I don’t think I’ve ever used or seen a future perfect since I started learning Latin 3/4 of a year ago. When do you use them? Are there any cases where you have to use them?
Future Perfect is the action that occurs before another action that has not yet taken place. I’ve translated them before, though not off the top of my head is a place where.
Hmm… that seems logical, that’s quite how you use it in English too. Like: Antequam te videbo, eum videro?
FP is formed from the future tense of sum tacked on to the perfect stem. It therefore looks rather like the perfect subjunctive (but it lackes this subjunctives long i in the first person plural, and second persons).
It’s used in rather more circumstances than its English counterpart. If you’re narrating a sequence, and future action is completed before another (When we arm the inhabitants, we shall conquer the Romans) the the future perfect is used in the when-clause. e.g.
Ubi/Si incolas armaverimus, Romanos superabimus
Interestingly, Latin does not do this in narration of past tense, when it uses ubi/antequam/postquam/simulac/ut but does with cum/quod/quia etc:
Simulac Caesarem vidi, domum properavi ut uxorem colloquar.
Amicum in Graecia non vidi quod in Asiam navigaverat.