In the Unit One notes, M&F state that when used as an adverb, ‘et’ means ‘even’.
So,
Et reginas poenas dabat. Even the queen was paying the penalty.
I must be missing something here, but, outside of context perhaps, what would prevent this from meaning And the queen was paying the penalty?
Et in your example does seem to be a conjunction, not an adverb. It seems it would be an adverb in a sentence such as this:
And (Et) the queen paid the penalty, even (et) as she paid the piper.
Nonne?
That is what I would’ve assumed, but the example is straight from the book. I wasn’t clear how to distinguish between it being used as a conjunction vs. adverb.
It would clearly be used as an adverb in a sentence such as regina et in suo regno poenas dabat “the queen was paying the penalty even within her own kingdom”.
moreland and fleischer’s book is a good one. i am just starting unit nine. i will give you a little advice- ACCEPT, DON’T FIGHT (surrender and win in other words) and don’t sweat the small stuff.
regarding your question, the context of a passage will determine the meaning of “et”. in the sentence you mentioned, sure, either version of “et” can work, there are no other sentences to form a context
word of advice bucko - when you get to the bottom of pg. 43 pay close attention to the section on ELLIPSIS ( the unwritten word). ellipsis crops up continually in all the exercises of all the units that follow
Assuming that’s the entire sentance, I’d except nam for a cross-sentance conjunction-y thing. Conext also, here, helps. Even the queen was paying the penalty- something queens don’t normally do.
I was studying that last night. Do the sentences read Fame is for women. Beauty is for women.?
And going forward, is sum the only verb which can be omitted or as I suspect any verb can?
For some reason, this was very difficult to grasp (may have been the late hour).
ellipsis can involve the omission of any verb, or any part of speech for that matter.