OK.
Exercitia Latina 1.
Chapter 8, exercises 12,13,14.
I know it’s to drill this stuff into our heads, but it seems like they are simply using this and that as definite article subsitutes.
My question is: Does this really occur in actual texts or is it, as I suspect, just for the benefit of learners?
Ex. Whose is the carrot? It is Paul’s carrot. This carrot belongs to Paul.
Exercises 12, 13 and 14 are about the use of quī , quae, quod. These are most certainly used a great deal in Latin and are not “definite article substitutes”. They are relative pronouns.
If you mean “hic haec hoc”. in ex. 15, these are demonstrative pronouns, and “they point to something that is near the speaker (compare the adverb hīc, “here”) and represent the English “this”.” That contrasts with the demonstrative " ille, illa, illud, which refers to something that is further away from the speaker and is represented by the English “that”." They are also used a great deal.
Does that make sense?
Kind of. I was referring to the third part of each of the questions in 12, 13 and 14. It’s all cui, cui, ei - quae, quae, ea etc. The ei and ea seem to be superfluous.
Ok, so in the first question of Ex. 12 we have:
Quis Rōmam it? Servus Rōmam it. Quis servus? Servus qui Rōmam it est Mēdus, servus improbus. Is servus Rōmam it.
I think the intention here is to be progressively more specific about the identity of the slave going to Rome.
So the first answer “Servus Rōmam it.” is “a slave is going to Rome”.
Quis servus? asks us to be more specific so we get the full answer “Servus qui Rōmam it est Mēdus, servus improbus.”
The penny then drops, and the final sentence then uses “is” as a demonstrative pronoun with the sense of “he is the slave” or “that’s the slave” going to Rome. I hope you can see see that this is rather different from simply a “substitute definite article”.
Can you see your way now to unraveling the use of is ea id in the other questions? If not just ask and we can try and help. A bit tricky.
OK, cheers.
Paul.
Thank you, Seneca, for posting an example of the actual Latin in question.
I just skimmed through the relevant chapter in Wheelock’s. I really appreciate your help, but I don’t want to make a nuisance of myself.
It seems to me one has to develop an instinct for this pronoun/adjective usage. I do, however, see flexibility (although I probably see more than there really is).
Paul.
Paul you are not making a nuisance of yourself. I think your questions will also help others.
I suppose one does have to develop an instinct but rather than trying to think of global definitions from the outset just concentrate on the specific examples which come up.
I find the following table from Kennedy"s revised latin primer (actually written by his daughters!) helpful.
But it isn’t complete.
I found a tiny paragraph in the huge Wheelock’s book:
We’ll see if that worked. I haven’t used one of these bulletin boards since the 90s.
Paul.
No, it didn’t work. So how does one post an image/link in here?
Have a look at this thread, you need to read to the end.
http://discourse.textkit.com/t/imgur-com/18739/1
The Wheelock is a good explanation. 
I’ll have to try again later.
Paul.
Hmm,
That seems to work (takes me right back).
Cheers.
Paul.
I just realised that one really needs to read the Grammatica Latina. It gives examples of what’s required in the exercise book.
Must try harder…
Paul.