There are fifty four cards in a pack in four suits, of hearts, diamonds, clubs and spades. Each suit has thirteen cards: the ace, deuce, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine and ten and three court cards, the knave, queen and king.
In this game, the ace is the lowest card.
Sunt quinquaginta quattuor chartae in fasciculo, in quattuor familias divisae, corde ac rhombo trifolioque atque maculâ nigrâ. Omnis familia tredecim chartas habet: monadem, dyadem, ternionem, quaternionem, pentadem, senionem, septionem, ogdoadem, enneadem, decadem, et tres chartas imaginem humanam gerentes, milem, reginam regemque.
In hoc ludo, monas charta minima est.
Corrigenda: ogdoadem (non oggeadem) = ogdoas -adis
heptas -adis (non septio -onem)
"in quattuor familias divisae, cordis ac rhombis trifoliique atque maculae nigrae.
The OLD is referring to “words or their users” as subjects: e.g., “such and such a word means this.” This is not the usage you are looking for. What you want is to be found in exprimere at TLL s.u. 1790 coll. 62-73 (i.e., s.u. exprimere ad II.A.2.a.β). Since you are not likely to have the TLL to hand, it quotes among others the following examples: Cic. de orat. 2.90, Att. 8.11.1; Sen. epist. 6.6, 95.69; Tac. dial. 21.7; Plin. epist. 4.7.5, 9.22.1; Sidon. 1.1.2; etc. The meaning you want for ostendo would be found (but is not, so far as I can see) at TLL s.u. 1129 col. 32-1130 col. 42 (pars prior II.B.3). ostendere with a reflexive pronoun is indeed quite common, but in very different senses, which all the more militate against it being used in an unusual way here. Until I see a parallel, I would be very chary about your proposed usage.
There is also no need for et before quod in your signature.
Thanks very much, Didymus. I confess I’m convinced. Also, if it’s not too much trouble, what would you say are the worst instances of, or most illustrative of, strange latinity rather than ungrammatical latin, from the above passages? I know it would help me (perhaps others, too?).
Multas gratias, Didyme. Me convictus esse fateor. Etiam, si tibi non nimìs molestum sit, Didyme, quae exemplaria latinitatis meae in locis suprá, quamvìs grammaticè bona, ratione scribendi pessima sint, dicas? Id me adjuvet, scio (fortassè alios, quoqué?).
“Penso” cum accusativo, numquam cum genitivo; “ad” cum accusativo, numquam cum genitivo. Ad + gerundium + object —> ad+gerundivum+subject (necessarily). Gerund is noun, but it takes an object, not supplement in genitive. In the case that prepositional gerund is used, the transition to prepositional gerundive is necessary
The conditional sentence that you used is of course correct. I just thought that the meaning is like in english: if I were a doctor, I would save a lot of lives. So, in our case: If that falled, it would … (But it is not going to…)
Your condition describes something that is propable to hapen in future; mine something that could happen in present, but it does not happen.
Well, what I was trying to say was that, when you have “ad” + gerund, the gerund in the accusative never itself takes an accusative (a direct object), following A&G§506,n.2, and A&G give the example “ad parendum senatui”. I thought I could use a qualifying genitive, but what you say about that I understand: “Don’t do it, but use the gerundive instead.” Understood, and thanks, Salvator.
Dicere ‘ad cum genetivo’ non volui. Me malè expressi, sine dubitó. Quod licet ut verbum adjectum casu genetivo ad gerundium adiciatur putavi. Sed quod tu dicis intellego: “Noli id facere, magis gerundivo utere.” Intellego et gratias tibi ago, Salvator.
milem => militem ? What does “knave” or “jack” mean in english? Wouldn’t it be ok to use “centurio” or “tribunus”, or perhaps “princeps” for “knave”?
WHy ablative for “corde ac rhombo trifolioque atque maculâ nigrâ”?
And why not “clava” for “club”?
“Pareo” + dativus (obey to, comply to…). Dative is the object. Prepositional gerunds become gerundives only if they have an object in accusative, and in this case the conversion is obligatory.
ad interficiendum uxorem —> ad uxorem interficiendam
uxorem interficiendi causa —> uxoris inteficiendae causa
liber de inteficiendo uxorem —> liber de uxore inteficienda
If the object is in another case, the conversion never takes place. The same if you have no object, or if the object is something else, e.g. an infinitive.
in parendum senatui —> XXXX
dictum de subveniendum reipublicae —> XXXX
ad cupiendum interficere uxorem —> XXXX
“Pareo” cum dativo…
Semper gerundium cum prepositione et accusativo in gerundivum converte.
ad interficiendum uxorem —> ad uxorem interficiendam
uxorem interficiendi causa —> uxoris inteficiendae causa
liber de inteficiendo uxorem —> liber de uxore inteficienda
Si gerundio cum quo alio casu uti velis vel cum nullo casu (e.g. cum infinitivo), numquam gerundium in gerundivum converteris.
in parendum senatui —> XXXX
dictum de subveniendum reipublicae —> XXXX
ad cupiendum interficere uxorem —> XXXX
miles = knight. Ità est. Malè scripsi. “Militem” est. clava for club or pila for spade from Italian spado in cards??
Implicitly, I’m not translating English words but trying to give the Latin terms that are authentic,—that were used historically. Implicitè, anglicos sermones in latinos convertere non volo, sed me authentica verba latina dare conor,—verba quae historicè adhibitebantur.
Oh. Idiomatically, ablative here for “the suit in diamonds” “familia rhombo”, to suggest how to say “ace of diamonds” = “monas rhombo”. Maybe genitive could be used, but I haven’t seen it. I have seen ablative. Usum genetivi non adhùc vidi. Ablativum vidi *** Equally, I could just be making a big mistake here!!! Aequè, fortè hîc admodùm erro, ut aliàs!!!
I am afraid that this will have to wait for another day. In any event, neither you nor anyone else should be too fastidious about writing Latin – otherwise nothing would ever be written.
I reply in another thread, Salvator. Responsum alio filo do. http://discourse.textkit.com/t/playing-cards-in-latin-and-in-your-language/8294/1
I checked Pexenfelder again and he uses the genitive for such as “genus cordis”, and I can’t put my finger on the early 17th-century passage I thought used the ablative, so I will definitely change to genitive. Locum in quo casu ablativo familae chartularum ostenduntur invenire non possum. Fortassè id malè memoriâ teneo, quià verò Pexenfelderus casu genitivo scribit, et perperàm aliter credi.
Chess (so called after the Persian word for a king) is a board game for two. The board has sixty-four squares with eight in each side. Squares are alternatively white and black. One player has sixteen black pieces, the other sixteen white pieces. Each player has a king, a queen, a couple of rooks, a pair of bishops, a couple of knights and eight pawns.
A king can move one square in any direction; a queen, any number of squares in any cardinal direction; a rook, north, south, east and west; a bishop, diagonally; a knight, two squares north, south, east or west and one square to the side. When any pawn is first moved, it can travel one or two squares forward; thereafter, it moves only one square forward. However, when capturing another piece, the pawn always moves one square diagonally.
The object of the game is to capture the opponent’s king.
Ludus latrunculorum (vulgò schachus de verbo persico pro rege) est tabulae ludus duobus. Tabula sexaginta quattuor tessellas habet, cuius in utro latere octo. Tessellae nigrae cum albis alternant. Habet alter lusor sedecim calculos nigros, alter sedecim albos. Utrimquè sunt rex, regina, bini duces, par episcoporum, bini milites atque octo pedites.
Rex una tessella in aliqua directione movere potest; regina, aliquo numero in aliquâ directione principi; dux, in aliquâ directione rectâ; episcopus in directione diagonale; miles, duobus tessellis in aliquâ directione rectâ et unâ à latere. Cum quisdam pedes primò movet, unâ vel duobus tessellis porrò ire potest; exinde, porrò unâ solùm tessellâ movet. Semper autem calculo capiendo, pedes unâ tessellâ diagonale movet.
In the bathroom, you have a bath in the bath or a shower in the shower, wash your hands and face with soap in the washhand basin and shave with a razor and shaving-brush (or a can of shaving foam). In a modern house, the hot-water tank is immediately above the bathroom. It supplies hot water to the hot-water tap. In former times, water was brought in a basin.
You go to the toilet to defecate or urinate. To defecate, you lower the toilet seat and sit on it. Men often raise the toilet seat to stand while urinating. You wipe your bottom with toilet paper or use a bidet to wash yourself. After having gone to the toilet, you pull the toilet chain or turn the handle to flush it. A toilet brush is used to wipe the toilet bowl (which is normally porcelain). Then you wash your hands and dry them with a towel.
Balneolum et Latrina
In balneolo, in labro balneo lavas vel balneolo pluvio uteris, faciem sapone in labello lavas, novaculâ scopulâque tonsoriâ (vel vasculo pastae tonsoriae) abradis. Domo moderno, cisterna aquae calidae rectâ suprâ balneum est. Ea aquam calidam ad epitonium aquae calidae suppeditat. Olim, aqua in aquaemanali afferebatur.
In latrinam is ut defaeces vel mingas. Ut defaeces, jugum sellae deprimis et in eam sedes. Viri saepè jugum levant ut stent dum mingunt. Podicem chartis hygienicis tergis, vel scaphium adhibes ut te laves. Ventre vesicâve exoneratâ, vinculum cisternae tractas vel manubrium torques, ut sellam purges. Adhibetur scopula latrinae ad vas sellae tergendum (quod vas murrhinâ vulgò est). Tunc manus lavas et eas manteli siccas.
Astrology is an occult science based on the belief that our lives are influenced by the movements of the sun, moon, stars and planets through the narrow band in the sky called the zodiac across twelve particular constellations. There are four types of astrology, all involving calculations of the positions of the heavenly bodies, and respectively seeking to know: (1) when will be a favourable time to do something; (2) the answer to a specific problem using current positions; (3) an individual’s personality and fate from positions when he or she was born; (4) the fates of peoples, nations and the world as a whole.
Astrologia est scientia occulta et in hâc fide condita, quod finguntur vitae nostrae motibus solis ac lunae stellarumque atque planetarum per zonam angustam in caelis, zodiacum nomine et eius quasdam duodecim constellationes. Sunt quattuor genus astrologiae, quorum omnis requirit ut positiones corporum caelestum calculentur. Rogat primum quandò propitium ad agendum sit ; secundum positionibus currentibus responsum ad quandam quaestionem; tertium natûs positionibus temporis ad personam sortemque cuiusdam sciendam; quaternum ad fatos sciendos gentium nationumque atque in toto mundi.
Alchemy is the art and science of transforming substances. A forerunner of modern chemistry, Alchemy pictures all substances as composed of only a few elements, usually four: Earth, Air, Fire and Water, with different qualities. Changes in the qualities of a substance, such as colour, was a sign that the material had been changed into another. Many believed that it was theoretically possible for any material to be converted into gold. In fact, modern science confirms this, but it also confirms that the energy required to do so would be far too costly.
Alchemia est ars scientiaque materias mutandi. Praecursor chimiae modernae, pingit alchimia omnes substantias ut solùm quattuor elementis compositas, vel terrâ vel aëre vel igne vel aquâ, et qualitates varias habentibus. Sit signum mutandi ex materiâ quâdam in aliam qualitates ut colorem mutatas esse. Multes erant qui quamque materiam in aurum mutari quire credebant. Verùm, scientia moderna id non negat, sed energiam quae sic in faciendo requisita sit immodicissimi constaturam fore monstrat.
A recitation is a song or poem given by a singer or reciter. A hexameter is a type of poem each of whose lines is divided into six feet. A foot is a measure of time. We say that the hexameter has a meter of six feet. The rhythm of the hexameter is that of a waltz, in which the initial beat corresponds to a long syllable followed immediately by either a couple of short syllables or a single long syllable. The last foot of a line may be a exception; if the writer prefers, he can instead put a single short syllable after the ictus there.
A syllable is either short or long,—and long either by nature or by position. When calculating the quantities of syllables, make sure to ignore the spaces between words on the same line. By a process called elision, syllables are collapsed together when one ending in a vowel is preceded by another on the same line starting with a vowel or the letter “h”.
Cantus est carmen vel poema quam cantator canit. Hexameter est genus cantûs cuius omnis linea in sex pedes divisa est. Pes mensura temporis est. Dicimus hexametrum metrum sex pedum habere. Rhythmus hexametri est ille tripudi [vel saltationis in gyrum vel choreae Vindoborensis?] in quo ad syllabam longam competit ictus princeps qui dein duplicibus syllabis brevibus vel simplice longâ secutus est. Exceptio sit pes qui lineam terminat; si praeferat compositor cantûs, ibi simplicem syllabam brevem post ictum ponat.
Syllaba aut brevis aut longa est,—et longa naturâ vel positione. Quantitates syllabarum in calculando, cave negligas spatios inter vocales intrà eandem lineam ignorare. Processu elisione nomine, generaliter syllabae in eâdem lineâ quarum prima in vocali terminans secundam in vocali vel “h” litterâ incipientem praecedit in unam syllabam coalescunt.
Open-air games are played outside. Tag is a child’s game in which everyone runs, one chases and whoever is caught in turn has to do the chasing. Another is “King of the Castle” where you climb up and shout or chant until knocked down, whereupon roles are swopped. In English, this couplet is chanted, “I’m the King of the Castle, You’re a Dirty Rascal.” Football and handball are games for both adults and children. Track-and-field sports are, of course, generally individual, competitive open-air games. They include the long-jump, high-jump, and running and throwing events. The relay race is the only team track-and-field event. Most game-players are amateurs; the rest are professional.
Aperti Ludi
Ludi aperti foris luduntur. Ludus puerilis est diffugium, quô omnes fugiunt, unus captitat et quicunque captus est vice fit eum qui captitare debet. Alius est “Rex Castelli” quô ascendis et clamas vel canis, usque dum deturbaris, dehinc partes permutabuntur. Olim latinè recitabatur hoc distichon: “Rex erit qui rectè faciet; Qui non faciet, non erit.” Et adultibus et liberis est pedifolle et manufolle ludere. Athletica campestris curriculique certè ludi ferè singulibus agonistis aperti sunt. Hîc includuntur certaminia saltûs in longum et in altum, cursûsque ac jactûs. Solum turmae certamen in campo curriculove est cursus antecessorum. Magna pars lusorum est cultorum voluptariorum; reliqua quaestum sic facit.
