Classics exam papers with student answers from the 1880s

Hi all, I came across this interesting article online and wanted to share it.

You can see scans of what (primarily Eton) high school students from the 1880s were able to do in about 3 hours in exam conditions with no dictionaries etc., when faced with Latin prose and verse composition exercises. Someone found a stash of completed test papers from the King’s College, Cambridge entrance examinations of 1882 and 1883.

https://tcl.camws.org/sites/default/files/TCL%2012.1%20Keeline%20Final%20Draft.pdf

Cheers, Chad

Good find. Yes, they were amazing. If you’ve read many biographies of classicists (or simply accomplished men) educated from say 1700-1920, you come across many anecdotes illustrative of their level. Mary Beard’s quote at the beginning illustrates the amazing anxiety produced by the modern Oxbridge system in the face of this, “we’re just as good!” (lol) perfectly.

Early 20th century, or maybe a decade or two before, you start seeing concern about cribs becoming common (and then the cribs become ubiquitous, and finally standard course material).

The sorts of exams that they used, oral translation and so on, if you look at the table in that article, disappeared at some point around then (1900), I think. I don’t actually know for sure, but Oscar Wilde’s is the latest story I recall about a serious oral translation exam in Greek. [I’m open to correction on this by someone who has real data.] Enoch Powell’s biography describes written exams only (on Herodotus) for Oxford matriculation, if I remember correctly. C.S. Lewis has some essay (post-WWII? maybe) which discussed his concerns about the movement towards less rigorous, less objective, examination.

If you find these amusing, you may also be interested in some of the papers the excellent Antigone Journal has recently posted on Twitter. An example: https://twitter.com/antigonejournal/status/1548982179576905730

Somewhat pre-Victorian, but today I came across the following in the “Memoir of the Rev. Sydney Smith”. Speaking of Robert Smith, Sydney’s brother:

From Eton he went to King’s College, Cambridge, where (says a sketch of him written, I believe, by his friend Lord Carlisle, after his death,) “he added materially to the reputation for scholarship and classical composition which he had established at school; and if the most fastidious critics of our day would diligently peruse the three triposes which he composed in Lucretian rhythm, on the three systems of Plato, Descartes, and Newton, we believe that we should not run the least risk of incurring the charge of exaggeration, in declaring that these compositions in Latin verse have not been excelled sin Latin was a living language. Be this said with the peace of Milton and Cowley, with the peace of his fellow-Etonians, Grey and Lord Wellesley.”

Sydney, however, went to Winchester:

From thence he was sent, with his youngest brother, Courtenay, to the foundation at Winchester;–a rough and dangerous apprenticeship to the world for one so young; from which Courtenay ran away twice, unable to bear it. My father suffered here many years of misery and positive starvation. There never was enough provided, even of the coarsest food, for the whole school, and the little boys were of course left to fare as they could. Even in old-age he used to shudder at the recollections of Winchester, and I have heard him speak with horror of the wretchedness of the years he spent there: the whole system was then, my father used to say, one of abuse, neglect, and vice. It has since, I believe, partaken of the general improvement of education. However, in spite of hunger and neglect, he rose in due time to be Captain of the school, and, whilst there, received, together with his brother Courtenay, a most flattering but involuntary compliment from his schoolfellows, who signed a round-robin,* “refusing to try for the College prizes if the Smiths were allowed to contend for them, as they always gained them.” He used to say, “I believe, whilst a boy at school, I made above ten thousand Latin verses, and no man in his senses would dream in after-life of ever making another. So much for life and time wasted!”

  • To Dr. Warton, then Head Master or Warden of Winchester.

Notice the quote at the end about the ten thousand Latin verses in school.

I’ve also now come across the chapter about cribs in Tom Brown (bedtime reading lately for the girls) and I expect that the Dr. Arnold quotes about them (and much else in it) are real. But I’ll make a separate thread for some extracts there.

There’s a good selection of Sydney’s writings you might enjoy
Selected writings of Sydney Smith / edited by W.H. Auden.-- Faber 1957
It include the essay Too Much Latin and Greek, in which he suggests that “there are few boys who remain to the age of eighteen or nineteen in a public school without making about ten thousand Latin verses”