, so it was good to see it here. Thank you so much for your help!
Here is the second exercise on ἵστημι. As always, I will be very thankful for your corrections and suggestions.
This king would not only change the polity, but would also appoint other judges.
οὕτος ὁ βασιλεὺς οὐ μόνον μεταστήσει τὴν πολιτείαν, ἀλλὰ καὶ καταστήσει ἄλλους δικαστὰς
After the Argivians were put to flight, Creonte is said to have set watchmen to ensure that no one buried the corpse of Polynices.
Ἀργείων εἰς φυγὴν τραπομένων, Κρέων, λέγεται, φύλακας ἔστησε ἵνα μή τις τὸν Πολυνείκους σώμα θάπτοι.
Alcibiades persuaded Tissaphernes to revolt from the Lacedaemonians and make an alliance with Athens.
Ἀλκιβιάδης ἔπεισε Τισσαφέρνη ἀφιστῆναι ἀπὸ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ συμμαχίαν ποιῆσαι τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις (πρὸς τοὺς Ἀθηναίους).
When the Persians marched against Greece to ravage Athens, the Athenians, who dared oppose them, defeated them.
Πέρσων ἐπιστρατευόντων τῇ Ἑλλάδι ὥς ἀφανίσοντες τοὺς Ἀθήνας, οἱ Ἀθηναίοι τολμήσαντες αὐτοὺς ἀντιστῆναι, ἐνίκησαν.
There were 9 archons at the head of the Athenian state.
τῆς τῶν Ἀθηναίων πόλεως προεστήκεσαν ἐννέα ἄρχοντες.
We will put only the best commanders at the head of our army.
μόνον βέλτιστοὺς στρατηγοὺς τῆς στρατιᾶς προστησόμεθα.
(I’m not sure I’ve got it right. It seems that in active voice, it means to be appointed as leader and in middle and passive - to appoint someone as leader?)
Aeginians were driven out of their island by the Athenians.
οἱ Αἰγινήται ἐξανεστήσαντο (or should it be passive aorist? ἐξανεστάθησαν ? I’m a bit lost) ὑπὸ Ἀθηναίων ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου.
The Athenians and their allies, who had fallen away from the king, besieged Sestοs.
οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι καὶ οἱ σύμμαχοι αὐτῶν (οἱ) ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως ἀποστάντες, ἐπολιόρκησαν Σηστόν.
Those who change the existing (perf. and praes.) laws without reason put the state in the greatest danger.
οἱ ἄνευ λόγου παρεστηκότας νόμους μεθίσταντες, καθίστασι τῆν πόλιν εἰς μεγίστην κίνδυνον.
Not an easy exercise, Iulia, but well done for the most part, apart from a couple of strange gender slips.
I don’t know if the exercise wants the future for “would,” rather than βούλεται or opt.+αν.
τῶν Ἀργείων.
τραπομένων is middle, you want τραπέντων.
In English, Argives, and Creon.
Κ. λέγεται φύλακας στῆσαι
μή τις or μηδεὶς
νεκρόν (and σῶμα is neut.)
τῶν Π. ἐπιστρατευσάντων (aor.)
ὡς not ὥς
τὰς Ἀθ., and οἱ Αθηναῖοι
αὐτοῖς
προέστασαν
τοὺς βελτίστους
προστήσομεν active better. - Two aorists: ἔστησα (weak) transitive, ἔστην (strong) intransitive, cf. next.
ἐξανεστάθησαν OK, or εξάνεσταν (pl. of -ανέστη, quasi-passive); or ἐξελάθησαν (-ελαύνω)
ἑκ τῆς ν.
Del. αὐτῶν.
Rather than (οἱ) … ἀποστάντες, best use a relative clause
Dear Michael, thank you so much for your corrections and comments!!! There were a lot of things I couldn’t have noticed or explained myself. Your comments are really enlightening. Also, thank you very much for giving correct English names. Sometimes, if I forget to check it, I spell them terribly wrong. Finally, I really need to understand better transitive/intransitive meaning in different modes and tenses of ἵστημι. It seems so tricky.
Here are some follow-up remarks and modifications.
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It was my mistake in English. In the original exercise, there is future. But “would change” could be rendered as βούλεται μεταστῆναι … καταστήναι or opt.+αν. μετασταίη ἄν … κατασταίη ἄν
Of course it should be acc. + inf. with λέγεται and σῶμα is neutral!
But about “τραπομένω” I’m a bit puzzled. Logeion LSJ says for τρέπω III act.: put to flight ; pass., to be put to flight. Maybe I should have used passive aorist? But this form I’m afraid to imagine. τραφθέντῶν ?
I was confused by “when” and used imperfect, but of course 1) aorist is more logic here 2) the ex. is on aorist
I would also use aorist, but the Textbook asked to use pluperfect. Maybe I should have translated it into English by “had been appointed”. The textbook says that here pluperfect expresses the state as the result of prior action, something like “they had been appointed and they were”, but in Russian we just use past for all these.
You are right. To tell the truth, I’ve got totally confused. προΐστημι act. is to appoint as a leader. I need to get better acquainted with this topic.
In 2 yes aorist passive is what’s called for, not the middle. The usual aor.pass. is the strong form, ετράπην. The weak form ετράφθην is formally correct (and easy to recognize!) but not much used.
