pues mi pregunta va a lo del uso de los gerundios en los dos idiomas, pero comparados con el uso latino, es decir, ¿es válido el uso de los gerundios como la forma no personal que tenemos en el español que da una idea de constancia en el tiempo de la acción, como en la frase “estoy jugando”, o su uso es netamente sustantivo, como el que se le da en el inglés en frases como “playing is fun”?
no, they cant be used to indicate constancy in time. for that, the present is used. ludo means both juego and estoy jugando.
the gerund is used to represent the verb noun in 4 cases the genitive, the dative, the ablative and the accusative. (for the nominative the infinitive is used instead, like in spanish: ludere est delectabile = jugar es divertido). it does not correspond exactly to neither, for there situations in english, like the one you have given (playing is fun), that can be rendered by the gerund, and others in spanish that are to be rendered by the infinitive. hora est ludendi = es hora de jugar.
here are a comparision in all cases (just notice that delectabilis do not exactly correstpond to divertido/fun, in the abl example the latin form is passive, whereas the other 2 are active)
N = ludere est delectabile = jugar es divertido = playing is fun/to play is fun
G = hora est ludendi = es hora de jugar = it is playing time
D = hic puer est aptus ludendo = eso ninõ es apto para jugar = this boy is suited to play/for playing
Ab= Ludendo nos delectamini = divertimosnos jugando = we have fun by playing
Ac = pueri tibi missi sunt ad ludendum = los ninõs sonte enviados para jugar = the boys are sent you to play
i hope that by this comparisions the matter clear up
note: in latin the present participle is distinct in form (ludens, ludentis) a adjective of 3rd declension.
los q para nosotros son gerundios, para los anglo parlantes son participios presentes…
they are actually not the samething. spanish gerunds can be used as adverbs, whereas the english present participle solely work as a verbal adjective. compare: respondio leyendo el libro = he aswered reading the book, here he action of reading occurs at same time as the action of aswering. the person who aswers is the same who reads the book - they modify the subject. (the latin for this is: respondit librum legens
however in this example: batallando has evitado la muerte = by fighting you have evaded death (in latin: pugnando mortem vitavisti). in this case batallando/by fighting is the manner in which the death was avoided. had i writen fighting you have avoided death, annother meaning this would render: batallabas cuando has evitado la muerte