a visualization of Homeric vocabulary using groups of cognates

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bcrowell
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a visualization of Homeric vocabulary using groups of cognates

Post by bcrowell »

We had some discussion last month of books that relate Greek words to their English cognates: viewtopic.php?t=71939

I do find this sort of thing very useful for the purpose of making vocabulary memorable, and also enjoyable for its own sake. However, I also find that often the real issue is that I need to relate a Greek word to some other basic Greek word that it's derived from -- either a shorter and simpler one that forms its root, or perhaps a word that's more common so that I already know it. As a way of playing with this kind of stuff in order to build my own proficiency, I came up with the following arrangement of the Homeric vocabulary that I have notes on. Textkit has a length limit on posts, so I'll put α-ι in this post, then κ-ω in one after that.

Code: Select all

ἄατος  insatiate of
ἀβληχρός  weak, gentle?
ἀγαθός  brave, noble
ἄγαλμα  an ornament, glory, sacrifice
-- ἀγάλλομαι  exalt; mp: exult in
ἄγαμαι  wonder; resent
-- ἄγη  wonder
-- ἀγητός  wondrous, admirable (ἄγαμαι)
ἀγανός  mild, gentle
ἀγαπητός  beloved
ἄγγελος  messenger ~angel
-- ἀγγελίη  message, news
-- ἀγγελίης  message, news
-- ἀγγέλλω  carry a message, announce
-- ἐξαγγέλλω  bring news out
ἄγγος  vessel
ἀγείρω  gather ~agora
-- ἀγορή  assembly
-- ἀγοράομαι  assemble, debate
-- ἀγορεύω  speak in assembly
-- ἀγορῆθεν  from the assembly
-- ἀγορητής  speaker
-- ἐπαγείρω  gather
-- ἠγερέθομαι  gather, be gathered
ἀγέρωχος  (positive epithet)
ἄγκος  bend; glen ~ankylosaurus
-- ἀγκάς  in the arms
-- ἀγκυλομήτης  of crooked counsel
-- ἀγκύλος  curved ~angle
-- ἀγκυλότοξος  crooked-bowed
-- ἀγκών  elbow
-- μισγάγκεια  confluence of streams
ἀγλαός  splendid, shining
-- ἀγλαΐη  splendor, glory, honor (ἀγλαός)
ἄγνυμι  break
ἀγοστός  palm, arm, filth
ἀγρέω  come!
ἀγρός  field, wild ~agriculture
-- ἄγριος  wild, savage (ἀγρός)
-- ἀγρότερος  wild
ἀγυιά  street
ἄγχι  near, nigh
-- ἀγχίμολος  nearby
-- ἀγχοῦ  near, nigh; like
ἀγχιστῖνος  close together, in heaps
ἄγχω  choke ~angina
ἄγω  lead, bring ~demagogue
-- ἀγέλη  herd
-- ἀγήνωρ  bold?; arrogant?
-- ἀγός  leader
-- ἀγών  gathering place ~agony
-- ἀνάγω  lead up, set sail
-- εἰσάγω  lead in
-- ἐξάγω  lead out
-- κατάγω  lead down, make landfall
-- ξυνάγω  assemble; join in battle
-- ὑπάγω  leave, depart
ἀδελφός  brother ~Philadelphia
ἀδινός  milling, throbbing
ἀεθλεύω  contend for a prize; toil ~athlete
-- ἀθλέω  toil
-- ἄθλιος  athletic contender
-- ἄεθλος  contest, trial
ἀείδω  sing
-- ἀοιδή  song
-- ἀοίδιμος  sung about
ἀείρω  raise,lift
-- ἐπαείρω  raise, place on
-- μετήορος  in mid-air ~meteor
ἄελλα  whirlwind
-- ἀελλόπος  storm-footed
ἀέξω  enlarge, grow ~augment
ἀζαλέος  dry, parched ~ash
-- ἄζω  dry up
ἀζηκής  incessant(ly)
ἅζομαι  dread, revere ~hagiography
ἄημι  blow
ἀήρ  air, mist
-- ἠεροειδής  misty
-- ἠερόεις  cloudy, gloomy
ἀθερίζω  slight, make light of
ἀθέσφατος  ominous, terrible
ἀθρέω  observe, gaze
-- ἐσαθρέω  catch sight of
ἀθρόος  grouped
αἴ  particle: wishes, conditionals
αἴγειρος  poplar
αἰγιαλός  beach, shore
αἴγλη  radiance
-- αἰγλήεις  radiant
αἰδέομαι  be ashamed
-- αἰδοῖον  genitals
-- αἰδοῖος  modest, honored
-- αἰδώς  awe, shame, respect; genitals
-- ἀναίδεια  shamelessness
-- ἀναιδής  shameless, ruthless
αἰεί  always, forever ~eon
-- αἰειγενέτης  ever-existing
-- αἰών  life force
αἰζηός  hale, vigorous
αἴθουσα  portico
αἴθω  set on fire
-- αἰθαλόεις  smoke-blackened
-- αἰθήρ  ether, air, sky ~ether
-- αἶθοψ  sparkling ~ether
-- αἴθων  gleaming, tawny ~ether
ἄἴλιος  Ilium
αἷμα  blood ~hematology
-- αἱματόεις  bloody
αἵμων  eager for (+gen)
αἰνός  horrible; adv: extremely
-- αἰνόθεν  =αἰνῶς, strongly feeling
-- αἴνυμαι  take
-- αἰνῶς  strongly feeling
-- ἐξαίνυμαι  take, deprive of (+2 acc)
αἶνος  story, praise
-- ἀναίνομαι  refuse, reject (αἶνος)
-- ἀπαναίνομαι  refuse, disown
αἴξ  goat
-- αἰγανέη  goat-spear
-- αἴγειος  of goats
-- αἰγίοχος  aegis-bearing (epithet of Zeus)
-- αἰγίς  aegis
-- ἴξαλος  wild goat
αἰόλος  gleaming, fast-moving
-- αἰολοθώρηξ  gleaming-cuirassed
-- αἰολομίτρης  glancing belted
-- αἰολόπωλος  with fast steeds
αἰπεινός  steep, rugged
αἰπόλος  goatherd
-- αἰπόλιον  herd of goats
αἰπύς  steep, high, utter
-- αἰπός  steeply falling
αἱρέω  take, kill; mp: choose ~heresy
-- ἀναιρέω  take up
-- ἀφαιρέω  take away
-- ἐξαιρέω  pick, steal
αἴσιμος  just, fitting (αἶσα)
-- ἐναίσιμος  proper, propitious, fair (αἶσα)
ἀίσσω  dart, glance
-- ἀναίσσω  rise, rise quickly
-- ἐπαίσσω  rush upon
-- παραίσσω  dart past
-- ὑπαΐσσω  dart from under
αἴσυλος  unjust, unseemly, evil
-- ἀήσυλος  unjust
αἶσχος  insult; disgrace
-- αἰσχρός  shameful
-- αἰσχύνω  spoil, disgrace
αἰτέω  ask for ~etiology
-- αἴτιος  guilty
-- ἐπαίτιος  blameworthy
αἰχμή  spear point ~acute
-- αἰχμάζω  wield a spear
-- αἰχμητής  spearman
αἶψα  suddenly
ἀΐω  perceive, feel, hear
ἀκέομαι  heal, fix
-- ἐξακέομαι  cure, appease, moderate
ἀκήν  silently
-- ἀκαλαρρείτης  peaceful
-- ἀκέων  soft, silent
ἄκοιτις  sex partner
ἄκος  cure, remedy
-- ἀνήκεστος  incurable (ἄκος)
ἀκοστέω  be barley-fed
ἀκούω  hear ~acoustic
-- ἀκοή  hearing
-- ἀκουάζομαι  listen, hear of
-- ἐσακούω  hearken (ακούω)
-- ἐπακούω  hear, listen to
ἀκράαντος  fruitless
ἄκρος  at the edge, extreme
-- ἄκρη  =ἄκρος
-- ἄκρις  hilltop
-- ἄκρον  crest, extremity
-- ἀκροπόλος  topmost
ἄκων  javelin ~acme
-- ἀκοντίζω  shoot, hurl
-- ἀκωκή  point, tip
-- ἀνακοντίζω  spurt up
ἀλαλητός  shouting
ἀλάομαι  wander, rove, roam
ἀλαπάζω  exhaust; kill, sack
-- ἀλαπαδνός  easily exhausted
-- ἐξαλαπάζω  sack, destroy
ἄλγος  woe, grief ~analgesic
-- ἀλγέω  suffer
-- ἀλεγεινός  painful (ἄλγος)
ἀλέγω  care, (+gen) care for
-- ἀλεγίζω  care about, heed ~diligence
ἀλείτης  offender
ἀλέξω  ward off; aid
-- ἐπαλέξω  help, protect
ἀλέομαι  escape, shun
-- ἀλέα  an escape
-- ἀλεείνω  to avoid, shun
ἀλέω  grind
ἀληθής  true; careful
ἄλθομαι  become whole, sound
ἁλίσκομαι  be captured
ἀλιτρός  sinful
ἀλκή  strength, prowess, courage ~Alexander
-- ἄλκαρ  defense (ἀλκή)
-- ἄλκιμος  brave; sturdily made (ἀλκή)
-- ἄναλκις  not warlike (ἀλκή)
ἀλλά  but
ἄλληκτος  unceasing, implacable
ἅλλομαι  to jump
-- ἅλμα  a jump
-- ἐξάλλομαι  break away from
-- ἐφάλλομαι  jump at or on
-- ὑπεράλλομαι  jump over
ἄλλος  other ~allosaurus
-- ἀλλήλων  of each other ~allele
-- ἀλλοδαπός  foreign
-- ἄλλοθεν  from elsewhere
-- ἀλλοῖος  of another kind
-- ἀλλοπρόσαλλος  two-faced
-- ἄλλοτε  at another time
-- ἀλλότριος  not one's own, alien
-- ἄλλως  otherwise
ἅλς  salt (m.), sea (f.)
-- ἀγχίαλος  near the sea
-- ἅλιος  of the sea; fruitless
ἄλσος  grove, sacred place
ἀλυσκάνω  avoid, be a shirker
-- ἀλυσκάζω  escape, avoid, shirk
ἀλύω  be beside oneself
ἀλωή  yard
ἅμα  at the same time, along with ~hamadryad
ἀμαιμάκετος  huge
ἀμαλδύνω  destroy, level
ἄμαξα  wagon
ἁμαρτάνω  miss, fail, lose; sin
-- ἁμαρτῇ  simultaneously, together
-- ἀφαμαρτάνω  miss, be deprived of
-- ἀφαμαρτοεπής  stumbling in speech
-- νημερτής  Nereid; clear
ἀμβατός  climbable
ἀμέγαρτος  unenviable
ἀμείβω  exchange, answer ~amoeba
-- ἀπαμείβομαι  answer
-- ἐπαμείβω  swap; mid: pass over, take turns
ἀμείνων  better
ἀμέλγω  to milk ~milk
ἀμενηνός  weak, fleeting
ἁμός  my, our
ἄμοτον  insatiably, incessantly
ἀμπελόεις  vine-rich
ἀμύμων  noble
ἀμύνω  ward off, help, withstand
-- ἐπαμύνω  defend, rescue
ἀμύσσω  scratch, tear
ἀμφηρεφής  close-covered
ἀμφί  around, concerning
-- ἀμφότερος  both
-- ἀμφοτέρωθεν  from or on both sides
-- ἀμφοτέρωσε  in both directions (ἀμφότερος)
ἀμφιάχω  shrieking around
ἀμφίβροτος  protecting all around
ἀμφιδρυφής  cheek-torn
ἀμφιέλισσα  handy (of ships)
ἀμφιέπω  go all around, beset
ἀμφικύπελλος  double-bowled
ἀμφιλύκη  twilit, hesitating ~light
ἀμφιπένομαι  tend, attend to
ἀμφιπεριστρωφάω  turn all around
ἀμφίς  around, apart from
ἀμφίφαλος  two-crested
ἀμφιφορεύς  two-handled amphora
ἄν  particles marking conditionals
ἀνά  adv: up, back, throughout; prep: (+dat) on, (+acc) onto, through
ἀνάγκη  force, necessity
-- ἀναγκαίη  of necessity, by force
-- ἀναγκαῖος  coerced, coercing (ἀνάγκη)
ἀναίμων  bloodless
ἀνακηκίω  gush
ἀναλκείη  cowardice
ἄναξ  lord, prince
-- ἀνάσσω  rule, be lord (ἄναξ)
ἀνεκτός  bearable
ἄνεμος  wind ~anemometer
-- ἠνεμόεις  windy
-- νήνεμος  still, windless (ἄνεμος)
ἄνεω  soundless
ἀνήρ  man ~androgynous
-- ἀνδράποδον  slave
-- ἀνδροκτασίη  killing men
-- ἀντιάνειρα  a match for men
ἄνθος  flower
-- ἀνθεμόεις  flowery
-- ἀνθερεών  chin
ἄνθρωπος  human being ~anthropology
ἀνιάω  vex
ἀνοίγνυμι  open
-- οἴγω  open
ἄντα  over against
ἀντάω  meet face to face
ἄντην  opposite, in front
ἀντί  against; for
-- ἀντία  opposite, facing
-- ἀντιάω  meet, fight, join
-- ἀντίος  opposite, facing
-- ἄντομαι  meet
-- ἐναντίος  opposite, facing, meeting
-- συνάντομαι  fall in with
-- ὑπαντιάω  take a stand against
ἀντιβίην  face to face
ἀντιβολέω  meet, partake
ἀντικρύ  straight on
ἀντιπέραιος  opposite and beyond
ἀντιτορέω  pierce, break into
ἀντιφέρω  set against
ἄντυξ  rail, rim
ἀνύω  accomplish
-- ἄνυσις  accomplishment, effect
-- ἐξανύω  slay, bring to pass (ἀνύω)
ἀξίνη  war-axe
ἄξιος  worthy
-- ἀντάξιος  worth just as much as
ἄξων  axle ~axon
ἄορ  sword
ἀπάλαμνος  without resource
ἀπάλθομαι  be healed
ἁπαλός  soft, delicate
ἀπάνευθε  from afar; outside (+gen)
-- ἄνευθε  far away
ἅπαξ  once
ἀπάτερθε  apart from
ἀπάτη  trick, fraud, deceit ~apatosaurus
-- ἀπατάω  to lie, trick
-- ἀπατηλός  deceitful
ἀπειλή  boast, threat
-- ἀπειλέω  threaten, boast
-- ἀπειλητήρ  boaster (ἀπειλή)
-- ἐπαπειλέω  threaten
ἀπείρων  boundless
ἀπέλεθρος  immeasurable
ἀπερείσιος  boundless
ἀπερωεύς  thwarter
ἀπήμων  unhurt
ἀπηνής  harsh
ἀπό  from ~of
ἀπόερσα  sweep up, take away
ἄποινα  ransom, compensation ~penalty
-- ἀνάποινος  unransomed
ἀπολυμαίνομαι  cleanse oneself
ἀπομόργνυμι  wipe off
ἀποπτύω  spit out
ἀπορούω  dart away
ἀποφθίμαι  mp: perish
ἀπρίατος  unpurchased
ἅπτω  touch ~haptic
-- ἄαπτος  untouchable, invincible
-- ἐξάπτω  fasten to
-- ἐφάπτω  fasten upon
-- προϊάπτω  throw
ἄρα  then; behold ~harmony
-- αἴρω  take up
-- ἀπαίρω  lift off
-- ἀπαυράω  wrest, rob
-- ἀραρίσκω  join, fit, furnish ~arthritis
-- ἀρθμέω  befriend, ally with
-- ἁρμόζω  fit well
-- ἀρτύνω  fashion, prepare, plan
-- ἐναίρω  kill, impair (ἔναρα)
-- ἔναρα  spoils
-- ἐναρίζω  despoil
-- ἐξεναρίζω  strip, despoil
-- προσαραρίσκω  be fitted to
ἀραβέω  clatter, chatter
ἀραιός  slender?
ἀράομαι  pray
-- ἀρή  bane, harm; prayer
-- ἀρητήρ  priest
ἀργαλέος  grevious; hard to do
ἀργής  bright, white ~Argentina
-- ἀργεννός  white
-- ἀργινόεις  bright, white
-- ἀργύρεος  silver
-- ἀργυροδίνης  silver-eddying
-- ἀργυρόηλος  silver-studded
-- ἀργυρόπεζα  silver-footed
-- ἀργυρόπεζος  silver-footed
-- ἄργυρος  silver, money
-- ἀργυρότοξος  bearer of a silver bow
ἀργός  fallow, lazy
ἄρειος  warlike
ἀρείων  nobler, more excellent
ἀρέσκω  make amends
ἀρετή  goodness, excellence
ἀρήγω  succor; prevent ~right
-- ἀρηγών  helper
ἀρηΐθοος  swift to fight
ἀρηίφιλος  beloved of Ares
ἀρήν  lamb, sheep; wool
-- πολύαρνος  many-lambed
ἀρίζηλος  conspicuous, remarkable
ἀριθμέω  to count
-- ἐναρίθμιος  counted
ἀριπρεπής  brilliant, striking
ἀριστερός  left-hand
ἄριστος  best ~aristrocrat
-- ἀριστεύς  chief (ἄριστος)
-- ἀριστεύω  be the best
ἀρκέω  ward off, defend; suffice
-- ἄρκιος  sufficient
-- ἐπαρκέω  ward off
ἅρμα  chariot
-- ἁρματοπηγός  chariot-making
-- ἄρνυμαι  get, win
ἀρνειός  ram
ἀρόω  plow ~arable
-- ἄροσις  arable land (ἀρόω)
-- ἀροτήρ  plowman (ἀρόω)
-- ἄροτρον  plow
-- ἄρουρα  arable land
ἁρπάζω  carry off, seize ~harpoon
-- ἐξαρπάζω  snatch away
ἄρσην  male
ἀρτεμής  safe and sound
ἄρτιος  suitable
ἄρτος  bread, loaf
ἀρχέκακος  mischief-causing
ἄρχω  lead; middle: begin ~archaic
-- ἄναρχος  unruled; unruling
-- ἀρχεύω  to lead (+dat)
-- ἀρχή  beginning ~archetype
-- ἀρχός  ruler ~archangel
-- ἐξάρχω  take the lead in
-- ἐπάρχω  pass drops of libation
-- ὑπάρχω  start, lead, set an example
ἀρωγή  help
-- ἀρωγός  helper
ἆσαι  aor: to sate ~sate
ἀσάμινθος  bathtub
ἄσβεστος  inextinguishable
ἀσθμαίνω  gasp, pant ~asthma
ασκέω  work on
ἀσκός  wine skin, leather bag
ἀσπάζομαι  greet, salute
-- ἀσπασίως  gladly, with glad welcome
ἀσπαίρω  gasp; convulse
ἀσπερχές  unceasingly
ἀσπίς  shield ~spit
-- ἀσπιδιώτης  shield-bearing
-- ἀσπιστής  shield-carrier
ἆσσον  nearer
ἄσταχυς  ear of corn
ἀστεμφής  immovable
ἀστήρ  star
-- ἀστερόεις  starry
-- ἀστεροπητής  lightning-bringer
-- ἀστράπτω  flash lightning
-- ἄστρον  star
ἄστυ  town
ἀσχαλάω  be distressed
ἀταλάφρων  childlike in mind
ἀταρτηρός  mischievous
ἀτασθαλίη  recklessness
ἄτερ  without, apart from
ἄτη  bewilderment, folly
-- ἀάζω  infatuate, make foolish
ἀτιτάλλω  rear, raise
ἀτρεκής  precise, certain
ἀτρύγετος  (of sea/sky)
ἀτύζομαι  be terrified, panic
αὖ  again, then again ~after
-- αὖτις  back, again, moreover
-- αὖτε  again; on the contrary
-- αὐτόματος  self-willed
-- αὐτός  self; pronoun
-- αὔτως  just so, merely; in vain
-- ἐξαῦτις  again, anew
αὐγή  light
αὐδάω  speak, declare, shout
-- αὐδή  voice, report
-- ἐξαυδάω  speak out
-- μεταυδάω  speak among
-- προσαυδάω  speak to, about
αὖθι  on the spot
αὐλή  courtyard
αὔριον  tomorrow
αὐτάρ  but; moreover
ἀυτή  war-cry
αὐτίκα  at once
αὐτόθι  on the spot
αὐτοσχεδά  from close at hand
αὐτοῦ  here, there
αὐχήν  neck
αὔω  ignite; shout
ἄφαρ  quickly
ἀφαυρός  weak, ineffective
ἁφάω  handle, turn over
ἀφνειός  rich
-- ἄφενος  riches
ἀφρός  foam
ἀφύσσω  tap, draw
ἀχλύς  mist
ἄχνη  foam, froth, chaff
ἄχος  distress ~ail
-- ἀκαχέω  to trouble, grieve
-- ἀκαχίζω  to trouble, grieve
-- ἀχεύω  grieve, vex
ἄχρι  as far as (+gen); until
ἀχυρμιή  heap of chaff
ἄψ  back, again, in return
-- ἄψορρος  returning
ἁψίς  mesh of a net
ἄωτος  wool
βάζω  speak, talk, say
βαθύς  high, deep ~bathysphere
-- βαθύρροος  deep-flowing
-- βαθύσχοινος  deep grown with rushes
βαίνω  go, walk, stand ~basis
-- ἀμφιβαίνω  surround, protect
-- ἀμφιβασις  standing over
-- ἀναβαίνω  go up, embark
-- ἀποβαίνω  leave, get off
-- βίβημι  stride (βαίνω)
-- εἰσαναβαίνω  go to
-- ἐκβαίνω  come forth, disembark
-- ἐμβαίνω  step on, board
-- ἐπιβαίνω  set foot on, board
-- καταβαίνω  go down
-- περιβαίνω  stand over
-- προβαίνω  surpass, continue
-- προσβαίνω  proceed; step on
βάλλω  throw, hit, fall ~ballistic
-- ἀβλής  not yet shot
-- ἄβλητος  not struck
-- ἀναβάλλω  delay; strike up a song
-- ἀνάβλησις  delay, respite
-- ἀπόβλητος  thrown away, despised
-- βέλος  missile
-- ἐκβάλλω  throw out, fell, let fall
-- ἐμβάλλω  throw in; inspire
-- ἐπιβάλλω  throw upon, head for
-- καταβάλλω  throw down, cast off
-- παραβλήδην  taking a shot
-- προβάλλω  throw before
-- προσβάλλω  hit (+acc+dat); mp: heed
-- ξυμβάλλω   pit against; mp: meet, fall in with
βαρβαρόφωνος  foreign-sounding
βαρύς  heavy ~baritone
-- βαρύνω  oppress (βαρύς)
βασιλεύω  be king
-- βασιλεύς  king
-- ἐμβασιλεύω  be king among
βάσκω  come, go
-- ἐπιβάσκω  involve in (+gen)
βένθος  depth ~benthic
βηλός  threshold
βῆσσα  glen
βιβρώσκω  eat, eat up, devour ~voracious
-- βέρεθρον  gulf, pit
βίη  strength, force
-- ἀντίβιος  hostile (βίη)
-- ἐναντίβιος  man to man (ἀντίβιος)
βιός  bow, bow-string
βίοτος  life; sustenance, chattels (βιόω)
-- βιόω  live
βλεμεαίνω  exult, boast?
βλέφαρον  eyelid
βλοσυρός  shaggy
βλώσκω  come, go
-- παραβλώσκω  go beside
βοή  shout, cry
-- βοάω  shout
βόσκω  feed
βοτρυδόν  in clusters like grapes
βουβών  groin ~bubo
βουλή  will, plan ~volunteer
-- βουλευτής  councillor
-- βουλεύω  to deliberate
-- βουληφόρος  counselling
-- βούλομαι  wish, want
βοῦς  cow, ox; shield ~bovine
-- βόειος  shield; ox hide
-- βουκολέω  herd (cattle), tend ~bucolic
-- βουπλήξ  ox-whip? pole ax? ~plectrum
-- βουφονέω  sacrifice an ox
-- βοῶπις  ox-eyed
βραδύς  slow, dull, late ~Spanish gordo
βραχίων  upper arm, shoulder
βράχω  rattle, creak, roar
βρέμω  roar, clash, rage
βρεχμός  head?
βρίζω  sleep
βρίθω  be loaded down
-- βριθοσύνη  weight
-- βριθύς  heavy
-- ἐπιβρίθω  fall hard on
βροντάω  to thunder ~brontosaurus
-- βροντή  thunder
βροτολοιγός  bane of men
βροτός  mortal ~ambrosia
βῶλος  clod
-- ἐριβῶλαξ  fertile
βωμός  altar; stand, pedestal
βωτιάνειρα  man-feeding
γαῖα  land, earth
-- αἶα  land
-- γῆ  earth; a country ~geography
γαίω  celebrate
γάλα  milk ~galaxy
γάλοως  sister in law
γαμβρός  son-in-law, brother-in-law
γάμος  wedding ~bigamy
-- ἄγαμος  unmarried
γάρ  for
γαστήρ  belly ~gastric
γε  particle: at least; emphatic
γέγωνα  speak up, shout
γελάω  laugh, smile, laugh at
-- γέλοιος  amusing
γέλως  laughter
γένειον  chin
γένος  race, kind, genus ~genus
-- ἄγονος  unborn
-- γείνομαι  be born, regret
-- γενεά  birth, race
-- γενέθλη  race, stock
-- γενναῖος  seemly ~genesis
-- γίγνομαι  become, happen ~genesis
-- γόνος  offspring
-- ἐγγίγνομαι  live in
-- ἐκγίγνομαι  be born; be by birth
-- ἔκγονος  offspring, descendant
-- ἐπιγίγνομαι  succeed, come after
γέντο  seize, grasp
γένυς  jaw
γέρανος  (f.) crane (bird)
γεραρός  majestic
γέρας  reward, honor
-- ἀγέραστος  unrewarded
-- ἀγήραος  ageless
-- γεραίρω  honor (γέρας)
-- γῆρας  old age
γέρων  old; old man ~geriatric
-- γεραιός  old
-- γερούσιος  elders' wine (oath)
-- γηράσκω  grow old
-- γρηΰς  old woman
γέφυρα  dam, dike
γηθέω  rejoice, exult ~joy
-- ἀγαυός  noble, illustrious
-- γηθόσυνος  rejoicing
γῆρυς  voice
γιγνώσκω  know, perceive ~gnostic
-- ἀγνοέω  be ignorant of
-- γνωτός  kinsman; evident
-- διαγιγνώσκω  discern
γλάγος  milk
γλαυκῶπις  bright-eyed
γλαφυρός  hollow, concave
γλήνη  eyeball; doll
γλουτός  buttock
γλυκύς  sweet ~glycerine
γλυφίς  arrow's notch
γλῶσσα  tongue, language ~glossary
γνάμπτω  bend
-- ἀναγνάμπτω  bend back
-- ἐπιγνάμπτω  inbend, repress
γόμφος  peg, nail
γόνυ  knee ~polygon
-- γνύξ  on bended knee
-- γουνάζομαι  clasp by the knees
γόος  weeping, wailing
-- γοάω  weep, mourn
γύαλον  plate of the thorax
γυῖα  limbs, seat of strength
-- ἀμφιγύεις  crooked-limbed
-- ἀπογυιόω  cripple
-- γυιόω  cripple (γυῖα)
γυνή  woman ~queen
-- γυναιμανής  woman-crazy
-- καλλιγύναιξ  abounding in fair women
γύψ  vulture
-- αἰγυπιός  eagle, vulture
δαήρ  brother-in-law
δαί  particle: emphasizes questions
δαίδαλος  cunningly wrought
-- δαιδάλεος  curiously wrought
δαίζω  rend, esp. flesh
δαιμόνιος  voc: you crazy guy
δάϊς  war, battle
-- δήϊος  hostile, destructive
-- δαίφρων  warlike
-- δηιοτής  battle; fighters (δήϊος)
-- δηιόω  be inimical, hurt, tear
δαίς  feast, banquet
-- ἀμφιδαίω  burn all around
-- δαίμων  god, spirit ~demon
-- δαίνυμι  give a feast, feast on
-- δαιτρόν  portion
-- δαίω  light; divide
-- δατέομαι  divide into portions
δάκνω  bite
δαμάζω  subdue; appease; kill ~tame
-- δάμνημι  overpower, tame
-- δμωή  female slave
-- δμώς  slave
δάπεδον  floor, prepared ground
δάπτω  devour
δασμός  division of a spoil
δαφοινός  blood red
δέ  but, and
δείδω  to fear ~Deimos
-- ἀδεής  fearless
-- δειδήμων  fearful, timid
-- δειδίσσομαι  frighten, threaten
-- δειλός  wretched, poor, cowardly
-- δέος  fear
-- δίον  be afraid (δείδω)
-- ὑποδείδω  cower before
δείκνυμι  show, point out
-- παραδέχομαι  show, point out
δείλη  afternoon ~diem
δεῖμα  fear
δεινός  terrible, great ~dinosaur
δεῖπνον  meal, food
-- δειπνέω  eat, dine
δειρή  neck, throat, mane
δέκα  ten
-- δεκάς  decade, group of ten
-- δέκατος  tenth
-- ἕνδεκα  eleven
δεκάχιλοι  ten thousand
δέμας  body
δένδρεον  tree
δεξιός  right-hand ~dextrous
-- δεξιά  right-hand
-- ἐνδέξιος  right-hand
-- ἐπιδέξιος  in the lucky direction
δεξιτερός  right-hand
δέπας  beaker, goblet
δέρκομαι  see, watch
δέρμα  skin, hide
-- δέρω  skin, flay
δεῦρο  here, come here!
δεῦτε  come on (pl.)
δέχομαι  accept, receive ~doctrine
-- ἀναδέχομαι  catch, receive
-- ἀποδέχομαι  accept
-- δοκεύω  watch, monitor (δέχομαι)
-- ὑποδέχομαι  welcome, accept
δέω  bind, need
-- δεσμός  bond, latch, strap
-- δεύω  need; moisten
-- ἐνδέω  tie to, entangle
-- ἐπιδέω  fasten; lack
-- καταδέω  tie up
-- συνδέω  bind together
δή  indeed, truly
δηθύνω  delay
δηλέομαι  hurt, spoil
δῆμος  district, common people ~democracy
-- δημοβόρος  people-devourer
-- δημογέρων  elder, chief
δήν  long time
-- δηθά  for a long time
δηναιός  long-lived
δῆνος  thoughts, wiles
δηρός  long, too long
διά  among, through, during ~diameter
διαθρύπτω  break into pieces
διάκτορος  epithet of Hermes
διαμάω  cut through
διαμπερές  right through
διάνδιχα  two ways
διαρραίω  dash in pieces
διασεύομαι  dart through
διδυμάων  twin
δίδωμι  give; permit ~donate
-- ἀποδίδωμι  repay
-- ἐκδίδωμι  hand over
δίζημαι  seek
διηκόσιοι  two hundred
διηνεκέως  at length, in detail
δικάζω  judge
δικασπόλος  lawgiver
δινήεις  eddying, whirling
δινωτός  luxuriously inlaid
διογενής  born of Zeus
δῖος  divine, noble ~deity
διπλόος  double, overlapping
-- δίπλαξ  double-layered
-- δίπτυχος  twice-folded
δίσκος  disc
δίφρος  seat, chariot box ~bear
διώκω  chase
-- δίεμαι  drive off (διώκω)
δνοπαλίζω  knock around
δοιοί  both, doubly
δοιώ  a pair
δοκέω  seem, have an opinion, suppose ~doctrine
δολιχόδειρος  long-necked
δολιχός  long, protracted
-- δολιχόσκιος  long-shadowed
δολομήτης  deceitful in counsel
δόλος  trick, bait
-- δολοφρονέων  planning tricks
-- δολοφροσύνη  trickery
δόμος  house ~domicile
-- δέμω  build (δόμος)
-- θεόδμητος  god-built (δέμω)
δόρπον  dinner
-- δόρπος  =δόρπον, dinner
δόρυ  spear shaft, plank
-- δουρικλειτός  spear-famed
δούλη  slave
-- δούλιος  of a slave
δουπέω  to thud
δοῦπος  roar
δράκων  serpent
δύναμαι  be able ~dynamic
-- δύναμις  power
δύο  two
-- δεύτερος  second
δυσαής  violently blowing
δυσηχής  woe-bringing
δυσμενής  hostile, enemy
δύστηνος  unhappy, miserable
δύω  enter, put on, strip off
-- ἄδυτον  inner sanctum (δύω)
-- ἀναδύνω  come back out of, go back into (δύω)
-- ἀποδύω  strip off, dump
-- ἐκδύω  take off; leave; avoid
-- ἐνδύω  go into, put on
-- καταδύω  enter, sink
δώδεκα  twelve
-- δυοκαίδεκα  =δώδεκα
-- δυώδεκα  =δώδεκα
-- δωδέκατος  twelfth
δῶμα  hall, house ~domicile
-- δάμαρ  wife
δῶρον  gift ~donate
-- πολύδωρος  bringing a big dowry
ἕ  pronoun
ἐάν  even if, supposing that
ἑανός  garment; yielding, flexible
ἔαρ  spring (season)
-- εἰαρινός  vernal
ἐάω  let
ἔβλαβεν  break, make fail
ἐγγύς  near
-- ἐγγυαλίζω  put in hand
-- ἐγγύθεν  near
-- ἐγγύθι  near
ἐγείρω  rouse
ἐγκέφαλος  brain
ἔγχος  spear
-- ἐγχείη  =ἔγχος
-- ἐγχεσίμωρος  eager with the spear
-- ἐγχέσπαλος  spear-wielding
ἐγώ  I, me
-- ἐγώγε  =ἐγώ γε
ἐδάην  learn ~didactic
-- ἀδαήμων  ignorant of
-- διδάσκω  teach
ἕδος  seat, sitting ~polyhedron
-- ἕδρη  seat, seated group
ἔδω  eat ~eat
-- ἐδητύς  food, eating
-- ἐδωδή  food (ἔδω)
-- ἔσθω  eat (ἔδω)
-- κατέδω  eat up
ἔθειραι  mane
ἐθέλω  consent, be willing
ἔθνος  tribe, company, flock ~ethnic
ἔθω  be accustomed, tend to ~ethology
εἰ  if
εἱαμενή  lowland, meadow
εἶδαρ  food, fodder
εἴδω  see ~kaleidoscope
-- ἄϊδρις  ignorant
-- εἴδομαι  be seen, seem, seem like
-- εἶδον  see, know, seem
-- εἶδος  that which is seen
-- εἴδωλον  phantom, unreal image
-- ἐκκατείδω  see (from a height)
-- εὐειδής  good-looking
εἶθαρ  right on, at once
εἴθε  if only
εἴκελος  like, resembling (+dative)
-- ἐπιείκελος  resembling
εἴκοσι  twenty
εἰκυῖα  likely
εἴκω  yield ~victor
-- ἀποείκω  withdraw from
-- ἐπιεικτός  yielding
-- ὑποείκω  withdraw
εἶλαρ  defence
εἰλίπους  having a rolling gait ~helix
εἰλύω  crouch, curl, wrap ~helix
-- ἀελλής  crowded
-- ἅλις  in plenty; enough
-- ἀολλής  all together
-- ἀολλίζω  gather, assemble
-- εἴλω  pack, press, drive
-- ἐλελίζω  shake; turn
εἷμα  garment
-- ἕννυμι  clothe in (+2 acc)
-- ἐπιέννυμι  put on as well
εἰμί  be, exist, have
-- ἔξεστι  it is allowed/possible
εἶμι  go, come ~ion
-- ἄνειμι  go up, inland, to, back
-- ἄπειμι  go away, return
-- διέξειμι  pass through
-- εἰσάνειμι  ascend, climb to
-- εἴσειμι  go in; come in range
-- ἔνειμι  be in
-- ἔξειμι  go forth (εἶμι)
-- ἔπειμι  lie upon
-- κάτειμι  go down, disembark
-- μέτειμι  be among, go, follow
-- παρά  near; because of ~parallel
-- πάρειμι  be present; it's possible
-- πρόσειμι  approach, draw near
-- ξύνειμι  be with (+dat.)
εἰνατέρες  husband's brothers' wives
εἶπον  say, speak
-- ἀποεῖπον  refuse, renounce, declare
-- ἐννέπω  tell, tell of
-- ἐξεῖπον  speak out, disclose
-- μετεῖπον  speak among
-- παρεῖπον  persuade
-- προσεῖπον  spoke to
εἰρήνη  peace
εἴριον  wool ~Eriogonum
-- εἰροκόμος  wool-cutter
-- εἰροπόκος  woolly
εἴρω  =ἐρέω, declare
-- διείρομαι  interrogate
-- ἐξερέω  fut: declare
-- ἐρέω  [will] declare
εἰς  into
-- εἴσω  into
-- ἔσω  =εἴσω, into
εἷς  one
ἐίσκω  liken to; suppose
εἴτε  if, whenever
ἐκ  from ~ecstatic
ἑκάς  afar, far off
-- ἕκαθεν  from afar
-- ἑκατηβελέτης  sharpshooter
-- ἑκατηβόλος  sharpshooter
-- ἕκατος  far-shooting
-- ἑκηβολίη  bowmanship
-- ἑκηβόλος  sharpshooter
ἕκαστος  each
ἑκάτερθε  on both sides
ἑκατόν  hundred
-- ἑκατόγχειρος  hundred-handed
-- ἑκατόμβη  hecatomb
-- ἑκατόμβοιος  worth a hecatomb
-- ἑκατόμπολις  of a hundred cities
ἐκεῖθι  there
ἐκεῖνος  that
ἐκεῖσε  thither
ἑκκαιδεκάδωρος  16 palms in length
ἐκμυζάω  suck out
ἔκπαγλος  terrible, outrageous
ἐκπρεπής  preeminent
ἐκσεύω  speed forth
ἕκτος  sixth
ἔκτοσθε  from outside; out of
ἑκυρός  father in law
ἑκών  willingly
-- ἀεκαζόμενος  unwilling (ἑκών)
-- ἀέκων  unwilling
-- ἕκηλος  at ease, holding back (ἑκών)
-- ἧλος  nailhead
ἐλαία  olive, olive tree ~olive
-- ἔλαιον  oil, olive oil
ἐλάτη  fir tree; oar
ἐλαύνω  to drive, march ~elastic
-- ἐλατήρ  driver
-- ἐξελαύνω  drive out, exile
ἔλαφος  deer
ἐλαφρός  light, nimble
ἔλδομαι  wish, wish for
-- ἔλδωρ  a wish
ἔλεγχος  shame, disgrace
-- ἐλεγχής  deserving reproach
ἐλεέω  to pity, have mercy on ~alms
-- ἐλεαίρω  to pity, have mercy on (ἔλεος)
-- ἐλεεινός  pitiable
-- ἔλεος  pity, mercy
ἑλεόθρεπτος  marsh-bred
ἐλέφας  ivory, elephant
ἑλικῶπις  quick-eyed
ἑλίκωψ  quick-glancing
ἑλίσσω  turn
ἑλκεσίπεπλος  with flowing peplos
ἕλκος  wound ~ulcer
ἕλκω  drag
-- ἑλκηθμός  one who is dragged off
-- ἐξέλκω  pull out
ἕλος  marsh
ἔλπω  cause to hope/expect ~voluptuary
-- ἀελπτέω  to despair
-- ἐλπίς  hope
ἕλωρ  prey, booty
ἐμμαπέως  quickly
ἐμμεμαώς  hasten, be zealous, fierce
ἔμπας  anyhow
ἔμπλην  near
ἐν  in
-- ἐνθένδε  hence (ἐν)
ἐναλίγκιος  like (+dat)
-- ἀλίγκιος  like, resembling
ἐναντίον  opposite, facing
ἑνδεκάπηχυς  11 cubits long
ἔνδοθεν  from within
ἔνδοθι  within, at home
ἔνδον  domestic, in the house of
ἕνεκα  because, that
ἐνενήκοντα  ninety
ἔνερθε  beneath, below
-- νέρθε  =ἔνερθεν, up from below
-- ὑπένερθε  underneath
ἐνέρτερος  below
ἐνεσία  incitement
ἔνθα  there, where, when
-- ἐνθάδε  here, hither
-- ἔνθεν  thence, whence
ἐνιαυτός  cycle of a year
ἐνίπτω  chide; revile
-- ἐνιπή  abuse, resentment, threat
ἐννέα  nine
-- εἴνατος  ninth
-- ἔνατος  ninth
-- ἐννεάβοιος  worth 9 oxen
-- ἐννεάχιλοι  nine thousand
-- ἐννῆμαρ  for nine days
ἔντεα  arms, armor
-- ἐντύω  get ready (ἔντεα)
ἐντός  within
-- ἔντοσθεν  inside
ἐντροπαλίζομαι  turn to, in
ἐνωπή  in plain sight
ἐνώπια  inner wall
ἕξ  six
ἐξαιρετός  chosen, special
ἐξαπίνης  suddenly
ἑξήκοντα  sixty
ἑξῆς  in turn
ἐξόπιθεν  behind
ἔξοχος  preeminent; beyond, greatly
ἔξω  outward, outside
ἔοικα  seem ~icon
-- ἀεικής  shameful, unseemly
-- ἐπέοικε  be like, be proper
-- ἐπιεικής  fitting
-- ἴκελος  resembling
ἑός  his/her own
ἐπαιγίζω  rush onwards
ἐπαινέω  concur, concur with
-- αἰνέω  praise, approve, acquiesce in
ἐπασσύτερος  one after another
ἐπαυρέω  touch, reap an outcome
ἐπεί  after; because
ἐπείγω  weigh on, drive
ἔπειτα  thereupon
ἐπέλπομαι  hope for
ἐπενήνοθε  be on
ἐπήν  when, after
ἐπί  on, at ~epitaph
-- μετόπισθε  back, from behind
-- ὀπίσω  after, back
-- ὀψέ  late, in evening
-- ὀψίγονος  posterity; late-born (ὀψέ)
ἐπιάχω  shout assent or defiance
ἐπιγράφω  scratch, graze
-- γράφω  scratch, incise ~photograph
ἐπιδευής  needy, lacking (+gen)
ἐπιδινέω  whirl
ἐπιμαίομαι  aim at, strike, touch
-- μαίομαι  search, seek out, seize
ἐπιμάσσομαι  handle, touch
ἐπιμέμφομαι  blame
ἐπιμύζω  murmur at
ἐπινηνέω  pile up
ἐπίρροθος  cheerleader
ἐπιστεφής  filled to the brim
ἐπιστέφω  fill to the brim
ἐπισφύρια  silver leg guards
ἐπίσωτρον  metal tire
ἐπιτάρροθος  [unknown]
ἐπιτηδές  enough; purposely
ἐπιτροχάδη  fluently
ἕπομαι  follow, support ~sequel
ἐπομφάλιος  of the boss of a shield
ἐπορούω  rush at
-- ἀνορούω  leap up
-- ὀρούω  rush, spring
ἔπος  speech, story ~epic
-- ἀπτοεπής  word-thrower (ἔπος)
-- ἐπεσβόλος  word-throwing
ἑπτά  seven
-- ἑβδόματος  seventh
-- ἑπταβόειος  of seven layers of ox-hide
-- ἑπτάπυλος  seven-gated
ἔρδω  do, perform ~ergonomics
-- ἀνεέργω  hold back
-- ἀποέργω  separate, keep out (ἔργω)
-- ἐργάζομαι  work, function well
-- ἔργον  work, strife
-- ἔργω  =ἔρδω
-- εὐεργής  well made, serving
-- καταρρέζω  pat, stroke (ῥέζω)
-- ῥέζω  do, make, perform sacrifices
ἐρεβεννός  dark, murky
ἐρεείνω  ask a question
ἐρείδω  lean, prop
-- ἐπερείδω  thrust in
ἐρείπω  pull down; aor: fall
-- κατερείπω  be destroyed
ἐρεμνός  dark, murky
ἐρέπτομαι  feed on
ἐρέτης  oarsman, oar ~row
-- ἐρέσσω  to row
-- ἐρετμόν  oar
-- προερέσσω  row ahead
ἐρέφω  cover
-- ὑψερεφής  high-roofed
-- ὑψόροφος  high-roofed, lofty
ἐρῆμος  (f.) empty
ἐρητύω  hold back
ἐρίγδουπος  thundering
ἐριδαίνω  quarrel, compete
ἐρίηρος  worthy, faithful
ἐριθηλής  flourishing
ἐρικυδής  very famous
ἐρινεός  fig tree
ἔρις  strife
-- ἐρίζω  struggle, contend
-- ἔρισμα  cause of strife
ἕρκος  bulwark ~oath
-- ἐπίορκος  falsely, perjuring
-- ὅρκος  oath ~orc
ἕρμα  prop; earring
ἔρομαι  ask a question
-- ἀνέρομαι  =ἔρομαι, ask a question
-- ἐξέρομαι  inquire about, ask someone
ἔρος  love; appetite
-- ἔραμαι  (fall in) love
-- ἐρατεινός  pleasant, delightful
-- ἐρατός  lovely
-- ἔρως  love, desire
ἐρύω  pull, drag; guard
-- ἀπερύκω  keep off
-- αὐερύω  pull back
-- ἐξερύω  draw out, haul off
-- ἔρρω  go, with neg. connot.
-- ἐρύκω  hold back
-- ἔρυμα  protection
-- κατερύκω  hold back
-- προερύω  drag forward
-- ῥύομαι  =ἐρύω, to protect
ἔρχομαι  go, walk, leave, come
-- ἀνέρχομαι  go up; return
-- διέρχομαι  pierce, traverse
-- εἰσέρχομαι  enter
-- ἐλεύθερος  not enslaved
-- ἐξέρχομαι  go out
-- ἐπέρχομαι  approach, arrive
-- κατέρχομαι  come down, out from
-- μετέρχομαι  seek, visit
-- παρέρχομαι  pass, escape
ἐρωέω  rush
ἐρωή  quick motion; pause
ἐρωτάω  ask about something
ἐσθίω  eat ~eat
-- κατεσθίω  devour
ἐσθλός  doughty, moral, excellent
ἐσσύμενος  hurrying
ἐσχατάω  be at the edge
ἔσχατος  farthest, last
ἑταῖρος  companion
ἐτεός  true
-- ἐτήτυμος  true, real
ἑτεραλκής  turning the tide
ἕτερος  one or the other of
-- ἑτέρωθεν  from/on the other side
-- ἑτέρωθι  opposite, elsewhere, anywhere
-- ἑτέρωσε  the other side
ἔτης  fellow townsman?
ἔτι  still, yet ~eddy
ἑτοῖμος  ready
-- ἑτοιμάζω  get ready
ἔτος  year
-- οἰέτης  equal in age
ἐτώσιος  vain, fruitless
εὖ  well
εὔδμητος  well built ~timber
εὕδω  sleep, lie down, rest
εὔκηλος  at ease, peaceful
ἐυκτίμενος  well built
ἐύκτιτος  well built
εὐνή  bed
-- εὐνάω  have sex with (εὐνή)
εὔξοος  of polished metal
εὔπηκτος  well built
ἐυπλεκής  well braided
ἐϋπλόκαμος  lovely-haired
εὔπρυμνος  with goodly stern
εὔπωλος  abounding in foals
εὑρίσκω  find ~eureka
-- ἐφευρίσκω  come upon
εὖρος  width
ἐΰρροος  with fair streams
εὐρύοπα  far-sounding
εὐρύς  wide
-- εὐρυάγυια  having wide streets
-- εὐρυσθενής  far-powered
-- εὐρύχορος  with broad dancing places
εὔσελμος  well-benched
ἐΰσσωτρος  well-wheeled
εὖτε  when, as, since
ἐΰτροχος  well wheeled
εὔχομαι  declare, boast; pray ~vow
-- ἐπεύχομαι  exult (over); pray
-- εὐχετάομαι  exult, pray
-- εὐχή  prayer
-- εὖχος  glory, triumph
-- εὐχωλή  prayer, boast
εὐώδης  fragrant
ἔφαλος  coastal
ἐφέστιος  hearthside
ἐφετμή  law, order
ἐχεπευκής  piercing
ἔχθος  hatred
-- ἀπεχθαίρω  hate
-- ἀπεχθάνομαι  become hated ~external
-- ἀπέχθομαι  be hated, incur hatred
-- ἔχθιστος  most hated
-- ἐχθοδοπέω  incur hate from
-- ἐχθρός  hated, distasteful ~external
ἔχω  have, hold, hold back
-- ἀνέχω  raise; mid: endure, submit
-- ἀπέχω  ward off, drive off, refrain
-- διέχω  pass through
-- κατέχω  hold down; cover
-- περιέχω  encompass
-- ὑπερέχω  be over; protect
-- ὑπέχω  hold out one's hand; submit to
ζάθεος  holy
ζάκοτος  surly
ζατρεφής  well-nourished
ζαχρηής  furious, formidable
ζείδωρος  grain-giving
ζεύγνυμι  yoke, join
ζητέω  seek
ζυγόν  yoke, a joined pair ~zygote
-- δίζυξ  yoked in pairs
-- ὑψίζυγος  seated aloft
ζωγρέω  revive
ζώνη  girdle; waist, loins ~zone
-- εὔζωνος  well-girded
-- ζῶμα  loincloth
-- ζώννυμι  gird
-- ζωστήρ  warrior's belt
-- καλλίζωνος  fair-girdled
ζώω  live
-- ζωός  alive ~zoo
ἤ  or; than
ἦ  truly; interrogative particle
ἠβαιός  trifling, small, few
ἥβη  youth ~Hebe
-- ἡβάω  be young (ἥβη)
-- πρώθηβος  in the first bloom of youth (ἥβη)
ἡγεμονεύω  lead
ἡγέομαι  go before, lead ~hegemony
-- ἐξηγέομαι  lead forth to battle
-- ἡγεμών  leader, guide, chief
-- ἡγήτωρ  guide, leader, ἡγεμών
ἠδέ  ἠμέν ... ἠδέ ...: both ... and ...
ἤδη  now, already, truly!
ἡδύς  sweet, pleasant ~hedonism
-- ἁνδάνω  please
-- ἐπιανδάνω  please
-- ἥδομαι  be pleased, enjoy
-- ἦδος  pleasure
-- ἡδυεπής  sweet-speaking
-- νήδυμος  sweet
ἠέ  or; than
ἠέλιος  sun
ἠερέθομαι  flutter, take wing
ἠθεῖος  reliable, beloved ~ethos
-- ἦθος  habit, habitat
ἠΐθεος  unmarried youth
ἠϊόεις  epithet of a river
ἠϊών  beach
ἦκα  gently, softly
ἥκω  have come
ἠλακάτη  distaff, spindle
ἠλάσκω  wander about
ἠλέκτωρ  brilliantly shining ~electrum
ἧμαι  sit, lie
-- πάρημαι  sit beside
ἦμαρ  day
-- αὐτῆμαρ  the same day
-- ἡμέρη  =ἦμαρ, day
-- πανημέριος  all-day
-- σήμερον  today
ἠμέν  both (with ἠδέ)
ἡμέτερος  our, ours
ἠμί  said
-- ἄνωγα  to command, order
-- ἀνώγω  order, bid
ἥμισυς  half ~hemisphere
-- ἡμίονος  mule
-- ἡμιτελής  half-finished
ἦμος  when (relative)
ἠμύω  bow, droop
ἡνία  reins
-- ἡνίοχος  rein holder
-- ὑφηνίοχος  driver (for)
ἦνις  yearling
ἠνορέη  manliness
ἧπαρ  liver ~hepatic
ἤπειρος  (f.) firm land
ἠπεροπεύω  deceive
-- ἠπεροπευτής  deceiver
ἤπιος  kind (adj)
-- ἠπιόδωρος  gently-giving (ἤπιος)
ἠπύτα  loud-voiced
ἦρι  early in the morning
-- ἠέριος  in early morning
-- ἠριγένεια  early-born
ἥρως  hero ~hero
ἤτοι  truly; either, or
ἦτορ  heart ~uterus
-- μεγαλήτωρ  greathearted
ἠΰς  good, brave, noble
ἠΰτε  like
ἠχή  noise
-- ἠχήεις  roaring, echoing
-- περιηχέω  ring all around
ἧχι  where (rel. adv.)
ἠώς  dawn ~Eocene
-- ἧος  for a time
-- ἠῶθεν  at first light
-- ὑπηοῖος  early, of dawn
-- ἠοῖος  eastern, the morning
θᾶκος  seat, chair
θάλαμος  bedchamber ~thalamus
θάλασσα  sea
θαλάσσιος  marine, maritime
θαλερός  thriving, vigorous ~thallium
-- θάλεια  plentiful (θαλερός)
-- τηλεθάω  luxuriant (θαλερός)
θαλπωρή  warming, cheering
θαμβέω  be amazed
-- θάμβος  amazement
θαμέες  crowded
θαρσέω  dare
-- ἐπιθαρσύνω  encourage
-- θαρσαλέος  bold, over-bold
-- θάρσος  boldness, over-boldness
-- θαρσύνω  encourage
θαῦμα  a wonder, feeling of surprise ~theater
-- θαυμάζω  marvel
-- θεάομαι  look at, behold, consider
θεά  goddess ~theology
θείνω  strike, wound ~offend
-- ἀνδρειφόντης  man-slaying (φόνος)
-- ἀνδροφόνος  murderous
-- φονεύς  killer
-- φόνος  killing
θεῖος  divine; uncle
θέμεθλα  eye socket, lower part (of the throat)
θέμις  established law
θέναρ  palm
θεός  god ~theology
-- ἀντίθεος  godlike
-- ἠγάθεος  most holy
-- θέαινα  goddess
-- θεοειδής  godlike
-- θεοείκελος  godlike
-- θεοπροπέω  to prophesy
-- θεοπροπία  prophecy
-- θεοπρόπιον  prophecy
-- θεόφιν  gen/dat of θεός
θεράπων  helper, henchman, servant ~therapy
θερμός  warm, hot
-- θέρος  summer
-- θέρω  warm up ~thermos
θέσκελος  wondrous
θέσφατος  divinely ordained
θέω  run, run for
-- θοός  swift
θήγω  sharpen
θῆλυς  female
-- τιθήνη  nurse, wet nurse ~tit
θήν  surely
θήρ  wild animal ~megatherium
-- θήρα  hunt (θήρ)
-- θηρητήρ  hunter (θήρ)
-- θηρίον  =θηρ, wild animal
θίς  beach, heap
θλάω  smash, crush
θλίβω  press
θνῄσκω  die ~euthanasia
-- ἀθάνατος  undying
-- θάνατος  death ~Thanos
-- θνητός  mortal
-- καταθνῄσκω  die, be dead
-- καταθνητός  mortal
θρασύς  brave, strong
-- θρασυμέμνων  stout-hearted
θρίξ  hair ~tresses
-- καλλίθριξ  beautiful-haired
-- ὄθριξ  like-haired
θρόνα  embroidered designs
θρόνος  seat, chair, throne ~throne
-- ἐΰθρονος  well-seated
θρόος  sound
θρῴσκω  spring, dart
-- ἀποθρώσκω  leap from
-- ἐπιθρῴσκω  jump on, over
-- θοῦρος  fierce ~dart
-- ὑπερθρῴσκω  jump over
θυγάτηρ  daughter ~daughter
θύελλα  violent storm ~θύω
-- θύω  rush in, storm
θυμός  soul, spirit
-- εὔθυμος  well-disposed
-- θυμαλγής  heart-grieving
-- θυμοβόρος  heart-eating
-- θυμολέων  lion-hearted
-- θυμοφθόρος  heart-crushing (θυμός)
-- μεγάθυμος  great-hearted
-- προθυμίη  zeal, alacrity
-- ὑπέρθυμος  great-hearted; arrogant
θύνω  run, rush
θύος  sacrifice
-- θυήεις  fragrant of sacrifice
-- θύσθλα  sacred implements of Bacchic orgies
θύρα  door ~door
-- θύραζε  out, out of
-- θύρετρα  door
θύσανος  tassel
θυσσανόεις  tasseled
θώραξ  corselet; torso
θώς  jackal
ἰάλλω  shoot, send; bind
-- προϊάλλω  send forth
ἰάχω  scream
-- ἰαχή  shout
ἰδέ  and
ἰδνόομαι  bend the body
ἱδρύω  cause to sit
ἱδρώς  sweat
-- ἱδρόω  sweat
ἱερός  holy, holy thing ~hieroglyph
-- ἱέρεια  priestess
-- ἱερεύς  priest
-- ἱερεύω  slaughter a sacrifice
-- ἱρός  =ἱερός
ἵζω  to seat ~sit
-- ἕζομαι  sit
-- ἐνέζομαι  sit in
-- ἐφέζομαι  sit on; bring aboard
-- παρέζομαι  sit beside
ἵημι  release, utter, desire, aim at
-- ἀνίημι  let go, propel
-- ἀφίημι  let go, allow
-- ἐπιπροΐημι  send forth to (+dat)
-- ἐφίημι  send to, let fly
-- μεθίημι  let go
-- προίημι  send forth, abandon
-- ξυνίημι  send together; (+gen) hear
-- ὑφίημι  to lower
ἰητήρ  doctor ~pediatrician
-- ἰάομαι  cure
ἴθμα  gait
ἰθύς  straight; course ~justice
-- ἰθύνω  straighten, aim, guide
-- ἰθύω  charge at, head for
ἴκμενος  fair (of a wind)
ἱκνέομαι  reach, arrive at
-- ἀφικάνω  be arrived
-- ἀφικνέομαι  arrive
-- ἐξικνέομαι  arrive at (ἱκνέομαι)
-- ἱκάνω  reach, arrive at
-- ἵκω  go, arrive
ἰλαδόν  in crowds
ἴλαος  propitious, gracious
-- ἱλάομαι  appease
-- ἱλάσκομαι  appease
ἱμάς  strap
-- ἱμάσθλη  whip, thong
-- ἱμάσσω  whip
ἵμερος  desire, inclination (+gen)
-- ἱμερόεις  desirable
ἱμερτός  delightful
ἰνίον  back of the skull
ἰόμωρος  eager with arrows?
ἰός  selfsame
-- ἄπιος  thus, distant
ἰότης  will, wish
ἴουλος  whisker
ἱππηλάσιος  fit for chariots
ἵππος  horse ~hippo
-- ἵππειος  of horses
-- ἱππεύς  charioteer
-- ἱππηλασίη  fit for chariots
-- ἱππηλάτα  charioteer
-- ἱππιοχαίτης  made of horse hair
-- ἱππόβοτος  grazed
-- ἱππόδαμος  horse-taming
-- ἱπποδάσεια  bushy with horse hair
-- ἱπποκορυστής  marshaller of chariots
-- ἱπποσύνη  horsemanship
-- ἱππότης  horseman
-- ἵππουρις  plumed
ἴπτομαι  smite, punish; aor. oppress
ἴς  force, muscle
ἶσος  equal
-- ἔισος  =ῖσος, equal
-- ἰσόθεος  godlike
-- ἰσοφαρίζω  rival, vie with
ἵστημι  stand, set; cause ~station
-- ἀνίστημι  stand up; arouse
-- ἀφίστημι  be idle; stand apart
-- διίστημι  stand apart ~stand
-- ἐξυπανίστημι  start up from under
-- ἐπανίστημι  rise up at one's bidding
-- ἐπίσταμαι  know how, understand
-- ἐπισταμένως  deftly
-- ἐφίστημι  take a stand
-- μεθίστημι  change; take a stand
-- παρίστημι  stand, be present
-- περιίστημι  stand around; enfold
-- προΐστημι  put forward
-- στατός  penned up (ἵστημι)
-- ὑφίστημι  promise, undertake
ἱστός  mast, loom ~stand
-- ἄπιστος  not trusting, not trustworthy
-- ἱστίον  sail
-- ἱστοδόκη  mast-holder
ἰσχίον  hip-joint, haunch
ἴσχω  restrain, hold back ~ischemia
-- ἄσχετος  unrestrainable
-- ἰσχανάω  be eager for
-- καταΐσχω  control, keep; land
-- παρέχω  furnish
-- παρίσχω  keep ready
-- σχεδίην  at close quarters
-- σχεδόν  near, approximately at
-- σχέτλιος  tough
ἴτυς  rim
ἴφθιμος  strong
-- ἶφι  by force, mightily
-- ἴφιος  strong, fat, goodly
ἰχώρ  blood of a god
ἰωή  to rush, sweep
ἰωκή  rout, pursuit
-- ἰωχμός  fleeing and chasing crowd
The glosses and the software to produce this text are open source: https://github.com/bcrowell/ransom (Many of the glosses are either from Cunliffe or from Wiktionary, which has a license compatible with mine.) This is a complete list of vocabulary for books 1-8 of the Iliad.

So for example, I have a group of words that are all cognate with English "angel," and as the easiest and most representative word from that group I have ἄγγελος. The word ἄγγελος is listed in alphabetical order, with the English gloss and the cognate that helps in remembering it. Then, indented under that, I have a set of related words such as ἀγγέλλω.

Most words are close to their representative "head" word in alphabetical order, so usually you can find a word of interest simply by scanning through the list by eye. Or if you can guess that ἐξαγγέλλω must be a compound, then it's not that hard to figure out that you should look under αγ-. One could of course generate an index, or if such a presentation is being used on a computer you can just search.

I'm curious whether anyone has seen other methods of organization or presentation, either similar to this or different from it, and what they think works well for learning. Personally I'm finding that it helps to have multiple ways of encountering and reencountering the words (flash cards, Cunliffe, vocab aids alongside the text of Homer, ...).
Last edited by bcrowell on Thu Oct 06, 2022 8:59 pm, edited 1 time in total.
Ben Crowell, Fullerton, California
Ransom is an innovative presentation of Homer made with open-source software: https://bitbucket.org/ben-crowell/ransom

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Re: a visualization of Homeric vocabulary using groups of cognates

Post by bcrowell »

κ-ω:

Code: Select all

καγχαλάω  laugh triumphantly
καθάπτω  mp: address
καθαρός  clean
καθεύδω  lie down
καθίζω  seat, set
-- καθέζομαι  sit down
-- κάθημαι  sit
-- προκαθίζω  keep settling forward
καθύπερθε  above, from above
καί  and
καίνυμαι  excel, be superior to
καίριος  deadly
καίω  burn ~caustic
-- κατακαίω  burn down
-- καῦμα  heat
-- κήλειος  burning, blazing (καίω)
κακός  bad, evil, ugly, base ~cacophony
-- κακότης  badness
καλέω  summon, name ~gallo
-- ἐπίκλησις  nickname; nominally (καλέω)
-- κικλήσκω  summon, name
-- κλυτός  renowned
-- περικλυτός  highly renowned (καλέω)
-- προκαλέω  challenge, call out
-- προκαλίζομαι  =προκαλέω, challenge
-- συγκαλέω  call together
καλός  good, beautiful, noble ~kaleidoscope
-- κάλη  =καλός
-- κάλλος  beauty
καλύπτω  to cover with, hide ~apocalypse
-- ἀμφικαλύπτω  surround, wrap
κάμνω  exert oneself, get tired
-- ἀκάματος  tireless (κάμνω)
-- κάματος  exhaustion, toil, product
κάμπτω  bend, bend in exhaustion
-- καμπύλος  bent, curved
κανών  weaving rod
καπνός  smoke
-- καπνίζω  make smoke
κάπρος  boar
κάρη  head (n) ~cranium
-- κάρηνον  head, mountaintop, citadel
-- κρείων  lord
καρπάλιμος  quick
καρπός  wrist; fruit, grain
καρτερός  strong, staunch
-- καρτερόθυμος  stout-hearted
κασίγνητος  brother, sister
-- αὐτοκασίγνητος  whole-blooded brother
-- κασιγνήτη  sister
κατά  against; downward ~cataract
κατακείω  go to rest
-- κείω  rest, go to rest
καταμύσσω  tear, scratch
κατανεύω  nod
-- ἀνανεύω  raise the chin to say no
-- δινεύω  turn, whirl, roam
-- νεύω  nod
καταφυλαδόν  by tribes
κατέπεφνον  kill
κατηπιάω  assuage
κατηφείη  a cause of disgrace
κεδάννυμι  scatter, break ranks
-- σκεδάννυμι  shed, disperse
κεῖμαι  lie
-- ἐπίκειμαι  impose; shut a door
-- κειμήλιον  a valuable (κεῖμαι)
-- παρακοίτης  husband
-- παράκοιτις  wife
κεινός  empty, vain
κείρω  shave, raze
-- διακείρω  thwart (κείρω)
κεκαφηώς  breathe forth
κελαδέω  shout, cheer
κελαινός  black
-- κελαινεφής  black with clouds
κελεύω  command, urge
-- κέλευθος  (f.) road
κέλομαι  command, urge
κενεών  flank
κεντρηνεκής  goaded along?
κέντωρ  skillful driver
-- κέντρον  goading rod?
κεραΐζω  slay, ravage ~caries
κέραμος  clay vessel ~ceramic
κεράννυμι  mix ~crater
-- ἄκρατος  pure, unmixed
-- ἐγκεράννυμι  mix within (κεράννυμι)
κέρας  horn
-- κεραοξόος  (working in) horn
-- κεραός  horned ~ceratopsia
κεραυνός  thunderbolt
κερδίων  more/most advantageous, cunning (κέρδος)
-- κερδαλεόφρων  crafty-minded (κέρδος)
-- κέρδος  advantage, cunning
κερτομέω  mock
κερτόμιος  heart-cutting
κεύθω  cover, hide ~cuticle
-- ἐπικεύθω  withhold, keep a lid on
-- κευθάνω  =κεύθω, cover, hide
κεφαλή  head; height ~gable
κῆδος  sorrow ~heinous
-- κήδω  distress
κῆλον  arrow shaft
κῆπος  garden, orchard
κήρ  doom, death, fate
-- ἀκήριος  lifeless, spiritless
-- κηρεσσιφόρητος  borne by doom (κήρ)
κῆρ  heart ~cardiac
κῆρυξ  henchman, gofer
-- κηρύσσω  be a henchman, summon people
κηώδης  fragrant-smoked
-- κηώεις  fragrant-smoked
κίδναμαι  be spread
-- ἐπικίδνημι  spread over
κίθαρις  cithara, lyre; lyre playing
-- κιθαριστύς  cithara playing
κινέω  set in motion, move, remove ~kinetic
-- κίνυμαι  get moving
κιχάνω  overtake, encounter, reach ~go
-- χήρη  widow ~heir
κίω  go
κλαγγηδόν  shrieking
κλάζω  scream, clang ~klaxon
-- κλαγγή  clang, shriek
κλαίω  weep
κλάω  break, break off
-- διακλάω  break in two ~iconoclast
-- ἐνικλάω  thwart ~iconoclast
κλέος  fame ~Euclid
-- ἀγακλεής  very famous (κλέος)
-- ἀγακλειτός  very famous (κλέος)
-- ἀγακλυτός  very famous (κλέος)
-- ἀκλειῶς  without fame, inglorious
-- δυσκλεής  infamous
-- ἐϋκλείη  good repute (κλέος)
-- κλειτός  renowned
-- κλύω  hear, listen to
-- τηλεκλειτός  far-renowned
κλέπτω  steal
-- ἐκκλέπτω  steal, rescue from
-- κλέπτης  thief
κληΐς,  bar, bolt; collar bone ~clef
κληΐω  close
κλῆρος  a cast lot, a religious one ~clergy
κλίνω  lean, recline ~incline
-- ἀνακλίνω  lean back
-- ἐγκλίνω  rest on
-- κλισίη  hut, tent
-- κλισίηθεν  hut+from
-- κλισμός  couch (κλίνω)
κλονέω  stampede
-- κλόνος  confusion, panic, agitation
κλωμακόεις  rugged?
κνέφας  dark, dusk
κνημίς  greave
κνῖσα  smell of burned fat
κοῖλος  hollow ~hollow
κοιμάω  put to sleep
-- κατακοιμάομαι  sleep; have sex
κοιρανέω  rule
-- κοίρανος  ruler, chief
κολεόν  sheath
κολλητός  skillfully joined
κόλπος  bosom
κολῳάω  scold screechingly
κολώνη  hill, mound
κολῳός  din
κόμη  hair ~comet
-- ἀκρόκομος  topknotted
-- εὔκομος  lovely-haired
-- κομάω  have long hair
κομίζω  take care of
-- κομέω  =κομίζω, take care of
-- κομιδή  tending, supply (κομίζω)
κοναβέω  clash, resound
-- κοναβίζω  clash, resound
κονίη  dust
-- κονίσαλος  cloud of dust (κονίη)
κόπτω  beat, cut, strike
κόρος  one's fill ~cereal
-- ἀκόρητος  insatiable (κόρος)
-- ἐπικουρέω  fight in another's cause
-- ἐπίκουρος  ally
-- κορεσσάμην  mid: have enough
-- κοῦρος  young man
κόρση  temple (forehead)
κορυνήτης  club-bearer (κορύνη)
-- κορύνη  club, shepherd's staff
κόρυς  helmet
-- κορυθαίολος  with glancing helmet
-- κορύσσομαι  arm oneself (κόρυς)
-- κορυστής  marshaller
-- κορυφή  peak, crown
-- κορυφόω  come to a head
κορώνη  gull, crow; curve, hook ~crown
-- κορωνίς  curved
κοσμέω  marshal, array
-- διακοσμέω  marshal
-- κατακοσμέω  fit in place
κόσμος  order; adornment ~cosmos
-- ἄκοσμος  disorderly
-- κοσμήτωρ  commander
κοτέω  hold a grudge against
-- κοτήεις  bearing a grudge
κοτύλη  hip socket
κουρά  clipping of hair, wool
κούρη  girl
-- κουρίδιος  wedded, nuptial
κουρότερος  younger
κραδάω  brandish
κραδίη  heart ~cardiac
κραίνω  accomplish
-- ἐπικραίνω  grant
κραιπνός  swift
κραναός  rocky, rugged
κρανίον  skull
κράς  head
κρατήρ  mixing bowl for wine
κράτιστος  best
κράτος  strength, power; victory ~democracy
-- κάρτος  =κράτος
-- κραταιός  mighty, irresistible
-- κρατερός  strong, steadfast
-- κρατερῶνυξ  strong-clawed/hoofed
-- κρατέω  rule
κρέας  meat ~creatine
κρείσσων  more powerful
κρεμάννυμι  hang
κρήγυος  good, useful, agreeable
κρήνη  well, spring
-- κρουνός  spring (of water)
κρῖ  barley
κρίνω  sift, separate, choose ~critic
-- ἀκριτόμυθος  babbling, indistinct
-- ἄκριτος  indiscriminate, endless
-- ἀποκρίνω  to separate
-- διακρίνω  separate, sort
-- κριτός  chosen, appointed
κροαίνω  pound with hoofs
κροκόπεπλος  saffron-robed
κρόταφος  temple (forehead)
κρυόεις  freezing, numbing
κρυπτάδιος  secret
κρύπτω  hide, cover ~cryptic
κτέαρ  possession
κτείνω  kill
-- ἀποκτείνω  kill
-- κατακτείνω  kill, slay
κτῆμα  possession
-- κτάομαι  acquire, possess (κτῆμα)
-- κτέομαι  get, obtain, incur, own
-- κτῆσις  chattels
-- φιλοκτέανος  greedy
κτίλος  ram
κτυπέω  crash
κυάνεος  dark, dark blue
κυδαίνω  confer kudos
κυδοιμός  confusion, uproar
κῦδος  glory, renown ~kudos
-- κυδάλιμος  renowned
-- κυδιάνειρα  glorious
-- κυδιάω  bear oneself proudly
-- κύδιστος  most glorious
κυκάω  stir, mix
κύκλος  circle, wheel ~cycle
-- εὔκυκλος  well wheeled, rounded
-- κυκλέω  carry on wheels
-- κυκλόσε  in/into a circle
-- κυκλοτερής  rounded (by wear)
κύκνος  swan ~Cygnus
κυλίνδω  roll ~cylinder
-- ἐκκυλίνδω  roll from
κῦμα  wave
κύμβαχος  headlong, crest
κυνέω  kiss
κυπάρισσος  cypress
κύπελλον  goblet
κύπτω  stoop, bend down
κύρμα  prey
κυρτός  curved, humped ~kurtosis
κύρω  come upon, come up against
κύστις  bladder
κυφός  bent, curved
κύων  dog ~hound
-- κυνέη  dog-skin helmet
-- κύντατος  most dog-like
-- κυνώπης  dog-eyed
κῶμα  deep sleep ~coma
κώπη  handle ~capture
-- κάπη  manger
λᾶας  stone
-- λάινος  of stone
λάβρος  blustering, torrential
λαγχάνω  be allotted
λάζομαι  grasp, seize
λαῖλαψ  big storm
λαισήιον  hide shield
λαμβάνω  take, grasp ~epilepsy
λάμπω  shed beams of light ~lamp
-- ἀπολάμπω  shine forth
-- λαμπετάω  shine
-- λαμπρός  brilliant
λανθάνω  escape notice; mp forget ~Lethe
-- ἐκλανθάνω  forget, cause to forget
-- λάθρῃ  secretly (λανθάνω)
λάξ  with the foot
λαός  people, army ~laypeople
λαπάρη  flank ~laparoscopy
λάσιος  shaggy, overgrown
-- λάχνη  soft hair, down
-- λαχνήεις  shaggy
-- λάχνος  wool ~lanolin
λαυκανίη  throat
λέγω  lay; gather; count ~legion
-- καταλέγω  relate in detail; mp: lie down (λέγω)
-- λόγος  word ~monolog
λείβω  libate
λείπω  leave something; depart ~eclipse
-- καταλείπω  leave behind
λειριόεις  lily-like, cicada-like
λελίημαι  be eager, hasty
λέπαδνον  yoke strap
λέπω  peel
λευκός  white ~light
-- λευκώλενος  white-armed
λεύσσω  look
-- ἐπιλεύσσω  see across/over
λέχος  couch, marriage bed ~lie
-- ἄλοχος  wife
-- λεχεποίη  meadowy
-- λόχος  ambush, band, childbirth
-- παραλέχομαι  mid: have sex with
λέων  lion
λήγω  cease ~lax
-- ἀπολήγω  cease, desist from
λήθη  forgetting
-- ἐπιλήθω  mp: forget ~Lethe
λήιον  standing grain
λιάζομαι  recoil, drop
-- ἀλίαστος  unceasing
λίαν  very
λίγγω  twang
λιγύς  clear, shrill
-- λιγυρός  clear, whistling
-- λιγύφθογγος  clear-voiced
λίθος  (f.) stone ~monolith
λικμάω  winnow
λιλαίομαι  want to do, to happen
λιμήν  harbor, refuge ~limnic
-- λειμών  meadow
-- λίμνη  lake, marsh, basin, sea
λιμός  famine
λίνον  cord, net, bedsheet
-- λινοθώρηξ  linen-tunicked
λίπα  richly
λιπαρός  oily, anointed ~lipid
λίς  =λεῖος, smooth
-- λειαίνω  to smooth, polish
-- λεῖος  smooth
λίσσομαι  beg, beseech ~litany
-- λιτή  prayer
λοιβή  libation
λοιγός  death, ruin
-- λοίγιος  pestilent
λοιμός  plague
λούω  wash, bathe
λόφος  nape of the neck
λυγρός  pitiful; woe-bringing
λύθρον  gore
λύκος  wolf ~lycanthropy
λῦμα  ablution
λύσσα  battle rage
-- λυσσητήρ  berserker (λύσσα)
-- λυσσώδης  raging
λύω  loosen, free ~loose
-- ἀπολύω  loose, free from
-- ἐκλύω  rescue from
-- καταλύω  unyoke; destroy
-- ὑπολύω  free from
λώβη  unjust, outrageous treatment
-- λωβάομαι  maltreat
-- λωβητήρ  spiteful or worthless one
λωίων  more desirable
λωτός  clover?
μά  by (in oaths)
μαζός  nipple, breast
-- μεταμάζιος  between the breasts
μαιμάω  be very eager
μαίνομαι  be berserk
-- ἐπιμαίνομαι  desire madly
μάκαρ  fortunate
-- μάκαπ  =μάκαρ, fortunate
μάκαρος  happy ~macarism
μακρός  long, tall
μάλα  very
μαλακός  soft
μάλιστα  greatly
μᾶλλον  more, more strongly
μανθάνω  learn, be trained ~math
μάντις  seer ~mantis
-- μαντεύομαι  to divine
-- μαντοσύνη  gift of prophecy
μαργαίνω  rage
μαρμαίρω  gleam, sparkle
μάρναμαι  fight
μάρπτω  grab, overtake
-- καταμάρπτω  catch up
μάρτυρος  witness
-- ἐπιμάρτυρος  witness against
μάστιξ  whip
-- μαστίζω  whip
ματάω  be clumsy, shirk
μάχαιρα  knife, dagger
μάχη  battle
-- ἀγχιμαχητής  fighting up close
-- ἀμφιμάχομαι  fight around
-- μαχητής  warrior
-- μάχομαι  fight (+dat), contend
-- προμαχίζω  be champion, in vanguard
-- πρόμαχος  foremost fighter, champion
μάψ  in vain, indecently, frivolously
-- μαψιδίως  vainly, heedlessly
μεγαίρω  begrudge, be unwilling
μεγακήτης  with mighty deeps
-- κητώεις  canyoned
μέγας  big, great, marvelous ~megaton
-- μέγαρον  large hall
-- μέγεθος  tall, big (person)
μεθάλλομαι  rush after
μεθέπω  pursue
μεθήμων  lazy, relaxed
μέθυ  wine ~mead
μειδάω  smile
-- ἐπιμειδάω  smile at
-- μειδιάω  =μειδάω, smile
-- φιλομμειδής  ever-smiling
μειλίσσω  soften, soothe
μειλίχιος  pleasing, gentle
μείρομαι  receive as a portion ~Moira
μείς  month
μείων  less, smaller
μέλαθρον  roofbeam
μελαίνω  make/become dark
μελάντερος  darker
μέλας  dark ~melanin
-- ἀμφιμέλας  black all around
-- μελάνω  grow dark
μελίη  ash spear; ash tree
-- ἐϋμμελίης  wielder of the ash spear
-- μέλι  honey, a sweet
-- μελιηδής  honey-sweet
-- μέλινος  ashen; threshold
-- μέλισσα  bee
-- μελίφρων  honey-hearted
μέλλω  will, be fated, probably
μέλος  limb
μέλπω  celebrate in song
-- μολπή  dance, song
μέλω  be of concern
-- ἀμελέω  disregard (μέλω)
μέμαα  be eager, yearn, intend ~mental
-- μέμονα  be inclined, eager to
μέν  indeed; but yet; rather; know you
μένος  mind, spirit, prowess ~mind
-- μενεαίνω  be eager, desire
-- μενεπτόλεμος  staunch
μένω  stay, wait, remain ~remain
-- ἐπιμένω  wait, stay
-- μίμνω  remain, await, stand firm
-- ὑπομένω  stay behind, await
μέρμερος  baneful, evil
μερμηρίζω  ponder
μέροψ  bee-eater
μέσος  amid, moderate ~Mesopotamia
-- μεσηγύ  between
-- μέσσατος  in the middle
μέσφα  until
μετά  among; after (+acc)
-- μεταξύ  between
μεταδρομάδην  pursuing ~dromedary
μεταλλάω  interrogate, ask about
μεταμώνιος  vain, ineffectual
μετατρέπομαι  care about
μετρέω  measure, traverse
-- διαμετρέω  measure
-- διαμετρητός  measured ~diameter
μέτρον  measure
-- ἀμετροεπής  harsh-tongued
μέτωπον  forehead
μηδέ  and not; not even
μηδείς  no one
μήδομαι  plan ~meditate
-- μεδέων  =μέδων, ruler (μέδομαι)
-- μέδομαι  think of, plan for
-- μέδων  ruler (μέδομαι)
-- μήδεα  counsel, plan; genitals
-- μήστωρ  adviser; doer ~medical
μηκάομαι  bleat
μηκέτι  no more
μῆκος  length
-- μήκιστος  tallest; at long last
μήκων  poppy
μῆλον  sheep, small livestock
μήν  indeed; month
μῆνις  rage
-- ἀπομηνίω  be very angry
-- μηνίω  be enraged at
μῆρα  thigh bones
-- μηρία  thigh bones wrapped in fat
-- μηρός  thigh, femur
μήτηρ  mother ~maternal
-- μητρυιά  stepmother
-- μήτρως  maternal uncle
μητίομαι  be skillful; plan
μῆχος  means, remedy ~mechanism
-- ἀμήχανος  unremediable, helpless (μῆχος)
-- κακομήχανος  planning evil
-- μηχανάομαι  build, contrive
-- πολυμήχανος  resourceful
μιαίνω  stain
-- μιαιφόνος  blood-stained
μικρός  small
μιλτοπάρῃος  having red cheeks
μιμνάζω  linger
μιμνήσκω  remind; mid: remember ~mnemonic
μινύθω  diminish
-- μίνυνθα  momentarily ~minute
-- μινυνθάδιος  brief ~minute
μινυρίζω  whine, whimper
μίσγω  mix; have sex with ~mix
-- ἐπιμίσγω  deal with, fight
-- μίγδα  mingled (μίσγω)
-- συμμίσγω  mix with
μιστύλλω  cut up
μίτος  warp in weaving
μίτρη  metal waist guard
μνηστήρ  suitor ~mnemonic
-- μνάομαι  be mindful of, woo
-- μνηστή  wedded
μογέω  toil, suffer
-- μόγος  toil
μόθος  battle din
μοῖρα  portion, fate ~Moira
-- μοιρηγενής  fortune-begotten
μόνος  alone, only
μορμύρω  flow noisily
μόρος  portion, lot in life
-- ἄμμορος  ill-fated (μόρος)
-- μόρσιμος  fated
μόσχος  calf (animal)
μοχθέω  be afflicted
-- μοχθίζω  be afflicted
μυελός  marrow
μῦθος  word, speech, tale
-- μυθέομαι  say, tell
-- πολύμυθος  loquacious
μυῖα  fly
μυκάομαι  moo, creak, ring
μυλοειδής  as big as a mill stone
μυρίος  immense, myriad ~myriad
μύρομαι  weep
μυχός  recess, nook
μύω  close
μυών  muscle
μῶλος  turmoil of battle
-- ἀνεμώλιος  idle, vain
μωμάομαι  to blame
ναί  yea
ναίω  dwell; flow
-- ἀποναίω  expel, exile
-- ἀπονέομαι  come home
-- ναιετάω  dwell
-- ναός  temple, shrine
-- νάω  live in, inhabit
-- νέομαι  go; come home ~nostalgia
-- νόστος  homecoming ~nostalgia
νάπη  valley
ναρκάω  become numbed ~narcotic
νέατος  lowest, outermost
νεβρός  fawn
νείαιρα  bottom of
νεικέω  revile, quarrel, scold
-- νεῖκος  quarrel, battle
νεκρός  corpse ~necrotic
-- νεκάς  pile of bodies
νέκταρ  nectar
-- νεκτάρεος  fragrant
νέκυς  corpse ~necro
νέμεσις  indignation; cause for indignation ~nemesis
-- νεμεσάω  resent, blame
-- νεμεσητός  blameworthy
-- νεμεσίζομαι  resent, blame
νέος  young ~neon
-- νεαρός  young
-- νεώτατος  youngest
νεοσσός  nestling
νευρή  bowstring ~neuro
νεῦρον  tendon ~neuro
νεφέλη  cloud, fog ~nebula
-- νεφεληγερέτα  cloud-gatherer
-- νέφος  cloud
νηγάτεος  unknown meaning
νηλεής  merciless
νῆμα  thread, yarn
νηνεμίη  stillness, calm
νήπιος  childish, credulous
-- νηπίαχος  child-aged
νῆσος  (f.) island ~Polynesia
νηῦς  ship ~navy
-- ναύτης  sailor
-- νήιος  of or for a ship
νίζω  wash
-- ἄνιπτος  unwashed
νίκη  victory ~Nike
-- νικάω  win, defeat
νιφάς  snowflake; snow
-- ἀγάννιφος  snow-capped
νόθος  bastard
νομός  pasture
-- ἀμφινέμομαι  dwell around
-- νέμω  to allot, to pasture (νομός)
νόος  mind ~paranoia
-- νοέω  see, think
-- νόημα  perception, thought, plan
νόσος  (f.) disease
νοστέω  go home
-- ἀπονοστέω  go home
-- ἐκνοστέω  return alive
νόσφι  far from
-- ἀπονόσφι  distant, aloof
-- νοσφίζομαι  turn, turn in disgust
νοτίη  rain shower
νοῦσος  plague, pestilence ~noisome
νύμφη  nymph; bride
-- νυμφίος  bridegroom
νῦν  now
νύξ  night ~nocturnal
-- αὐτονυχί  tonight (νύξ)
-- παννύχιος  all-night
νυός  (f.) daughter-in-law
νύσσω  stab, hit, nudge
νωλεμές  ceaselessly
νωμάω  give out; wield
νῶροψ  gleaming (epithet of copper)
νῶτον  back (body part)
ξανθός  yellow
ξεῖνος  guest-friend, host, stranger ~xenophobe
-- ξεινήϊος  gift to a guest
-- ξεινοδόκος  host
-- ξενίη  hospitality
-- ξεινίζω  be host, treat as a guest
ξέω  smooth
-- ξεστός  polished, wrought
ξίφος  sword
ξύλον  piece of wood
ξυνήιος  common property
ξυστόν  pole arm
ὁ  demonstrative; pronoun; article
ὅ  relative pronoun
ὀαρίζω  converse with, dally (ὄαρ)
-- ὄαρ  wife
ὀβελός  rod, obelisk
ὄβριμος  mighty; heavy
-- ὀβριμοεργός  violence-doing
-- ὀβριμοπάτρη  mighty-sired
ὄγκος  barb of an arrow
ὀδάξ  with the teeth
ὅδε  this
ὁδός  (f.) threshold, road, journey ~cathode
-- οὐδός  =ὁδός
ὀδούς  tooth
-- ὀδών  tooth
ὀδύνη  pain ~anodyne
-- ὀδυνήφατος  painkilling (πέφνον)
ὀδύρομαι  lament
ὀδύσσομαι  be angry
ὄζος  branch
ὅθι  where
-- τηλόθι  distant
ὄθομαι  heed
ὀθόνη  linen
οἶδα  know, know of (+acc) ~wit
-- ἀΐδηλος  destructive
-- διαείδω  distinguish, learn of (οἶδα)
-- ἰδρείη  skill (οἶδα)
-- νῆις  unskilled (εἴδω)
ὀϊζύς  sorrow (οἴ)
οἶκος  house ~economics
-- οἴκαδε  homeward
-- οἰκεύς  house servant
-- οἰκέω  inhabit
-- οἰκίον  abode, nest
-- οἴκοθεν  from home
-- οἴκοθι  at home
-- οἴκοι  at home
-- οἶκόνδε  homeward
οἰμώζω  wail
-- ὀιζυρός  miserable
-- ὀιζύω  suffer
-- οἰμωγή  wailing
οἶνος  wine ~wine
-- οἰνίζομαι  get wine
-- οἰνοβαρής  heavy with wine
-- οἰνοχοεύω  pour wine
-- οἰνοχοέω  pour wine
-- οἰνοχόος  cupbearer
-- οἶνοψ  wine-dark
οἰόθεν  man to man
οἶος  only, single
-- οἰόω  leave alone (οἶος)
οἷος  such
ὄϊς  sheep ~ewe
οἶτος  fate, doom
οἴχομαι  come, go, leave, be gone
-- ἐξοίχομαι  go out
-- ἐποίχομαι  go to
-- μετοίχομαι  seek, visit
-- οἰχνέω  go, come (οἴχομαι)
-- παροίχομαι  pass, keep going
οΐω  suppose, hope
οἰωνός  vulture, omen ~avis
-- αἰετός  eagle
-- οἰωνιστής  bird-augur
-- οἰωνοπόλος  augur
ὀκνέω  shrink from, hesitate
-- ὄκνος  shrinking, hesitation
ὀκριόεις  jagged, rough
ὀκρυόεις  causing shuddering
ὀκτώ  eight
-- ὀγδοήκοντα  eighty
-- ὄγδοος  eighth
-- ὀκτάκνημος  eight-spoked
ὀλβιοδαίμων  happily protected by a daimon
ὀλέκω  destroy, kill
ὀλίγος  small, few ~oligarch
ὄλλυμι  destroy, kill, lose
-- ἀπόλλυμι  destroy (ὄλλυμι)
-- ἐξαπόλλυμι  disappear from
-- ὄλεθρος  ruin, destruction, death (ὄλλυμι)
-- ὀλοός  destructive (ὄλλυμι)
ὀλολυγή  women's ecstatic shout
ὀλοόφρων  malign
ὀλοφυδνός  piteous, woeful
ὀλοφύρομαι  lament, wail
ὄλυρα  spelt?
ὅμαδος  throng; uproar
ὄμβρος  storm
ὅμιλος  crowd, throng ~homily
-- μεθομιλέω  converse with
-- ὁμηγερής  gathered
-- ὁμηλικίη  of equal age
-- ὁμιλέω  associate with
ὁμίχλη  fog, cloud
ὄμμα  eye
ὄμνυμι  swear
ὁμοίϊος  (unknown)
ὁμοκλέω  give battle-cry
ὁμοκλή  rebuke, threat
ὀμόργνυμι  wipe off
ὁμός  same
-- ὁμοῖος  like ~homoerotic
-- ὁμοιόω  assimilate, liken ~homoerotic
-- ὁμῶς  together, equally, alike
ὁμοῦ  together
ὀμφαλόεις  having a knob
ὀμφαλός  belly button
ὀμφή  supernatural voice
-- πανομφαῖος  givig all omens (ὀμφή)
ὄναρ  dream
ὄνειδος  blame; insult
-- ὀνείδειος  reproachful
-- ὀνειδίζω  upbraid, reproach
ὀνειροπόλος  interpreter of dreams
ὄνειρος  dream
ὀνίνημι  help, please, be available
ὄνομα  name ~name
-- δυσώνυμος  of ill name (ὄνομα)
-- ἐξονομαίνω  name, speak of
-- ὀνομάζω  to name
-- ὀνομαίνω  to name
ὄνομαι  scorn, belittle
ὄνος  donkey ~onager
ὄνυξ  claw, nail, hoof, talon
-- μῶνυξ  uncloven hoofed
ὀξύς  sharp ~paroxysm
-- ὀξυβελής  sharp
-- ὀξυόεις  sharp
ὀπάζω  send with, chase
-- ὀπαδέω  follow, attend
-- ὀπάων  comrade
ὀπιπεύω  eye
ὄπισθεν  behind, hereafter
-- κατόπισθε  after, behind
-- ὀπίσσω  =ὀπίσω, back, after
ὀπίστατος  the last one
ὁπλή  hoof
ὁπλίζω  arm, ready
-- ἐφοπλίζω  prepare
ὁπλότερος  younger
ὀπός  fig juice
ὁπότε  when
ὁππότερος  which of two, either of two
ὀπτάω  roast, bake
-- ὀπταλέος  roasted
ὀπυίω  marry
ὀπώρη  fall (season)
-- ὀπωρινός  autumnal
ὁράω  see ~panorama
-- εἰσοράω  look at, see
-- ἐφοράω  look upon
-- ὦπα  eye ~cyclops
ὀρέγω  hold out, offer ~reach
-- ἐπορέγω  reach towards to strike
-- ὀρέγνυμι  reach out
-- ὀρεκτός  presented (arms)
ὀρθόω  stand up
-- ὀρθόκραιρος  upright-horned, tall-sterned
ὅρκιον  oath ~orc
ὅρμημα  struggles
ὅρμος  cord, chain, anchorage
ὄρνις  bird ~ornithology
ὄρνυμι  set upon, arouse ~hormone
-- ἀπόρνυμι  set forth
-- ἀφορμάω  depart, depart from
-- ἐνόρνυμι  stir up, inspire
-- ἐπόρνυμι  stir up
-- ἐρεθίζω  annoy ~Eris
-- ἐρέθω  =ἐρεθίζω, annoy
-- ἐφορμάω  incite against
-- ὀρίνω  stir up
-- ὁρμαίνω  stir up; debate ~ser
-- ὁρμάω  set in motion, rush at
-- ὁρμή  violent pressure, assault ~ser
-- συνορίνω  launch together
ὄρος  mountain, hill ~hormone
-- ὀρεσκῷος  mountain-born
-- ὀρεστιάς  mountain nymph
-- ὀρεύς  mule
-- οὐρεύς  mule
ὀρυκτός  dug out (ὀρύσσω)
-- ὀρύσσω  dig
ὀρυμαγδός  din
ὀρφανικός  orphaned
ὄρχαμος  chief, leader
ὅς  this; which
ὅσος  how much, however much
ὄσσα  rumor
ὁσσάτιος  how much
ὄσσε  eyes (dual)
ὄσσομαι  foresee
ὀστέον  bone ~osteoporosis
ὅτε  when
ὀτραλέως  quickly, deftly
ὀτρύνω  spur, encourage
-- ἐποτρύνω  urge, stir, dispatch
-- ὀτρηρός  quick, nimble (ὀτρύνω)
οὖδας  ground, floor
οὐδέ  not even
οὐδείς  no one
οὐδενόσωρος  not worth caring for (ὤρη)
οὐκέτι  no more
οὐλαμός  throng of warriors
οὐλή  scar
οὐλόμενος  ruinous
οὖλος  woolly; baneful; whole
οὐλοχύται  ceremonial barley
οὖν  affirm. pcl.; then, so
οὕνεκα  because
οὐρανός  sky ~Uranus
-- ἐπουράνιος  heavenly
-- οὐρανόθεν  from heaven
-- οὐρανόθι  in the heavens
οὐρή  tail
οὖρος  fair wind; guardian; hill
οὖς  ear
οὐτάω  pierce, wound
-- ἀνούτατος  not wounded
-- οὐτάζω  pierce, wound
-- ὠτειλή  wound
οὐτιδανός  worthless
οὗτος  this
οὕτως  thus, then, so
ὀφέλλω  should, wish, increase
-- ὀφείλω  owe, should, if only
-- ὄφελος  a use, a help
ὀφθαλμός  eye
ὄφρα  so that; until
ὀφρύς  eyebrow
ὄχα  by far
ὀχεύς  holder, fastener, bar
ὀχθέω  be troubled or angered
ὄχθη  riverbank; any water's edge
ὄχος  chariot, wagon, holding place
-- ξύλοχος  a wood ~xylophone
-- ὑπείροχος  preeminent
ὄψ  voice
ὄψιμος  far in the future
-- ὀψιτέλεστος  future-fulfilled
ὄψις  sight, view ~thanatopsis
πάγχυ  entirely
παιάν  paean
παῖς  child ~pediatrician
παιφάσσω  act conspicuously
-- ἐκπαιφάσσω  attract attention
πάλαι  long ago ~paleo
-- παλαιγενής  old
-- παλαιός  old
παλάμη  palm, handiwork
παλάσσω  spatter
παλίλλογος  collected again
παλιμπλάζομαι  wander away from
παλινάγρετος  revocable
παλίνορσος  turning away
παλίντονος  bent back
πάλλω  shake, brandish ~Pallas
-- ἀναπάλλω  brandish
-- πελεμίζω  shake, shake something
πάμπαν  wholly, quite
παμποίκιλος  variegated
πάμπρωτος  leading
πάναγρος  all-capturing
παναίολος  gleaming all over
πανσυδίῃ  all together
παππάζω  to call one father
παπταίνω  look around
πάρα  =πάρειμι, there is ~parallel
παραίσιος  boding ill
πάρδαλις  leopard
-- παρδαλέη  leopard skin
παρειά  cheeks
-- καλλιπάρηος  beautiful-cheeked
-- παρήϊον  cheek
παρέξ  out along
παρηορίαι  traces for an extra horse
παρήορος  hung on the side
παρθένος  girl, virgin
πάρος  before, in the past
πᾶς  all, every, whole
-- ἁπάντῃ  in all directions
-- ἅπας  all, the whole
-- πάντῃ  everywhere
-- παντοῖος  all kinds of
-- πάντοσε  in all directions
-- πάντως  by all means
-- πρόπας  =πᾶς
-- σύμπας  all together
πάσσαλος  clothes hook
πάσσω  sprinkle; insert in a web
-- ἐμπάσσω  weave a pattern in
πάσχω  experience, suffer ~pathos
-- πάομαι  =πάσχω
πατάσσω  beat (heart)
πατέομαι  eat, drink
πατέω  trample ~peripatetic
-- πάτος  the beaten path
πατήρ  father ~paternal
-- εὐπατέρεια  great-sired
-- πάτρη  fatherland
-- πατρίς  fatherland
-- πατρώιος  ancestral, of the fathers
παῦρος  few ~paucity
παύω  stop something ~pause
-- ἀποπαύω  stop
-- καταπαύω  stop, restrain
-- παυσωλή  a rest
παχύς  thick, stout, clotted ~pachyderm
πείθω  persuade; mp: trust, obey
-- ἀπιθέω  disobey
-- ἐπιπείθομαι  be persuaded, obey (πείθω)
-- παραπείθω  persuade to do
-- πιστός  faithful (πείθω)
πεινάω  be hungry
πελάζω  cause to touch
πέλεια  wild dove ~pallid
-- πελειάς  dove
πέλεκυς  axe
πέλω  be, turn out to be ~pole
-- ἀμφίπολος  female servant
-- πάλιν  back, again ~palindrome
πελώριος  huge, formidable
-- πέλωρον  monster; portent
πέμπω  send ~pomp
-- πομπή  pomp, procession
-- προπέμπω  send, send ahead
πεμπώβολον  5-pronged fork
πενθερός  father in law
πένθος  grief, misfortune
πένομαι  be busy, work at
πέντε  five ~pentagon
-- πενταέτηρος  five years old
-- πεντήκοντα  fifty
πέπλος  cloak
-- εὔπεπλος  fair-robed
πέπνυμαι  be wise (πνέω)
-- ἀποπνέω  exhale
-- ἐμπνέω  inspire
-- ἐπιπνέω  blow on, to
-- πνεύμων  lung ~pneumonia
-- πνέω  breathe, blow ~apnea
-- πνοή  breath ~apnea
πέπων  familiar, `softie'
περ  emphatic particle; even though
πέραν  on the other side, across
πέρθω  sack, ravage, plunder
-- διαπέρθω  destroy
-- διαπορθέω  =διαπέρθω
-- ἐκπέρθω  sack, plunder
-- πορθέω  =πέρθω, to sack
περί  very much; (adv; +dat/acc/gen) around; (+acc) over; (+gen) beyond ~perimeter
-- ἀναπείρω  pierce on a spit (πείρω)
-- διαπρύσιον  piercingly (πείρω)
-- πεῖραρ  cord; outcome ~prove
-- πειράω  try, test ~empirical
-- πειρητίζω  =πειράω, try, test (πειράω)
-- πείρω  pierce, run through ~pierce
-- περάω  cross over, drive across (περί)
-- περονάω  pierce, transfix; mp: fasten (πείρω)
-- πόρος  way, bridge ~fare
περικαλλής  very beautiful
περιτέλλομαι  to cycle, come around
περιτρέφομαι  curdle
περιτροπέω  hem in, gather
-- τροπέω  turn, wheel
περιφραδής  with great care
περιώσιος  immeasurable
περόνη  pin, clasp
πέσσω  brood on; ripen ~peptic
-- καταπέσσω  digest, choke back
πέταλον  leaf
πετάννυμι  open, scatter
πέτομαι  to fly ~petal
-- ἀμφιποτάομαι  fly around
-- ἀποπέτομαι  fly away
-- ἐκπίπτω  fall out of
-- ἐμπίπτω  fall into; attack
-- ἐπιπέτομαι  fly at
-- καταπτήσσω  cower
-- καταπίπτω  fall down
-- πετεηνός  winged; full-fledged
-- πίπτω  fall
-- ποτάομαι  fly about
-- πότμος  fate
-- ὑποπτήσσω  cower under
-- ὠκυπέτης  swift-flying (πέτομαι)
πέτρη  rock, cliff, reef ~petrified
-- πετρήεις  rocky
-- πέτρος  rock
πευκάλιμος  wise, shrewd
πῃ  somewhere, somehow
πῇ  where? how?
πηγεσίμαλλος  thick-fleeced
πηγή  waters, headwaters
πήγνυμι  stick, set, build
-- καταπήγνυμι  to stick, plant
-- συμπήγνυμι  curdle
πηδάλιον  rudder
πήληξ  helmet
πῆμα  woe, bane ~penury
-- πημαίνω  harm
πηνίον  bobbin
πηός  in-law
πηρός  maimed, helpless
πῆχυς  forearm
πικρός  sharp, bitter
πίναξ  tablet
πινυτός  wise
-- πινυτή  wisdom (πινυτός)
πίνω  drink ~potion
πίσσα  pitch, resin ~pitch
πιστόω  make trustworthy
-- πίσυνος  trusting
πίων  fat, rich, fertile
πλάζω  make to wander
-- πλανάω  lead astray
πλατάνιστος  plane tree
πλατύς  extensive, wide
πλευρόν  ribs, side ~pleurisy
-- πλευρά  rib
πλέω  to sail
-- ἐπιπλέω  sail on, over
-- πλόος  course, voyage
πληθύς  host, throng ~plethora
-- ἀναπίμπλημι  fulfill, endure
-- πίμπλημι  fill oneself ~plenum
-- πλεῖστος  most numerous
-- πλείων  more
-- πλέως  full
-- πλήθω  be filled ~plenum
πλήμνη  hub
πλήξιππος  horse-smiting
πλησίος  near, neighboring
πλήσσω  hit ~plectrum
-- καταπλήσσω  be struck with dismay
-- πληγή  a hit
πλόκαμος  lock of hair
πλοῦτος  wealth ~plutocrat
ποθέω  long for
-- ποθή  longing, regret ~bid
-- πόθος  =ποθή, longing, regret
ποθι  somewhere, anywhere, ever, perhaps
ποιέω  make ~poet
-- ἐμποιέω  make inside of
-- ποιητός  made, well-made (ποιέω)
ποικίλος  ornamented
-- ποίκιλμα  embroidery
ποιμήν  shepherd ~pastor
-- ποιήεις  grassy
-- ποιμαίνω  to shepherd
-- ποιμνήιος  of a flock
-- πῶμα  lid, cover
-- πῶϋ  flock of sheep
ποιπνύω  be out of breath
πόλεμος  war, battle ~polemic
-- ἀπόλεμος  unwarlike
-- πολεμήιος  warlike
-- πολεμίζω  make war
-- πολεμιστής  warrior
πολιός  gray ~polio
-- πολιοκρόταφος  gray-headed (πολιός)
πόλις  city ~Minneapolis
-- πολίζω  build a wall, city (πόλις)
-- πολίτης  townsmen
-- πτολίεθρον  city
-- πτολίπορθος  sacker of cities
πολλάκις  often
πολυάϊξ  impetuous
πολυβενθής  very deep
πολύβουλος  of many devices
πολυδαίδαλος  well wrought
πολυδειράς  many-ridged, many-necked
πολυδίψιος  arid
πολύζυγος  many-benched
πολυηχής  greatly sounding
πολύκεστος  much-embroidered
πολυκλήις  having many oarlocks
πολύκλητος  called from all around
πολύκμητος  elaborate
πολύκνημος  many-spurred, hilly
πολυκοιρανίη  popular rule
πολυκτήμων  wealthy
πολυλήιος  of much grain
πολύμηλος  rich in flocks
πολύμητις  of many counsels (μῆτις)
-- μητιάω  deliberate, intend ~meter
-- μητίετα  counselor (epithet of Zeus) ~meter
-- μῆτις  counsel, skill, plan ~meter
πολυπάμων  wealthy
πολυπῖδαξ  many-founted
πολύπτυχος  many-valleyed
πολύς  many ~polygon
πολύσκαρθμος  far-bounding
πολυσπερής  widespread
πολύστονος  sorrowful, baneful
πολυτρήρων  pigeon-haunted
πολύφλοισβος  roaring
πόνος  toil, suffering
-- πονέομαι  work; be busy
πόντος  the open sea, Mediterranean ~Hellespont
-- ποντόπορος  seafaring
πόποι  oh!
πόρκης  ferrule
πόρον  aor. give, pf. be fated
πορσύνω  prepare (the marital bed)
πόρτις  calf (baby cow)
πορφύρεος  purple
ποταμός  river ~hippopotamus
ποτέ  any; previously
πότερος  which, whichever of two
ποτιδέχομαι  await
πότνια  lady ~potent
-- πόσις  husband, master; a drink
ποτός  potable
πού  no doubt; somewhere/how
ποῦ  where?
πουλυβότειρα  many-feeding
πούς  foot, leg ~pedal
-- ἀερσίπους  high-stepping
-- ἔμπεδος  solid, constant
-- ἠπεδανός  weakly (πούς)
-- πεδάω  put in chains (πούς)
-- πέδιλον  sandals
-- πεδίον  plain, sea ~foot
-- πεδίονδε  to the ground (πεδίον)
-- πεζός  on foot; footsoldier (πούς)
-- ποδαρκής  running to the rescue
-- ποδήνεμος  wind-footed
-- ποδώκεια  fleetfootedness
-- ποδώκης  fleetfooted
-- τρίπος  three-legged cauldron (πούς)
πραπίδες  diaphragm, midriff, seat of wisdom and cunning
πράσσω  do, perform ~practice
-- ἄπρακτος  failed, fruitless
-- διαπράσσω  travel over, accomplish
πρέσβυς  elder ~Presbyterian
-- πρέσβα  eldest, most dignified
-- πρεσβήϊον  reward
πρηνής  face-down, head-first
-- προπρηνής  prone, stooping
πρίν  before
πρό  before, forward ~prolog
-- διαπρό  right through
προβέβουλα  prefer
προβλής  jutting out
προγενής  primeval
προδοκή  ambush spot
προίξ  gift, dowry
πρόμος  =πρόμαχος, champion
προπάροιθε  in front of; earlier
-- πάροιθε  in the presence of
πρός  toward ~prospective
προσαμύνω  bring help
πρόσθεν  before
προσφωνέω  speak to
πρόσω  forward, in the future
πρόσωπον  face ~prosopagnosia
πρότερος  sooner, earlier
προτέρω  onward, further
πρότονοι  forestay
πρυλέες  soldiers
πρυμνός  hindmost, base, root
-- πρύμνη  stern
-- πρυμνήσιος  aft
πρῶϊ  early, untimely
-- πρωϊζός  just before
-- πρώιος  early morning
πρών  rock, cliff, bluff
πρῶτος  first, foremost
-- πρώτιστος  the very first
-- πρωτόγονος  first-born
-- πρωτοπαγής  new-made?
πτελέη  elm
πτέρνη  heel
πτέρυξ  wing
-- πτερόεις  feathered ~pterodactyl
-- πτερόν  feather, wing ~pterodactyl
πτύξ  fold, layer
-- πτύγμα  folded part
-- πτυκτός  folding
πύθω  rot ~putrid
πυκάζω  cover
πυκνός  dense; clever
-- πύκα  densely; cleverly
-- πυκινός  =πυκνός: dense; clever
πύλη  gate ~Thermopylae
-- πυλάρτης  gate-keeper (πύλη)
-- ὑψίπυλος  with high gates
πύματος  last, hindmost
πυνθάνομαι  learn, inquire ~buddha
πύξ  with the fist ~pugilist
πῦρ  fire, pyre ~pyre
-- ἐμπρήθω  burn up (πῦρ)
-- πρήθω  burn, inflate
-- πυρή  pyre
-- πυρκαϊή  pyre
πύργος  wall, tower
-- εὔπυργος  well-fortified
πυρός  wheat
πω  not at all; until now, (not) yet
πωλέομαι  go back and forth
-- ἐπιπωλέομαι  go among, inspect, menace
πώποτε  never
πως  somehow
ῥάπτω  sew
ῥάχις  spine, lower back
ῥέα  easily
-- ῥηΐδιος  easy
-- ῥεῖα  easily
ῥέπω  incline or sink downwards
ῥέω  flow ~rheostat
-- ἀγάρροος  swift-flowing
-- ἐπιρρέω  flow over
-- ἐπιρρώομαι  flow forward
-- ἐϋρρεής  flowing with streams
-- ἐϋρρείτης  flowing with streams
-- καλλίρροος  sweetly flowing
-- καλλίρρους  sweetly flowing
-- καταρρέω  flow down
-- προρέω  flow forth
-- ῥέεθρον  stream
-- ῥοή  pl. ῥοάς: waters of a river
-- ὠκύροος  swift flowing
ῥήγνυμι  to break
-- ἀναρρήγνυμι  tear open, tear down
-- ἀπορρήγνυμι  break off, apart
-- ἀπορρώξ  broken off
-- ἄρρηκτος  unbroken
-- ῥηγμίν  surf, beach
-- ῥηξήνωρ  breaker of enemy ranks (ῥήγνυμι)
ῥιγέω  shudder; be flustered ~frigid
-- ῥίγιον  more miserable, colder
-- ῥῖγος  miserable, cold
ῥίγιστος  most dreaded
ῥίζα  root ~rhizome
ῥίμφα  quickly
ῥινός  skin, leather
ῥίον  summit, headland
ῥιπή  rush, rushing motion
ῥίπτω  hurl
ῥίς  nose, nostrils
ῥοδοδάκτυλος  rosy-fingered
ῥυμός  chariot pole
ῥυσίπτολις  city-guarding
ῥωγαλέος  full of holes
σάκος  shield, hide, sack
-- ἤκεστος  never-goaded
-- σακέσπαλος  shield wielder
σανίς  board, panel
σάρξ  flesh
σάφα  with full understanding
σέβας  respect, respectful greeting
-- σεβάζομαι  be too ashamed to (σέβας)
-- σέβομαι  yield, be abashed
σειρή  cord, rope
σείω  shake
-- ἐπισσείω  shake something at
σέλας  bright light
-- σελήνη  moon
σέλινον  wild celery?
σεύω  drive, chase, stampede, rush
-- ἀποσεύω  run away
-- ἐπισσεύω  urge; rush
-- μετασσεύομαι  start chasing
-- συλάω  take off, despoil ~asylum
-- συλεύω  =συλάω, strip
σηκάζω  coop up
σῆμα  sign, mark ~semaphore
-- σημαίνω  give orders to; show; mark
-- σημάντωρ  commander, driver, herder
σήπω  rot ~septic
σθένος  strength ~neurasthenia
σιγαλόεις  shining
σιγή  silence
σίδηρος  iron ~siderite
-- σιδήρεος  of iron
σῖτος  grain, bread, food ~parasite
σιωπή  silence
-- σιωπάω  be silent
σκαιός  left-hand
σκῆπτρον  scepter
-- σκηπτοῦχος  scepter-bearer
-- σκήπτω  prop up; pass: lean on ~scepter
σκιά  shadow
-- κότος  grudge
-- σκιόεις  shade-giving
-- σκότιος  shadow-born ~shadow
-- σκότος  darkness, shadow ~shadow
σκίδνημι  spread
-- διασκίδνημι  scatter, disperse
σκόλοψ  palisade, stake
σκοπός  lookout ~telescope
-- σκόπελος  lookout place
-- σκοπιή  place with a view
σκύζομαι  feel anger or resentment
σκύλαξ  puppy
σκυτοτόμος  leather worker
σμαραγέω  roar, crash
σμερδνός  awe-inspiring, dreadful
-- σμερδαλέος  terrible
σμῶδιξ  bloody bruise
σπάρτον  rope
σπάω  draw, pull out, pluck ~spatula
-- ἐκσπάω  pull out
σπένδω  libate ~spontaneous
-- σπονδή  libation, treaty
σπέος  cave ~spelunker
σπινθήρ  spark
σπλάγχνον  guts, feelings
σπουδή  `pushing,' with difficulty, quickly, seriously; an effort ~repudiate
-- ἀσπουδί  without a struggle (σπουδή)
-- σπεύδω  `push on,' get going, hurry
σταδίη  =στάδιος, hand-to-hand
-- στάδιος  hand-to-hand
σταθμός  cottage; post
σταφυλή  cluster of grapes ~staphylococcus
-- πολυστάφυλος  rich in grapes
στεῖνος  a narrows, pass
-- στεινωπός  narrow, strait (στεῖνος)
στεῖρα  prow
στείχω  go, march ~stair
-- ἀποστείχω  go away, go home
στέμμα  headband or wreath
στένω  groan
-- ἐπιστενάχω  groan at
-- στεναχίζω  groan
-- στενάχω  moan; mp: bemoan ~stentorian
-- στηρίζω  fix, plant ~stereo
-- στοναχή  groaning
-- στονόεις  causing moans
-- στόνος  groaning
-- ὑποστεναχίζω  groan under
στερεός  solid, firm ~stereo
στέρνον  chest ~sternum
στεῦμαι  stand/put forth ~steeple
στεφάνη  circlet, helmet, brow of a hill
στεφανόω  set about
στῆθος  breast ~stethoscope
στιβαρός  sturdy, strong
-- στείβω  trample
στίλβω  shine ~stilbene
στίξ  row, rank
στιχάομαι  march
στόμα  mouth ~stomach
-- στόμαχος  throat
στρατός  common people/soldiers ~strategy
-- στρατόομαι  be on a campaign
στρεπτός  articulate ~strep throat
στρουθός  sparrow ~struthiomimus
στυγέω  dread, shrink from ~Styx
-- στυγερός  dreaded
στυφελίζω  smite
σύ  you
συβώτης  swineherd
σύν  with
συνθεσίη  covenant, command
συνόχωκα  join together
σφάζω  cut the throat
σφαῖρα  ball
σφεῖς  they, themselves
σφέτερος  their
σφονδύλιος  one of the vertebrae of the neck
σφυρόν  ankle, foothill
σφωίτερος  of you two
σχίζω  split ~schism
-- σχίζα  piece of wood
σῶμα  corpse ~somatic
σῶς  safe, alive
-- ἐκσαόω  save from
-- σώζω  save
-- σώω  save
ταμεσίχρως  flesh-cutting
τάμνω  cut, sacrifice, solemnize ~tonsure
-- ἀποτάμνω  cut off, sever
-- διατμήγω  split
-- ἐκτέμνω  cut out, fell
-- ἐΰτμητος  well cut
-- ταμίη  housekeeper
-- ταμίης  manager, quartermaster
-- τμήγω  cut, cut apart
-- τμήδην  cutting, wounding (τέμνω)
ταναήκης  tapered
τανηλεγής  woe-bringing
τανύω  stretch, strain ~tend
-- ἐκτανύω  stretch out, lay low
-- ἐκτείνω  stretch out
-- ἐντείνω  tauten
-- τανυγλώχις  long-barbed ~glochid
-- τανύπεπλος  long-robed
-- τείνω  stretch, tend ~tense
-- τένοντε  tendon, sinew ~tendon
-- τιταίνω  stretch ~tense
ταράσσω  make trouble
ταρβέω  be afraid
-- ἀτάρβητος  unafraid, undaunted
τάρφος  thicket
ταρχύω  pay funeral rites
ταῦρος  bull
τάφρος  (f.) ditch, trench
-- θάπτω  bury ~epitaph
τάχα  quickly, soon ~tachometer
-- ταχυτής  speed, hastiness
ταχύς  fast ~tachometer
τε  and
τέγεος  roofed
τέθηπα  be confused
τείρω  wear out, afflict ~tribulation
-- ἀτειρής  not wearing out
-- διατρίβω  wear down, delay ~tribology
-- τρίβω  rub
τεῖχος  city wall
-- εὐτείχεος  well-walled
-- τειχεσιπλήτης  assaulter of walls
-- τειχίζομαι  build
-- τειχιόεις  high-walled
-- τοῖχος  wall of a house
τεκμαίρομαι  ordain, foretell (τέκμωρ)
-- τέκμωρ  limit, end, token
τέκος  child ~oxytocin
-- κλυτοτέχνης  artful
-- τέκνον  child
-- τεκταίνομαι  build, figure out
-- τέκτων  skilled worker ~technician
-- τέχνη  craft, art, plan, contrivance ~technology
-- τίκτω  beget
-- τοκεύς  parent
-- τόκος  childbirth (τίκτω)
τελήεις  complete
τέλος  end; military post
-- ἀνατέλλω  cause to grow
-- ἀτέλεστος  not accomplished, fruitless
-- ἀτελεύτητος  unaccomplished
-- ἐκτελέω  complete, bring about
-- ἐπιτέλλω  order
-- στέλλω  prepare, send, furl ~apostle
-- τελέθω  turn out, come around
-- τέλειος  finished
-- τελεσφόρος  completion
-- τελευτάω  bring about, finish
-- τελευτή  conclusion, fulfilment
-- τελέω  fulfill
-- τέλλω  direct ~teleology
τέμενος  non-common land
τέρας  omen, fetish
τέρην  round, swelling
τέρπω  delight ~terpsichorean
-- ἄτερπος  joyless, unpleasant
-- τερπικέραυνος  thunder-lover
τέσσαρες  four
-- τεσσαράκοντα  forty
-- τέταρτος  fourth
-- τετραπλόος  fourfold
-- τετραφάληρος  four-knobbed
-- τετραχθά  in four pieces
τετάγων  take, seize ~tangible
τετίημαι  be sorrowful
τέτμον  find, come upon, reach
τέττα  form of address
τέττιξ  cicada
τεύχω  make, cause; pass: happen
-- εὔτυκτος  well-made
-- νεοτευχής  newly made
-- τεύχεα  tool, arms, gear
-- τιτύσκομαι  aim, shoot
-- τυγχάνω  meet, find, succeed, obtain
-- τυκτός  wrought, perfect
τῇ  there
τήκω  melt
τῆλε  distant ~telescope
-- ὅθεν  whence
-- τηλόθεν  from far away
-- τηλόσε  to/from a distance
-- τηλοῦ  far away
τηλύγετος  adolescent, a grown youth
τῆμος  at that time
τίθημι  put, place; cause ~thesis
-- ἀποτίθημι  put away
-- ἐντίθημι  load; mp: take to heart
-- ἐπιτίθημι  put on, apply
-- κατατίθημι  put down
-- προτίθημι  set before
-- συντίθημι  hearken, mark
-- ὑποτίθημι  suggest, put in mind
τινάσσω  shake; brandish
τίπτε  how?, why?
τίς  which? who? what?
τις  someone, something
τίω  value, honor
-- ἀποτίνω  pay back
-- ἀτιμάζω  insult, dishonor
-- ἀτιμάω  dishonor
-- ἄτιμος  without honor
-- ἐρίτιμος  greatly worthy
-- ποινή  blood-price ~penalty
-- τιμάω  honor, exalt
-- τιμή  honor, value
-- τίνυμαι  chastise, punish
-- τίνω  pay, pay a penalty
τλάω  take upon oneself ~talent
-- ἀτάλαντος  equal in weight
-- πολύτλας  much-enduring (τλάω)
-- πολυτλήμων  much-enduring (τλάω)
-- τάλαντον  scale, a unit of weight
-- τάλαρος  basket
-- ταλασίφρων  stout-hearted
-- ταλαύρινος  stout with a shield
-- τελαμών  shoulder-strap
-- τλήμων  steadfast, enduring (τλάω)
-- τολμάω  dare (τλάω)
τόθι  there
τοι  at least, yet surely; pronoun
τοῖος  such
-- τοιόσδε  such
-- τοιοῦτος  such
τομή  intersection
τόξον  bow
-- κλυτότοξος  famed archer
τόσος  so much, so great
-- τοσόσδε  this much
-- τοσοῦτος  so much
τότε  at that time, after that
τοὔνεκα  therefore
τόφρα  to that time
τρεῖς  three
-- τρεισκαίδεκα  thirteen
-- τριάκοντα  thirty
-- τριγλώχις  three-barbed ~glochid
-- τρίλλιστος  thrice
-- τριπλόος  threefold
-- τρίτατος  third
-- τρίτος  third
-- τρίχα  threefold
-- τριχθά  in three parts
τρέμω  tremble in fear ~tremble
-- ἀτρέμας  unmovingly, still
-- ἄτρομος  dauntless
-- τρομέω  tremble (τρέμω)
-- τρόμος  trembling in fear
τρέπω  turn ~trophy
-- ἀνατρέπω  defeat, thwart
-- ἀποτρέπω  divert from
-- ἐπιτρέπω  entrust, decide
-- προτρέπω  go, flee to
-- τροπή  rout, turning of an enemy
τρέφω  nurture; solidify ~atrophy
-- ἐνστρέφω  turn in (a socket)
-- ἐπιστρέφω  turn towards
-- θρέπτρα  cost of nurturing
-- μεταστρέφω  turn around, change one's mind
-- στρέφω  turn, veer
-- ὑποστρέφω  turn around, go back
τρέχω  run, spin
-- ἐπιτρέχω  run at, after
-- τροχός  wheel (τρέχω)
τρέω  flee in fear
-- παρατρέω  rush aside
-- τρήρων  dove ~tremor
-- ὑποτρέω  flee
τρητός  pierced, perforated
τρηχύς  rough
τρίζω  scream
τρυφάλεια  helmet
τύμβος  grave mound ~tomb
τυπή  blow
-- τύπτω  beat, smite
τυτθός  small, young; a little
τυφλός  blind
τῷ  so, therefore; in that case
ὕβρις  pride, insolence, outrage
ὑγιής  sound, profitable ~hygiene
ὑγρός  wet
ὕδρος  water-snake
ὕδωρ  water, rain ~hydrogen
ὑετός  rain
υἱός  son, child
υἱωνός  grandson
ὕλη  forest, firewood
ὑλήεις  wooded
ὑμέτερος  yours
ὑμός  your
ὕπατος  highest, supreme
ὑπέκ  out from under
ὑπέρ  above; beyond ~hyperactive
ὑπερβασία  transgression
ὑπερηνορέων  overbearing
ὕπερθεν  from above
ὑπερκύδας  far-renowned
ὑπερμενής  super-powered
ὑπέρμορον  defying fate
ὑπεροπλία  overweening confidence
ὑπερφίαλος  reckless, arrogant
ὑπέρχομαι  go under
ὑπερωέω  rush back due to
ὑπερώϊον  upper chamber
ὕπνος  a sleep
-- ἐνύπνιος  seen in dreams
ὑπό  under ~hypothermia
ὑποβλήδην  interrupting
ὑπόδημα  sandals
ὑπόδρα  scowlingly
ὑποδύω  push up from under; mid: get out from under
ὑποκρίνομαι  interpret
ὑποκύομαι  be impregnated
ὑπολευκαίνομαι  become white
ὑπορρήγνυμι  tear from under
ὑπόσχεσις  promise
-- ὑπίσχομαι  promise
ὑπότροπος  returning
ὑπόψιος  object of contempt
ὕπτιος  lying on one's back
ὑσμίνη  a fight
ὑστάτιος  =ὕστατος, last
-- ὕστατος  last
-- ὕστερον  later
-- ὕστερος  later, last
ὑφαίνω  weave
-- ὕφασμα  piece of weaving
ὑψηχής  loud-neighing
ὑψιβρεμέτης  high-thunderer
ὑψοῦ  high, aloft
-- ὑψηλός  high
φαγεῖν  to eat ~phagocyte
φάλαγξ  rank of battle ~phalanx
φάλος  part of a helmet
φάος  light; salvation ~photon
-- ἀμφάδιος  open; openly
-- ἀμφαδά  openly
-- ἀναφαίνω  reveal, shine ~phenomenon
-- ἄφαντος  disappeared ~phenomenon
-- διαφαίνω  show through (φαίνω)
-- ἐκφαίνω  bring to light
-- παμφαίνω  gleam (φαίνω)
-- παμφανόων  shining
-- προφαίνω  show; pass: appear
-- φαεινός  bright, shining (φάος)
-- φαίδιμος  glistening; glorious (φάος)
-- φαίνομαι  appear ~phenomenon
φαρέτρα  quiver
φᾶρος  mantle; web
φάρυγξ  throat
φάσγανον  sword
φάτνη  manger, crib
φείδομαι  not harm, save, keep back
φειδώ  thrift, gruding
φέριστος  noblest
φέρω  bring, carry ~bear
-- ἀποφέρω  carry off, carry back
-- ἐκφέρω  carry off
-- ἐπιφέρω  bestow
-- προφέρω  bring forth
-- συμφέρω  bring together (φέρω)
-- ὑπεκφέρω  move out, outward, onward
-- ὑποφέρω  carry out of danger
-- φέρτατος  mightiest, most meriting (φέρω)
-- φορέω  frequentative of φέρω, to carry
φεύγω  flee, escape ~fugitive
-- ἐκφεύγω  flee from, escape
-- προφεύγω  flee, flee from
-- ὑπεκφεύγω  stay, get away
-- φύγαδε  toward escape
φή  like
φηγός  (f.) oak
-- φήγινος  oaken
φημί  say; think ~fame
-- ἀπόφημι  speak out
-- ἐπευφημέω  assent
-- εὐφημέω  speak propitiously
-- μετάφημι  speak among/to
-- παράφημι  advise
-- πρόσφημι  speak to
φήρ  centaur
φθάνω  do first, outstrip
-- ὑποφθάνω  anticipate
φθισήνωρ  man-destroyer
φθίω  wane, decay, dwindle
-- ἀποφθινύθω  waste away, perish
-- ἄφθιτος  never-waning
-- φθινύθω  make perish, use up
φθόγγος  voice ~diphthong
-- φθογγή  voice, cry
φθονέω  be reluctant
φίλος  friend
-- φιλέω  love ~philanthropy
-- φιλότης  friendship
-- φίλτατος  most beloved
φλόγεος  sparkling?
φλοιός  tree bark
φλοῖσβος  roar
φλόξ  flame ~flame
φόβος  fear, rout, panic ~phobia
-- φέβομαι  be put to flight
-- φοβέω  run away
φοῖνιξ  red dye
φοιτάω  go back and forth
φολκός  bandy-legged?
φοξός  deformed?
φορβή  food, pasture
φόρμιγξ  phorminx, a type of lyre
φρήν  midriff, mind ~frenzy
-- ἀφραδής  senseless, unthinking ~phrenology
-- ἀφραδία  folly (φράζω)
-- ἀφραίνω  be foolish
-- ἀφροσύνη  folly
-- ἄφρων  senseless, unthinking
-- ἐπιφράζω  realize, think of
-- εὐφραίνω  gladden
-- εὐφρονέων  well-intentioned
-- εὔφρων  cheerful, mirthful
-- μεταφράζω  consider after
-- μετάφρενον  person's back
-- περίφρων  sensible, prudent
-- πρόφρων  kind, eager
-- συμφράδμων  counselor
-- συμφράζομαι  consult
-- φράδμων  observant, shrewd
-- φράζω  tell; consider
-- φρονέω  think, be wise ~phrenology
φρήτρη  brotherhood, sub-tribe ~fraternal
φρίξ  ripple
φρίσσω  be rough; shudder
φυλακή  guard, prison, watch
φυλάσσω  guard, be on guard ~phylactery
φύλλον  leaf
-- ἀκριτόφυλλος  dense-leaved
-- ἄφυλλος  leafless
-- εἰνοσίφυλλος  with shaking leaves
φῦλον  race, tribe, class ~phylum
φύλοπις  battle; battle-field
φυσάω  blow, puff, blow out
-- φυσιάω  pant, snort
φυσίζους  life-giving
φύω  produce, beget; clasp ~physics
-- ἐμφύω  plant; cling
-- εὐφυής  well-developed
-- φυή  stature, flowering
-- φυταλιή  orchard
-- φυτεύω  plant, grow, cause (φύω)
φωνέω  sound, speak ~megaphone
-- μεταφωνέω  speak among
φωνή  sound; voice ~megaphone
φώς  man
χαίνω  gape
χαίρω  rejoice ~eucharist
-- χαρίζομαι  gratify someone ~charisma
-- χάρις  grace, thanks, a Grace
-- χάρμα  joy, source of joy
χαίτη  lock of hair, mane
χαλεπαίνω  be violent, rage
χαλεπός  hard to bear
χαλινός  bit for a horse
χαλκός  bronze, arms
-- εὔχαλκος  of fine bronze
-- πολύχαλκος  bronze-rich
-- χαλκεοθώρηξ  bronze-cuirassed (θώρηξ)
-- χάλκεος  made of copper or bronze
-- χαλκεόφωνος  brass-voiced
-- χαλκεύς  smith
-- χαλκήρης  fitted with bronze
-- χαλκοβατής  standing on bronze
-- χαλκοκνήμις  bronze-greaved
-- χαλκοκορυστής  spear marshaller
-- χαλκόπους  bronze-footed
-- χαλκοχίτων  bronze-clad
χαμάδις  to the ground
-- χαμᾶζε  to the ground
-- χαμαί  on/near the ground
χανδάνω  contain
χαράδρη  torrent, gorge
χαρίεις  graceful
χάρμη  battle, spirit for it
χατίζω  need, desire
χεῖλος  lip
χειμών  winter, storm
-- δυσχείμερος  ill-wintered
-- χειμάρρους  winter-flooded
-- χειμέριος  of winter
χείρ  hand ~chiral
-- χερνίπτομαι  ritually wash hands
χείρων  worse, more base
-- χερειότερος  less warlike
-- χερείων  worse, more base
χερμάδιον  boulder missile
χέρσος  dry land
χέω  pour, scatter
-- ἀμφιχέω  shed, pour around
-- διαχέω  scatter
-- ἐκχέω  pour out
-- ἰοχέαιρα  arrow-pouring (χέω)
-- καταχέω  pour on
-- προχέω  stream toward; pour out
-- χυτός  poured, piled, shed (χέω)
χήν  goose ~gander
χῆρος  bereaved ~heir
-- ἀναχάζομαι  pull back
-- ἀναχωρέω  return, retreat
-- ὑποχωρέω  recoil (χώρη)
-- χάζομαι  back off, refrain from
-- χηρόω  widow
-- χηρωσταί  heirs?
-- χῶρη  place
-- χωρέω  withdraw, give way to (+dat)
-- χωρίς  without, otherwise
-- χῶρος  place
χῆτος  lack
χθιζός  yesterday's
χθών  ground
-- ἐπιχθόνιος  earthly
χίλιοι  thousand
χίμαιρα  she-goat ~chimera
χιτών  tunic, armor
χλαῖνα  men's cloak ~chlamydia
χλωρός  pale, green, yellow ~chlorine
χόλος  anger ~choler
-- χολάς  guts
-- χολόω  anger, provoke
-- χολωτός  angry
χορός  dancing, dancing place ~terpsichorean
χραισμέω  ward off; defend (+dat)
χρή  it is necessary, must, should ~chresard
-- ἀχρεῖος  serving no purpose
-- χράω  attack
-- χρεώ  a need
χρίμπτω  approach, draw near
-- ἐγχρίμπτω  to near, bring near to
χροιή  flesh, body, person
χρόνος  time ~chronology
χρυσός  gold
-- παγχρύσεος  solid gold
-- πολύχρυσος  rich in gold
-- χράομαι  use, experience
-- χρυσάμπυξ  head-ornamented in gold
-- χρυσάορος  with golden sword
-- χρύσεος  golden
-- χρυσήνιος  gold-reined
-- χρυσόθρονος  golden-throned
-- χρυσόπτερος  golden-winged
χρώς  skin, flesh
χωλός  lame
χώομαι  be troubled, angered
ψάμαθος  sand
-- ἄμαθος  sandy soil
-- ἠμαθόεις  sandy
ψεδνός  sparse
ψεῦδος  a lie
-- ψευδής  lying, false
-- ψεύδομαι  middle: to lie
ψυχή  soul ~psychology
-- ἀναψύχω  cool, refresh, soothe
-- ψυχρός  cold
ὧδε  thus
ὠθέω  push
-- ἀπωθέω  repel, reject
ὦκα  quickly ~oxytocin
-- ὠκύμορος  fast-fated; fast-killing
-- ὠκύπορος  quick-traveling
-- ὠκύπους  fleetfooted
-- ὠκύς  swift
ὠμός  raw
-- ὠμοθετέω  sacrifice meat
-- ὠμοφάγος  raw flesh-eating
ὦμος  shoulder plus upper arm ~humerus
ὠμοφάγος  raw flesh-eating
ὥρη  season, time ~horoscope
ὡς  as, thus, seeing that, as to, so that
ὥστε  so that
ὦχρος  paleness
Ben Crowell, Fullerton, California
Ransom is an innovative presentation of Homer made with open-source software: https://bitbucket.org/ben-crowell/ransom

MaverickNH
Textkit Neophyte
Posts: 23
Joined: Sat Oct 28, 2023 3:18 pm

Re: a visualization of Homeric vocabulary using groups of cognates

Post by MaverickNH »

Just starting Pharr’s Homeric Greek with a biweekly group in 2024 and this will be a nice accompaniment!

BRET

JairKast
Textkit Neophyte
Posts: 9
Joined: Fri Feb 09, 2024 2:11 pm

Re: a visualization of Homeric vocabulary using groups of cognates

Post by JairKast »

Thanks for providing these cool lists. Certainly a useful way to learn vocabulary, which I haven't seen applied too often for Homer (though there are many books of this kind for Attic, sadly maybe not many in English).

I'm guessing the software you mention - btw the Github link is down, but I used the Bitbucket in your signature :) - is just for lemmatization, not for finding or grouping cognates/roots? And then you went through manually and grouped by cognates.

I did notice some cognates not being grouped. Maybe that's inevitable if this step is completely done manually by one person. For example:

- συβώτης "swineherd" is derived from βόσκω "feed"
- ζεύγνυμι "yoke, join" and ζυγόν "yoke" are cognate

I wonder if there's a way to automate that part of the process. Like some dictionary linking Greek words to IE roots online? Which we can look up by API or even scrape.

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