This is the template for 12β of Athenaze. Good luck!
Exercise 12θ
Don’t forget to fill out verb charts as we go along. In this lesson, you should do one for ἀποκτείνω and ἀποκρίνομαι in the aorist.
Exercise 12ι
Change these into the aorist, keeping the same person, number and gender as appropriate. There is one that says it has two options. Provide both options.
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Exercise 12κ
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Exercise 12λ
Change all of these to the aorist first-person singular.
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Exercise 12μ
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Exercise 12ν
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QUESTION: Do you think the second part of each chapter should be broken up into two parts? Is this too much for one thread?
What do you guys make of the combination of μέλλω and the future infinitive, as in the second paragraph of the reading of 12β? This is the line:
ἆρ᾿ οἶσθα εἴ τις ναῦς πάρεστι μέλλουσα πρὸς τὴν Ἐπίδαυρον πλεύσεσθαι; Do you know if there is here a ship being about (μέλλουσα) about to sail (πλεύσεσθαι) to Epidaurus?
Why would the idea of “about to” be repeated here? Both μέλλω and the future infinitive carry the idea of “about to,” so it seems redundant to me. It could have been written as either of the following:
… εἴ τις ναῦς πάρεστι μέλλουσα πρὸς τὴν Ἐπίδαυρον πλεῖν/πλεῦσαι; (with the present or aorist infinitive)
… εἴ τις ναῦς πάρεστι πρὸς τὴν Ἐπίδαυρον πλευσομένη; (without μέλλω)
Both of these options would still retain the “about to” sense without redundancy. Would you agree?
Lying upon the ground, grandfather wished to sleep. ἠθέλησε(ν). Sigmatic first aorist. Irregular. Behaves like an α or ε contract (α/ε ▸η before sigma of first aorist).
But running toward him, Philip roused him. προσδραμών. Second aorist. Stem change (pres. τρεχ- ▸ aor. δραμ-). ἤγειρε(ν). Liquid. Asigmatic first aorist. Irregular. Stem change (fut. ἐγερ- ▸ aor. ἐγειρ-).
He said, “Why did you rouse me, boy?” And Philip said, “A wolf is rushing upon the sheep.” ἤγειρας. Liquid. Asigmatic first aorist. Irregular. Stem change (fut. ἐγερ- ▸ aor. ἐγειρ-). ἔφη. Irregular from φημί (ἔφην, ἔφησθα, ἔφη, ἔφαμεν, ἔφατε, ἔφασαν). There seems to be ambiguity among aorist and imperfect forms. Thus, Attic writers tended to use ἔφησα etc. for the aorist and ἔφασκον (from φάσκω) for the imperfect. See LSJ on φημί for more information. Note that LSJ lists ἔφην as aorist, even though the Perseus search tool lists it as imperfect. The Sphinx paradigms also list ἔφην as imperfect and have ἔφησα as a first aorist.
Grandfather said, “Call Argos and ward off the wolf from the sheep.” κάλεσον. Irregular. The contract vowel (ε) is not lengthened before the σ of the first aorist (καλέω ▸ ἐκάλεσα). Cp. λῦσον. ἔφη. See above (#3). ἄμυνον. Nasal. Asigmatic first aorist. Cp. λῦσον.
So having called Argos, Philip hurried up the hill. καλέσας. See above (#4). Cp. ποιήσας. ἔσπευσε(ν). Regular first aorist. Stem δ drops before σ of the tense formative. (ἔ-σπευδ-σα ▸ ἔσπευσα).
So while Argos, barking wildly, chased the wolf, Philip, having picked up stones, pelted it. ἐδίωξε(ν). Regular first aorist. Stem κ combines with σ of the tense formative (ἐ-δίωκ-σα ▸ ἐδίωξα). ἄρας. Liquid. Asignmatic first aorist. ἔβαλε(ν). Liquid. Second aorist. Stem change (pres. βαλλ- ▸ aor. βαλ).
And soon Argos took the wolf with his teeth, and Philip killed it with his dagger. ἔσχεν. Irregular. Aorist of ἔχω. ἀπέκτεινε(ν). Irregular. Nasal. Asigmatic first aorist. Stem change (fut. ἀποκτενε- ▸ aor. ἀποκτειν-). Cp. μενῶ (future) ▸ ἔμεινα (aorist).
Having arrived at the top of the hill, grandfather said, “Well indeed have you (pl) bravely warded off the wolf from the sheep. ἀφικόμενος. Irregular. Second aorist middle (ἀφῑκόμην). Notice that the long ι (ῑ) represents the augmentation in this verb. ἔφη. See above (#3). ἠμύνατε. See above (#4). Cp. ἐλύσατε.
“And now you stay here, while I will return home; for I want to announce to your mother what happened.” μεῖνον. Nasal. Asigmatic first aorist. Cp. λῦσον. ἐπάνειμι. Irregular future (εἶμι = “I will go”). βούλομαι. Regular present indicative middle/passive. ἀγγεῖλαι. Liquid. Asigmatic first aorist. Stem change (pres. ἀγγελλ- ▸ aor. ἀγγειλ-). Cp. λῦσαι. ἐγένετο. Nasal. Irregular aorist indicative middle. Stem change (pres. γιγν- ▸ aor. γεν- – that is, γίγνομαι ▸ ἐγενόμην).
So, it seemed right to Philip to lead the sheep into the sheepfold. ἔδοξε(ν). Irregular. Loss of contract vowel (pres. δοκε- ▸ fut./aor. δοκ- – that is, δοκεῖ ▸ δόξει/ἔδοξε(ν)). Impersonal third-person. εἰσελάσαι. Irregular. Stem change (pres. ἐλαυν- ▸ aor. ἐλα-).
Exercise 12λ
προσχωρέω → προσεχώρησα
ἐκπέμπω → ἐξέπεμψα
ἀποφεύγω → ἀπέφυγον
ἀποκρίνομαι → ἀπεκρινάμην / ἀπεκρίθην
εἰσπέμπω → εἰσέπεμψα
ἀποκτείνω → ἀπέκτεινα
εἰσκομίζω → εἰσεκόμισα
συνέρχομαι → συνῆλθον
συλλαμβάνω → συνέλαβον
Exercise 12μ
Having lifted the stones, the slaves threw them out of the field.
Having led the oxen out of the field, the master summoned the slaves.
Whereas the master sent the slaves away, he himself remained in the field.
Having abandoned the plow in the field, the slaves quickly returned home.
Having seen her father, the girl quickly approached and asked why he was (historical present) not returning home.
And he answered that it was necessary (historical present) to be plowing the field.
The young men did not run away, but instead they fought bravely.
The messenger announced that many had died in the battle.
Having prepared the ship, the sailors sailed out of the harbor.
Fearing the storm, it seemed right to the captain to return to the harbor.
The grandfather, lying on the ground, wished to sleep.
But Philip running towards (him) woke him.
And he (said) “Why did you wake me,” and Philip said “A wolf is throwing itself (ie attacking) against the sheep.”
And the grandfather said “Call upon Argos and ward off the wolf from the sheep”.
Philip therefore having called Argos rushed up the hill.
While therefore Argos fiercely barking pursued the wolf, Philip seizing stones pelted it.
7 ) And, shortly, Argos had the wolf by his teeth and Philip with a sword killed it.
8 ) The grandfather arriving at the top of the hill said “Well done! you lot have warded off the wolf from the sheep.
9 ) And now you stay here and I will return home, for I want to announce to (your) mother what happened.
10 ) Philip decided (it seemed to Philip fitting) to drive the sheep into the sheep pen.
Exercise μ
The slaves having picked up the stones threw them out of the field.
The master drove the oxen into the field having called the slaves.
The master, while sending away the slaves, remained in the field.
The slaves, leaving the plow behind, quickly returned home.
The maiden having seen her father approached and asked why he wasn’t returning home.
6)And he replied that it was necessary to plow the field.
7 ) The youths did not flee but bravely fought.
8 ) The messenger announced that many in the battle had died.
9 ) The sailors having got ready sailed out of the harbor.
The captain fearing the storm decided to return to the harbor.
This is my work so far: Exercise 12κ
The book says “Identify liquid, nasal and irregular stems” so I wrote notes below each sentence
Grandfather, lying on the ground, wanted to sleep ἠθέλησε: irregular aor. with liquid verb stem + η + σε
but: what’s the difference between ἤθελε (he kept wishing to manage some sleep?) and this
aorist (he had decided before lying/while he was lying he made up his mind?) or am I just taking
it too seriously?
But Philip approached and woke him up. προσδραμών: aorist part. of προστρέχω – preceding action ἤγειρεν: liquid stem, loss of sigma and comp. lengthening - completed action, perfective aspect
And the father asked: “Why did you wake me up, son?” Philip answered: “A wolf is attacking the
sheep”. ἤγειρας: see ἤγειρεν in stc. N. 2 ἔφη: from φημί, perfective aspect
And the grandfather: “Call to Argos, he said, and ward off the wolf from the sheep.” κάλεσον: aorist imperat. 2nd singular – irreg. short epsilon – perfective aspect ἄμυνον: aor. imperat. 2nd sing. – nasal stem - perfective
So Philip, having called to Argos, hurried up onto the mountain. καλέσας: aor. partic. for preceding action
While Argos ran after the wolf barking wildly, picking up some stones Philip threw them at the
wolf. ἄρας: liquid stem – aor. partic. – simple, preceding action
Shortly after, Argos caught hold of the wolf with his teeth and Philip killed him with his knife. ἀπέκτεινεν: nasal stem - perfective
Having arrived at the top of the mountain, the grandfather said: “Very well, you warded the
wolf bravely off the sheep .“ ἠμύνατε: nasal stem - perfective
“Now, stay here while I’ll go back home, for I wish to tell your mother what happened.”
μεῖνον: nasal stem – aor. imperat. 2nd sing – simple action ἀγγεῖλαι: liquid stem – aor. infin. – simple action
So Philip thought good to drive the sheep into the sheepfold. ἔδοξε: irreg. aorist – loss of stem ε, thus no contraction – perfective εἰσελάσαι: irreg. aorist, much could be said about the variants of this verb, short alpha in the
stem, so paroxytone – simple action
Exercise 12λ
προσεχώρησα
ἐξέπεμψα
ἀπέφυγον
ἀπεκρινάμην
εἰσέπεμψα
ἀπέκτεινα
εἰσεκόμισα
συνῆλθον
συνέλαβον
I’m presently about two thirds into 12μ and I suppose 12ν will take long as usual.
I leave my comments on
False alarm. The pdf viewer confused me. I may take up your offer though for when we get on to volume 2. I do have volume 2 but being a British edition is unlikely to have the same exercises.
(Though I might be able to get a copy of the America edition by then.)
Now having the exercises I shall try and get them done today.
I don’t know how it is that I always miss these things. I need to be more careful about it. I just go straight through with the translations. I’ll go back and fill in this stuff before I compare our answers.
#4: Is there a difference between “calling X” and “calling upon X”? I would assume that καλέω + ἐπί + dative is “call upon X” and καλέω + accusative means “call X.” The NT uses ἐπικαλέομαι + accusative for “call upon X.”
#6: The verb αἴρω (ἄρας) doesn’t mean “seize,” but “pick up” or “lift.”
Nice job.
#2: You mixed up the participle (εἰσελάσας) and the finite verb (ἐκάλεσεν).
#3: The participle here is circumstantial. It isn’t just telling us that he did something while doing something else. Rather, it tells us that something happened with the master (he stayed) in opposition to what happened to the slaves (they were sent away). This is why I translated it as “whereas,” but “although” would also be appropriate. “Although” would be obvious if we saw καίπερ with the participle.
#9: The participle παρασκευάσαντες actually has an object (τὴν ναῦν), which you left out of your translation. They readied the ship. They didn’t “get ready” (which would be passive – the difference in Hebrew between להכין “to prepare” and להתכונן “to prepare yourself”).
#1: Notice that ἐλθέ is the imperative (or aorist indicative in the Epic dialect). It should be augmented as ἦλθε, and with the prefix it’s ἐπανῆλθε (accent cannot precede the augment). I went with ἤγγειλε rather than εἶπε (notice the accent). Also, notice the accent of τά in τὰ γενόμενα. Other than that, this is all good.
#2: Do you see the difference between πάντες ἐθαύμασαν and πάντα ἐθαύμασε? The text says “all were amazed,” which means that “all” should be masculine plural (πάντες) and that the verb should agree with it (ἐθαύμασαν is third-person plural). The verb ἀκούω should be followed by ὅτι to subordinate the clause. Ἀγαθώνιος should be in the nominative with a finite verb (the text says to use the present tense). Thus, ὅτι ὁ Ἀργαθώνιος μάλα ὄλβιός (or ὀλβιώτατός) ἐστιν (“that Argathonius was very wealthy”).
#3: Should ὁρμάω not be in the middle voice here (ὁρμᾶσθαι)? When it’s in the active, notice that the accentuation of the active infinitive is -ᾶν, as in τιμᾶν “to honor” and ὁρμᾶν “to set out” (the iota disappears). For some reason you repeated “fourth” twice in the last phrase. It should be accusative to agree with ναῦς – as in τέσσαρας (or, it could be τέσσαρα πλοῖα).
#4: When you have “many” and “terrible” as substantive adjectives, you need to separate them with καί. Thus, πολλὰ καὶ δεινά means “many, terrible things.”
#5: “Received” should have only an epsilon within the word stem – ἐδέξατο rather than ἐδείξατο. You also missed the adverb εὐμενῶς in the first phrase. You also missed the word “much” in the last phrase (“much silver and tin”).
#6: The first phrase should use the accusative of time that answers “how long?” The phrase “for a long time” is πολύν τινα χρόνον.
I know I’ve commented a lot on your English-to-Greek work. Sorry for putting so much out there. If you want, you can look through my Greek-to-English above and see how it goes with your own work and my comments above. Also, feel free to let me know what you agree and disagree with.
#5: My text reads “ἀποκρινόμενος” here. What does yours say?
#12: My text reads “ἀποκρίνου” here. What does yours say? It should be imperative: ἀπόκριναι.
#13: My text reads “ἀποκρίνεται” here. What does yours say?
I assume that in your texts there is a difference in the exercises.
#1: The imperfect of ἐθέλω is ἤθελον. The aorist is ἠθέλησα. To my dissatisfaction, I haven’t been able to find a difference in meaning between the two. I didn’t label this as a liquid stem, since the last part of the aorist stem is really the contract vowel. The lambda has no influence on the formation of the tense. It is irregular because it functions like a contract verb in the aorist (and future) but not in the present.
#3: We don’t technically have “answered” (ἀπεκρίνατο) in this sentence. ὁ δ᾿ ἔφη is “but he said.” Were you looking to get away from literalness in this?
#4: Although ἔφη is postpositive (appears after the first bit of a quote), it should be translated as regular in English: “And grandfather said, ‘Call Argos…’.”
#5: ἀνὰ τὸ ὄρος means “up the mountain” or “up the hill.” You have added “onto” in your translation. I don’t think the “onto” is justified.
The quantity of comments is no reason for apologies! I am very grateful for such a complete follow up.
There are things that I am kicking myself for. There are others that I was not aware of but now you point them out to me are clear. I have highlighted them in my Athernaze document to refer back to. A few I have questions about:
I understand the point about πάντες (and have corrected it here), however, if you use an infinitive construction is ὅτι redundant? I do see that the question did want a ὅτι construction but is it actually incorrect Greek?
Does this other words when combined with πολλὰ or is it specif to δεινά?
There were more questions but several became clear as I was writing this reply.
It’s surely fine to use infinitives with accusatives as their subjects. Do you know of examples in which ἀκούω is used this way?
As far as I understand, whenever we would use a comma to separate two adjectives modifying a single noun (“a friendly, wise man”), Greek would use καί to separate the adjectives (“ἄνθρωπός τις φίλιος καὶ σοφός”). At least, this is how I learned it.
I see. It’s not that the infinitive construction is incorrect but that it isn’t normally use with ἀκούω (if ever).
I checked Taylor and he suggest that the participle construction thus.
2) πάντες ἐθαύμασαν καὶ πολλοὶ ἀκούσαντες Ἀγαθωνιον μάλα ὄλβιον ὄντα ἐβούλοντο πλεῦσαι εἴς Τάρτησσον.
As he states that the infinitive construction is normally used for thinking it does look as if you were right to warn me off using if for ἀκούω.
As far as I understand, whenever we would use a comma to separate two adjectives modifying a single noun (“a friendly, wise man”), Greek would use καί to separate the adjectives (“ἄνθρωπός τις φίλιος καὶ σοφός”). At least, this is how I learned it.[/quote]
That makes sense - I shall remember in future.
Thanks for both pieces of advice.
I may take up your offer though for when we get on to volume 2. I do have volume 2 but being a British edition is unlikely to have the same exercises.