Matthew 26:18

ὁ δὲ εἶπεν Ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὸν δεῖνα καὶ εἴπατε αὐτῷ Ὁ Διδάσκαλος λέγει > Ὁ καιρός μου ἐγγύς ἐστιν πρὸς σὲ> . ποιῶ τὸ πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου.

I think πρὸς σὲ goes with ἐστιν rather than with ποιῶ . So I would translate as follows:

He said, Go into the city to an acquaintance and tell him, The Teacher says, My appointment with you is near . I will observe the Passover with my disciples .

I’ve tried reading it the other way but it doesn’t make sense to me:

He said, Go into the city to an acquaintance and tell him, The Teacher says, My hour is near. With you I will observe the Passover with my disciples .

It renders both sentences unintelligible, especially the second one. I can’t honestly bring myself to translate πρὸς σὲ as “at your house/place.”

Any thoughts ?

I almost feel like we have to read in a verb of motion. Notice the parallel to Exodus 12:48:

προσέλθῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ποιῆσαι τὸ πασχα

I’ve snipped some words – it’s talking about a proselyte coming to celebrate Passover with them.

It’s interesting to me that Mark and Luke have the miraculous version of this story, while Matthew makes it into a pre-arranged meeting.

If we assume an action verb we will get the following:

Ὁ Διδάσκαλος λέγει Ὁ καιρός μου ἐγγύς ἐστιν· [> προσέρχομαι> ] πρὸς σὲ > ποιῶ > τὸ πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου.

It still doesn’t make sense on account of ποιῶ which we would then need to change to the infinitive ( ποιῆσαι or an equivalent).

My thought was ἐλθὼν instead of a finite verb. I could be wrong, of course.

No Joel you’re right. It’s known as a “pregnant” construction. The motion implied by the prepositional phrase precedes the action of the main verb. Cf. e.g. Mk.13.9 εις συναγωγας δαρησεσθε.

τον δεινα is very curious.

It seems to me to be the equivalent of παρὰ σοί, apud te in Latin (which is precisely how Jerome rendered it). However, I’m curious about your curiosity. Do you meant that the usage of word itself is curious, or that’s its presence in the narrative is curious?

Interesting. Does Gospel of Matthew assume a participle anywhere else ? It would strengthen your case if you can show precedent.

The difference is that in Latin that’s a well attested idiom for “at your house.” The same is true of the French preposition chez for example, as in “to the house of.” Hence chez moi – at my house, chez lui – at his house, chez le boucher – at the butcher’s shop, etc.

When does the Greek πρὸς ever function like this to mean “-- house of” in the GNT, and indeed in Koine literature ?

Mk: καὶ τῇ πρώτῃ ἡμέρᾳ τῶν ἀζύμων
Mt: τῇ δὲ πρώτῃ τῶν ἀζύμων

Mk: ὅτε τὸ πάσχα ἔθυον
Mt:

Mk: λέγουσιν αὐτῷ οἱ μαθηταὶ αὐτοῦ
Mt: προσῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ τῷ Ἰησοῦ λέγοντες

Mk: ποῦ θέλεις ἀπελθόντες ἑτοιμάσωμεν ἵνα φάγῃς τὸ πάσχα
Mt: ποῦ θέλεις ἑτοιμάσωμέν σοι φαγεῖν τὸ πάσχα

Mk: καὶ ἀποστέλλει δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ
Mt:

Mk: καὶ λέγει αὐτοῖς
Mt: ὁ δὲ εἶπεν

Mk: ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν
Mt: ὑπάγετε εἰς τὴν πόλιν

Mk: καὶ ἀπαντήσει ὑμῖν ἄνθρωπος κεράμιον ὕδατος βαστάζων ἀκολουθήσατε αὐτῷ καὶ ὅπου ἐὰν εἰσέλθῃ
Mt: πρὸς τὸν δεῖνα

Mk: εἴπατε τῷ οἰκοδεσπότῃ
Mt: καὶ εἴπατε αὐτῷ

Mk: ὅτι ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει
Mt: ὁ διδάσκαλος λέγει

Mk: ποῦ ἐστὶν τὸ κατάλυμά μου ὅπου τὸ πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου φάγω καὶ αὐτὸς ὑμῖν δείξει ἀνάγαιον μέγα ἐστρωμένον ἕτοιμον καὶ ἐκεῖ ἑτοιμάσατε ἡμῖν
Mt:

Mk:
Mt: Ὁ καιρός μου ἐγγύς ἐστιν· πρὸς σὲ ποιῶ τὸ πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου.

Mk: καὶ ἐξῆλθον οἱ μαθηταὶ καὶ ἦλθον εἰς τὴν πόλιν καὶ εὗρον καθὼς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς,
Mt: καὶ ἐποίησαν οἱ μαθηταὶ ὡς συνέταξεν αὐτοῖς ὁ Ἰησοῦς

Mk: καὶ ἡτοίμασαν τὸ πάσχα
Mt: καὶ ἡτοίμασαν τὸ πάσχα

Should I ask what is the point of all these citations ?

I wouldn’t call that a bunch of citations. It’s the story that we’re looking at now, with the parallel Mark story interleaved.

If Matthew were working from Mark here, or a similar source, then it may tell us about his thought process when he wrote down πρoϲτoνδεινα and προϲϲε.

O.K…

Not a bad methodology, assuming Marcan priority. Do you have any conclusions or insights derived from this so far?

προς σέ ~ παρα σοί: yes undoubtedly but the fact that it’s the one and not the other needed to be explained.
τον δεῖνα: Both. This is probably not the best place to discuss but I trust you’ll agree it’s very odd (all the more so if Mark came first, but that’s by the way). I haven’t looked up Jerome.

Could this be an outline for some early liturgy/passion play, one that would use the participant’s name? (Perhaps the name of whoever was hosting the communion meal.)

But, more prosaically, what’s wrong with understanding δεῖνα as a particular person that Jesus had in mind, but whose name the Gospeler did not know or choose not to report. “Go into the city, to so-and-so.”

Jerome:

At Jesus dixit: Ite in civitatem ad quemdam, et dicite ei: Magister dicit: Tempus meum prope est, apud te facio Pascha cum discipulis meis.

Not so sure that I agree, but I’d like to see you unpack it. As a general principle, although Matthew has more material overall, he tends to be more sparse in his recounting of the same events that Mark also reports, and I’ve always looked at this as just such an example. But if you have another explanation I’d love to hear it.

Had the author of Matthew wanted to say “I will eat the Passover meal with my disciples at your house” he would have written something along the following lines: ποιῶ τὸ πάσχα μετὰ τῶν μαθητῶν μου ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ σου

ref:

οὐδὲ καίουσιν λύχνον καὶ τιθέασιν αὐτὸν ὑπὸ τὸν μόδιον, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ τὴν λυχνίαν, καὶ λάμπει πᾶσιν τοῖς > ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ> .

Matthew 5:15


καὶ ἐσκανδαλίζοντο ἐν αὐτῷ. ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν αὐτοῖς Οὐκ ἔστιν προφήτης ἄτιμος εἰ μὴ ἐν τῇ πατρίδι καὶ > ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ.

Matthew 13:57

etc..

Jerome is unreliable in matters pertaining to Greek grammar and translation. For instance even though the Latin versions of his day as a rule rendered μονογενὴς as “unicus” / “only” he translated the term as "unigenitus’ / “only-begotten” only in the six verses where it refers to Jesus, retaining the Latin “unicus” for when the word does not refer to Jesus.

The problem with that is that the Gospeler presents the words as Jesus’ own.

Jerome’s ad quemdam (thanks Barry) is fudge. It doesn’t really correspond to προς τον δεινα (it’s not προς ανθρωπόν τινα), which should mean something more like jeidsath’s “to so-and-so.” Do you have an explanation Barry?

quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, and subst. quiddam, pron. indef., a certain, a certain one, somebody, something

Lewis, C. T., & Short, C. (1891). Harpers’ Latin Dictionary (p. 1511). New York; Oxford: Harper & Brothers; Clarendon Press.

δεῖνα , ὁ, ἡ, τό (Thu., Aristoph. et al.; pap, Aq., Sym.) a pers. or thing one cannot or does not wish to name, so-and-so, somebody, in our lit. only masc. a certain man Mt 26:18.

Arndt, W., Danker, F. W., & Bauer, W. (2000). A Greek-English lexicon of the New Testament and other early Christian literature (3rd ed., p. 215). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Coming up with an alternate suggestion as to how the writer might have expressed the concept does not mean that what Jerome rendered was a “fudge.” It appears to me to be an adequate rendering. δεῖνα might be an Atticism, but it also appears not infrequently in the papyri.