2Thes 2:1-4 ἡ ἀποστασία ... ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας

2Th. 2:1 Ἐρωτῶμεν δὲ ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, ὑπὲρ τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡμῶν ἐπισυναγωγῆς ἐπ᾿ αὐτὸν 2 εἰς τὸ μὴ ταχέως σαλευθῆναι ὑμᾶς ἀπὸ τοῦ νοὸς μηδὲ θροεῖσθαι, μήτε διὰ πνεύματος μήτε διὰ λόγου μήτε δι᾿ ἐπιστολῆς ὡς δι᾿ ἡμῶν, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου· 3 Μή τις ὑμᾶς ἐξαπατήσῃ κατὰ μηδένα τρόπον. ὅτι ἐὰν μὴ ἔλθῃ ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας, ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας, 4 ὁ ἀντικείμενος καὶ ὑπεραιρόμενος ἐπὶ πάντα λεγόμενον θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα, ὥστε αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καθίσαι ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν θεός.

ἡ ἀποστασία πρῶτον καὶ ἀποκαλυφθῇ ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας

Thanks to Inter-Lib-Loan I have collected several decent commentaries[1] on 1-2 Thessalonians. My intent was to review the exegetical problems in the two letters with a focus on eschatology. This has been in the back of my mind for decades since the resurgence of end times themes in popular culture. I mistakenly told someone in the late 1980s that the end of the world stuff was over with, Hal Lindsey was toast after 1988. And then the Left Behind craze came along and totally upended that idea. Also I found serious people (Greek scholars) in far away places e.g, Finland, who were still advocating something vaguely similar to Walvoord-Pentecost.

I am not going to be talking about Left Behindism in this forum. Just going to do some greek exegesis of the Thessalonian correspondence. Never really done this before.

This morning I was reading the treatments of Thes 2:1-4 in the secondary literature. I found in Bruce1982:166-167 a discussion of ἡ ἀποστασία … ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας. The first time I read it Bruce irritated me, not the first time this has happened. I set Bruce aside and two days later read it again. Bruce contends that ἡ ἀποστασία and ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας represent (among other things) a massive revolt against civil authority. This isn’t a rogue interpretation, others agree. But Bruce puts an edge on it. Hard to explain, just a little two much emphasis. Like it was something he was amendment about. Perhaps In the 1970s while Bruce was writing this commentary in the background was the residual fallout from what happened[2] in North America and Western Europe in the the previous decade. I detect something personal about the way he expressed his views on ἡ ἀποστασία … ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας. My first reaction was to write him off as the kind of person who would have supported Nixon and Kissinger citing Romans 13. This is proof texting of the worst kind.

I am not ruling out that ἡ ἀποστασία … ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας has a political aspect to it. But Bruce expresses his view with a sort of vehemence which makes me suspect a subtext lingering just out of view.

It seems that Paul adequately defines the central feature of rebellion in verse four.

4 ὁ ἀντικείμενος καὶ ὑπεραιρόμενος ἐπὶ πάντα λεγόμενον θεὸν ἢ σέβασμα, ὥστε αὐτὸν εἰς τὸν ναὸν τοῦ θεοῦ καθίσαι ἀποδεικνύντα ἑαυτὸν ὅτι ἔστιν θεός. That is assuming that ἡ ἀποστασία and ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας are components of the same rebellion.

[1] FF Bruce 1982 WBC, C. Wanamaker, 1990 NIGTC, G. Fee 2009 NICNT, Weima 2014 BECNT and also a popular treatment G. Shogran 2012 ZEC.

[2]

We are obscene lawless hideous dangerous dirty violent …

We are forces of chaos and anarchy
PAUL L. KANTNER Jefferson Airplane

ἡ ἀποστασία is clearly something that Paul had discussed with them before, or was a common idea that he knew they were aware of.

A language question: Could ἀποστασία refer to the ἀποσταθῆναι in Daniel 12:11? ἀφ’ οὗ ἂν ἀποσταθῇ ἡ θυσία διὰ παντὸς καὶ ἑτοιμασθῇ δοθῆναι τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως, ἡμέρας χιλίας διακοσίας ἐνενήκοντα. This in turn refers back to Daniel 8:11-12, which seems very similar. The difficulty is whether we can expect that Paul would have used ἀποστασία to refer to this.

Yes, and that is why we are in the dark. We are listening in on a private conversation which started a long time before we tapped into the line. So like Stephen the professional listener in “The Long Room” (a recent Novel, I didn’t finish) we have to assume some hypothetical scenario which may be totally mistaken.

I think it is safe to assume Paul’s familiarity with the prophesy of Daniel. Not sure how popular it was among Pharisees but it was well represented among the Qumran texts. On the other hand the usage of ἀποσταθῇ in Dan. 12:11 OG [1] is used not in the absolute like ἀποστασία in 2Thes 2:3 but in reference to what was taken away, the sacrifice.


[1]
Dan. 12:11 OG: ἀφ᾿ οὗ ἂν ἀποσταθῇ ἡ θυσία διὰ παντὸς καὶ ἑτοιμασθῇ δοθῆναι τὸ βδέλυγμα τῆς ἐρημώσεως, ἡμέρας χιλίας διακοσίας ἐνενήκοντ

Dan. 12:11 Th: καὶ ἀπὸ καιροῦ παραλλάξεως τοῦ ἐνδελεχισμοῦ καὶ τοῦ δοθῆναι βδέλυγμα ἐρημώσεως ἡμέραι χίλιαι διακόσιαι ἐνενήκοντα.

NOTE Th. παραλλάξεως τοῦ ἐνδελεχισμοῦ LEH

παράλλαξις,-εως N3F 0-0-0-1-0-1
DnTh 12:11
change

ἐνδελεχισμός,-οῦ N2M 5-0-0-5-3-13
Ex 29:38,42; 30:8; Nm 28:6,23
continuity, persistency Sir 7:13; stereotyped rendition of ׃תמיד (τοῦ) ἐνδελεχισμοῦ perpetual, daily (sc. sacrifice) Ex 29:38; neol.
Cf. DANIEL 1966, 242.252-267; LUST 1992 (B)