Thank you all for valuable ideas.
It would be wonderful to get Jesuits' textbooks, but to the date I have found only this sentence from the book
"The Jesuits As Educators" (1885):
Except in the case of Natural Sciences, the lectures, repetitions and text-books are all in the Latin language.
There is a mysterious reference in the section
"Regulae professoris mathematicae", but I was unlucky to find where does it lead:
Qui auctores, quo tempore, quibus explicandi. p. 4 c. n, c.
Jesuits' literaure is
numerous on Archive.org, and I think have checked everything from XX century, especially "Jesuit Educational Quarterly", but still have not noted any mention of particular textbooks used in Jesuits colleges.
There was an attempt of introducing full-Latin education in schools of US, but it ended with modest result in language teaching textbook but no other disciplines —
Confederate Classical Textbooks: A Lost Cause? I have read several scientific research on the topic of textbooks in XIX century, but non of them mention serious use of Latin language in US or Europe.
"Orbis Sensualium Pictus" by Jan Komenský was still popular in primary education in the first quarter of XIX.
Arithmetica, algebra, &c.
- Tractatus de arte numerandi (Joannis de Sacro-Bosco, ?) — very nice article, though too short and simple, but I recommend it as a "light reading" for humanitarians.
- Arithmetica (?, 1562) — it's really old, but may be the most fitting criteria of the book I am looking for.
- Institutiones mathematicae (Ferdinando Pistillo, 1787) - similar to the previous work, but explained hard way.
- Institutiones mathematicae, vol. 1 & vol. 2 (1807) — much more complicated and serious, not a primary school level.
- Euclidis opera omnia (ed. of 1883 year) — millennia-long classic of math. Combined Greek/Latin version.
Geographia
This discipline was probably the first started teaching in native languages, so most of Latin books tell only about the time of ancient Roman empire. Below is an example:
- Geographia antiqua (Christoph Cellarius, 1782)
Conclusion
That is all I have found at this moment. XIX century was fruitless for Latin textbooks, XVII-XVIII centuries are richer but education system of that time is quite outdated, I do not think Chemistry or Physics knowledge from 17 c. would be interesting for modern people.
Books collection I could recommend:
- Thesaurus Eruditionis (CAMENA project) — collection of neolatin authors carefully organized by subject area.
- Ancient History (Collection of different documents) in four volumes (1, 2, 3, 4) — completely opposite to the previous, but this unordered heap does contain valuable books (not only historical).
Two verses he could recollect // Of the Æneid, but incorrect.