Is every caesura pronounced?
Does every line have a caesura?
What’s the consensus about pausing before an enjambed line?
Every line of dactylic hexameter in theory has a caesura in the third foot (occasionally in the second and fourth, though that may just be Latin). There may well be some “imperfect” lines in Homer (there are in the Aeneid), and he adhered slightly less rigidly to the rules of prosody than later poets; but the vast majority will have a caesura.
Typically when reading out a line you wouldn’t exaggerate the caesura, but it will “be there” when you read it out. Remember that a caesura is simply a case of words not colliding with the metre, so - especially for modern ears - you will often not hear the caesura immediately.
Yes there should be a slight pause before the next line, which is why enjambement will throw emphasis onto the first word of the next line - and also why a short syllable is licit at the end of a hexameter (the pause makes it a brevis in longo). But this is a story being told and the grammar will carry over the lines, so the pause shouldn’t be artificially long.
Hi, just to add, you can hear some modern performances (with different approaches on your questions) online, e.g. less pause at the caesura in Hagel’s Iliad 1 here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qAZg9aGbEU8
More pause at the caesura in Chamberlain’s Odyssey 1 here (check all the boxes at the top of the screen and then click the first word):
https://hypotactic.com/homer/odyssey/Od1.html
If you listen to Chamberlain’s Iliad 1, he takes a slightly different approach again.
https://hypotactic.com/homer/iliad1.html
Cheers, Chad