I have been meaning to ask about the Greek words for “army.” So far, I know three:
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στρατός Masculine
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στρατία Feminine [edited: put the ρ back into the word]
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στράτευμα Neuter
Do writers use one more than the others, or are all three used?
It is στρατιά not στατία.
If you want to see how authors use these words you should consult a lexicon like LSJ. You can most conveniently do that on line here: https://logeion.uchicago.edu/λογεῖον . Just type in the word you want to look up.
The entry for στράτευμα is for example below. You can see how various authors use a word. In this entry A. means Aeschylus Hdt. Herodotus etc. Each word has a slightly different range of meanings. I wouldn’t worry about this for now. You should just use whatever Mastronarde suggests.
στράτ-ευμα [ᾰ], ατος, τό,
A. expedition, campaign, ἐφʼ Ἑλλάδα A. Pers. 758 (troch.); τὸ σ. τὸ ἐπὶ Σάμον Hdt. 3.49; διέφυγον τὸ σ. escaped the threatened invasion, Id. 8.112, cf. Ar. Lys. 1133.
II armament, army, host, Hdt. 7.48; ὑγιαίνω . . μετὰ τοῦ σ. OGI 453.10 (Epist. Antonii, i B.C.), cf. LXX 1 Ma. 9.34, al.; ὑπὲρ τιμῆς ἐλαίου τῶν ἐνταῦθα σ. Ostr. 1595 (iii A.D.), cf. Ev.Luc. 23.11, BGU 1564.5 (ii A.D.); πεζὸν σ. A. Pers. 469; διαπόντιον σ., i.e. composed of Asiatic mercenaries, Hermipp. 58; ἱππικόν X. Cyr. 3.3.26; πολιτικόν Id HG 5.4.41; ἱερὰ σ. SIG 880.7 (Pizus, iii A.D.): also, a naval armament, Th. 6.74; τὸ ναυτικὸν σ. Ἀχαιῶν S. Ph. 59.
2 = στρατός 2, the people, σ. Παλλάδος E. Supp. 601 (lyr.); φῦλα τρία τριῶν στρατευμάτων dub. l. in 653.
You may wish to see this thread: http://discourse.textkit.com/t/xenophon-vs/17704/8
(Though I’m not sure that mwh’s final point is supported. Compare Hellenica 1.2.15. στράτευμα feels closer to “soldiery”, though that’s not quite right.)
Εὐχαριστῶ!