help with english to latin translations
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help with english to latin translations
Can somebody please tell me if the following english to latin translations are correct:
1. From the middle of the sea
Ab media mare
2. A brave soldier
Fortis militis
3. Something bad
Aliquid mali
4. More food
Plus cibi
1. From the middle of the sea
Ab media mare
2. A brave soldier
Fortis militis
3. Something bad
Aliquid mali
4. More food
Plus cibi
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Re: help with english to latin translations
Other than the error in #2 there are problems with #1, the last two are very good though.
the ablative of mare is mari because it is a pure I-stem. Also, the agreeing adjective media should be in the neuter ablative (because mare is neuter), not the feminine.
the preposition ab takes the ablative...Wiggly wrote:1. From the middle of the sea
Ab media mare
the ablative of mare is mari because it is a pure I-stem. Also, the agreeing adjective media should be in the neuter ablative (because mare is neuter), not the feminine.
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1. You've written " he ran". "They ran" is cucurrerunt. Also, you've run into the trap of thinking that the endings must be the same rather than the case and gender. Collis is a masculine noun, and altus is a second declension adjective. So to the high hills is "ad colles altos".
3. Sum needs to agree with feminae. feminae sunt
4. Longum needs to agree with insula. So it should take feminine accusative endings.
3. Sum needs to agree with feminae. feminae sunt
4. Longum needs to agree with insula. So it should take feminine accusative endings.
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lol... yeh just keep the question piling...
1. Labienus will be in command of the tenth legion.
Labienus (i would use impero) imperabit (future not future perfect) legionis (legio, -onis, i think... ) decimae.
2. Disaster threatens the smaller states.
Calamiti minores(comparative - parvus, minor) respublicas minatus. (i think... not too sure... well ask benissimus or skylax... both of them are very good... )
3. That house is near the forest.
Illa domus prope(ad. urs happen to be a verb) silvam sunt.
4. I shall meet father.
patrem(acc. I will meet (object)) occuram.
1. Labienus will be in command of the tenth legion.
Labienus (i would use impero) imperabit (future not future perfect) legionis (legio, -onis, i think... ) decimae.
2. Disaster threatens the smaller states.
Calamiti minores(comparative - parvus, minor) respublicas minatus. (i think... not too sure... well ask benissimus or skylax... both of them are very good... )
3. That house is near the forest.
Illa domus prope(ad. urs happen to be a verb) silvam sunt.
4. I shall meet father.
patrem(acc. I will meet (object)) occuram.
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This is correct.Wiggly wrote:1. Labienus will be in command of the tenth legion.
Labienus praeerit legioni decimae
As lau_kai pointed out, the comparative of parvus is minor, -oris. I suppose this sentence could be considered correct, but it literally says "it threatens the smaller states with disaster". If you put calamitati into the nominative, it could be the subject of the deponent verb and match the English better. I think that minatur usually reserves the accusative case for the tool of threatening and puts the thing/person being threatened into the dative or ablative (though there are several constructions).2. Disaster threatens the smaller states.
Calamitati minatur civitates parviores
sunt is the plural, you need to use the singular est (there is only one house), otherwise this sentence is correct.3. That house is near the forest.
Illa domus sunt propinqua silvae
Keep both R's in the stem occurr-.4. I shall meet father.
Occuram patri
Last edited by benissimus on Wed Oct 27, 2004 7:54 am, edited 2 times in total.
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All you said makes good sense, benissime carissime.benissimus wrote:Wiggly wrote:As lau_kai pointed out, the comparative of parvus is minor, -oris. I suppose this sentence could be considered correct, but it literally says "it threatens the smaller states with disaster". If you put calamitati into the nominative, it could be the subject of the deponent verb and match the English better.2. Disaster threatens the smaller states.
Calamitati minatur civitates parviores
One could maybe add that MINARI means specifically "threaten with words", thus, with CALAMITAS as the subject, the Latin would use for example IMMINEO with a dative (= IN + MANEO "remain upon", like a stone on the point to tumble down a hill)
(By the way, if I remember well, you are not yet 20 and you have not learned Latin for more than 3 years, so, I can say, you are a born Latin teacher )
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What about these?
1. Caesar and his men have fortified our camp.
Caesar et eius vivorum muniverunt nostrum castros
2. He has given their books to us.
Dedit eorum libros eis
3. He repaired the ship himself.
Refecit navem se
4. The legion which he has with him is very brave
Legio quam habet cum eum fortissima
1. Caesar and his men have fortified our camp.
Caesar et eius vivorum muniverunt nostrum castros
2. He has given their books to us.
Dedit eorum libros eis
3. He repaired the ship himself.
Refecit navem se
4. The legion which he has with him is very brave
Legio quam habet cum eum fortissima
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1.1. Caesar and his men have fortified our camp.
Caesar et eius vivorum muniverunt nostrum castros
2. He has given their books to us.
Dedit eorum libros eis
3. He repaired the ship himself.
Refecit navem se
4. The legion which he has with him is very brave
Legio quam habet cum eum fortissima
I'd be inclined to use milites for men. It's clearly meant in a military sense.
Caesar et milites muniverunt nostra castra.
Remember in Latin you should always drop pronouns and possessive adjectives if the sense renders them redundant.
Also castra is neuter plural and, here, in the accusative.
2.
To us is nobis
3.
OK
4.
I think we can leave out cum eum.
Also, I'd add est.
Legio quam habet fortissima est.
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How about:
1. Caesar and his men have fortified our camp.
Caesar et sui castra nostra muniverunt.
2. He has given their books to us.
libros eorum nobis dedit
3. He repaired the ship himself.
Ipse navem refecit
4. The legion which he has with him is very brave
Legio suum fortissimum est
or
legio quod habat fortissimum est
1. Caesar and his men have fortified our camp.
Caesar et sui castra nostra muniverunt.
2. He has given their books to us.
libros eorum nobis dedit
3. He repaired the ship himself.
Ipse navem refecit
4. The legion which he has with him is very brave
Legio suum fortissimum est
or
legio quod habat fortissimum est
“Cum ego verbo utar,” Humpty Dumpty dixit voce contempta, “indicat illud quod optem – nec plus nec minus.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
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Turp's corrections are good, but in the third one you have to use the intensive pronoun ipse, not se (it is not the direct object of the sentence but the subject).
Kasper:
Kasper:
sua castra would be better than sui castra.1. Caesar and his men have fortified our camp.
Caesar et sui castra nostra muniverunt.
legio is feminine. habere is second conjugation (habet)4. The legion which he has with him is very brave
Legio suum fortissimum est
or
legio quod habat fortissimum est
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Not unless Caesar was fortifying it with his woman. Sui is nominative plural male, his men.Kasper:
Quote:
1. Caesar and his men have fortified our camp.
Caesar et sui castra nostra muniverunt.
sua castra would be better than sui castra.
Okay, mea culpa. I realise habere it second conjugation, but I thought the 'in between' part, "which he has" required a subjunctive.legio is feminine. habere is second conjugation (habet)
Like: nemo dat quod non habat.
where 'quod non habat' takes the place of the accusative. Please correct me if I'm wrong.
“Cum ego verbo utar,” Humpty Dumpty dixit voce contempta, “indicat illud quod optem – nec plus nec minus.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
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Sorry about the first one, for some reason I was thinking "his camp" . The subjunctive of habet would be habeat though. I don't think a subjunctive would be right here, unless you were doing reported speech. A relative clause of characteristic only works in a general case, but here we are talking about a specific legion.
Last edited by benissimus on Thu Oct 28, 2004 2:00 am, edited 1 time in total.
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okay, fair enough. (habeat it will be then, if subjunctive would be used.)
“Cum ego verbo utar,” Humpty Dumpty dixit voce contempta, “indicat illud quod optem – nec plus nec minus.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
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Well done to Kasper for writing finally the Latin in a good word order. Steven where were you son?
I would also be inclined to change position of esse because you are using a relative superlative (-est) not an absolute (very) here thus the romans would have required more emphasis in such a case. The legion which he has is strongest (stronger than all the others). A regular adjective would probably merit esse at the end in normal order, but again you might for emphasis find the copula at the end of the clause insufficient for such purposes. Remember 3 1 2 (3 - most emphasis, 1 least)
Legio tua, mi Quinte, valde sugit (Quintus your legion sucks quite a lot)
Minime! Fortissima est mea legio! (That that that's bollocks! My legion is the STRONGEST of all! )
See the 3 emphasis (fortissima at the start) because you are contradicting a harsh insult.
Never write latin in english order this is an intolerable error as a true Roman or excellent latinist (which is not I!!) would extract many hidden innuendoes from such an unorthodox order that natives of other tongues would not notice.
I would also be inclined to change position of esse because you are using a relative superlative (-est) not an absolute (very) here thus the romans would have required more emphasis in such a case. The legion which he has is strongest (stronger than all the others). A regular adjective would probably merit esse at the end in normal order, but again you might for emphasis find the copula at the end of the clause insufficient for such purposes. Remember 3 1 2 (3 - most emphasis, 1 least)
Legio tua, mi Quinte, valde sugit (Quintus your legion sucks quite a lot)
Minime! Fortissima est mea legio! (That that that's bollocks! My legion is the STRONGEST of all! )
See the 3 emphasis (fortissima at the start) because you are contradicting a harsh insult.
Never write latin in english order this is an intolerable error as a true Roman or excellent latinist (which is not I!!) would extract many hidden innuendoes from such an unorthodox order that natives of other tongues would not notice.
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1. They cannot keep us from the wall.
Non possunt nobis ab muro prohibent
2. Those javelins were thrown with great force.
Illa pilum iactus est magna vie
3. War deprived the wretched inhabitants of food.
Bellum privavit oppidum miserum de cibo
4. There are many thousand men on the hill.
Multi mille viri sunt incolle
I'm a little confused about the last one. I don't know whether I should use mille or milia, because the many makes me think that it's plural, but it isn't thousands, it's thousand.
Non possunt nobis ab muro prohibent
2. Those javelins were thrown with great force.
Illa pilum iactus est magna vie
3. War deprived the wretched inhabitants of food.
Bellum privavit oppidum miserum de cibo
4. There are many thousand men on the hill.
Multi mille viri sunt incolle
I'm a little confused about the last one. I don't know whether I should use mille or milia, because the many makes me think that it's plural, but it isn't thousands, it's thousand.
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possum needs to be followed by an infinitive. Also I don't think prohibeo takes a dative object - so use nos1. They cannot keep us from the wall.
Non possunt nobis ab muro prohibent
pilum and iactus est need to go into the plural.2. Those javelins were thrown with great force.
Illa pilum iactus est magna vie
Ablative of vis is vi.
Inhabitants is incolae, or incolas in this case. Make sure privo takes the preposition de to denote the thing taken away. It could be a plain ablative of separation/deprivation.3. War deprived the wretched inhabitants of food.
Bellum privavit oppidum miserum de cibo
Sunt should, I think, be put first.4. There are many thousand men on the hill.
Multi mille viri sunt incolle
in colle should be two words, but I'm sure that's a typo.
Many thousands of men (is that what you meant?) would be:
Multa milia virorum.
When mille is in the singular it acts like an indeclinable adjective.
When in the plural it's almost like a noun, and takes a genitive of definition.
Compare this to English usage:
a dozen eggs versus dozens of eggs
Milia thus acts like a neuter plural noun.
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Actually the book I got it from says there are many thousand men on the hill, which is why I wasn't sure whether it was supposed to be singular or plural. I guess its a typo in the book.Turpissimus wrote: Many thousands of men (is that what you meant?) would be:
Multa milia virorum.
Anyway, thanks for the help
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O Episcope, it is funny to hear you commenting on word order when you used to be a maniac with it and still are to a degree. Where was I? in colle diu stabam.Episcopus wrote:Well done to Kasper for writing finally the Latin in a good word order. Steven where were you son?
A wise precaution, Turpissime. privo, -are takes only the ablative of separation in Classical writing.Turpissimus wrote:Make sure privo takes the preposition de to denote the thing taken away. It could be a plain ablative of separation/deprivation.
There are a couple constructions with mille which I get mixed up quite often. You may as well translate it as though it said "thousands", at least then you will know what construction to use and the meaning won't be changed. This English sentence does raise an interesting question: why can the plural "many" (as opposed to singular "much") go with singular "thousand"? Collective noun I suppose.Wiggly wrote:Actually the book I got it from says there are many thousand men on the hill, which is why I wasn't sure whether it was supposed to be singular or plural. I guess its a typo in the book.
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participles, like adjectives, must agree with their noun in both case and number; victus should agree with nom. plur. hostes.Wiggly wrote:1. The enemies were defeated by the courage of our infantry
Hostes victus sunt virtute nostros pedites
"of our infantry" is genitive, but you have written nostros pedites (accusative).
to use the verb fruor, frui, fructus sum, take the verb stem "fru-" and add the proper passive ending (it is deponent). The passive ending for 3rd conjugation 3rd person plur. is "-untur".2. The germans enjoy war
germani fruorunt bello
correct, do try to impose a Latin word order though subject - direct object - adverbial phrase - verb3. He defended himself with a shield
Defendit se scuto
proficiscor, proficisci, profectus sum is deponent, you must use passive endings with it always. In addition, you need to use the verb's stem, which is "proficisc-" (not "profisc-"). If you do not know how to derive the present stem, you simply take the infinitive and chop off the infinitive ending. That last comment is really not important for this sentence though since this sentence calls for perfect tense anyways.4. He set out at day break
profiscit prima luce
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1. Trade pecuniam agricola1. Hand over the money, farmer.
Trade pecunia agricola
2. Let us not fear that which we cannot see.
Ne timemus illud utrum non possumus videre
3. Put your feet into the water, girls.
Ponite tuos pedes in aquam puellae
4. Pray for us.
Ora pro nobis
Accusative case, Mr Wiggly
2. Ne timeamus quod non possumus videre.
Timeamus = jussive/hortatory subjunctive
Quod = that which, what
illud means that, uter is which. But you can't just translate literally like this. Let us not fear what we can't see is what is meant here. Use quod.
3. I'd put some punctuation in this sentence. Otherwise people might think you mean the water of the girl.
4. I'm not aware of how the idiom "pray for" is translated into Latin. Pro does indeed mean "on behalf of", so it's a good guess, even if it's wrong.
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I was having some trouble with these ones, so I'm guessing there's alot wrong with them:
1. I do not trust him when he says this
hoc rem dicentem ei non credo
2. After capturing these soldiers, he sent them to Caesar.
Captos hos milites, misit eos ad Caesarem
3. Having advanced three miles, he pitched camp on the bank of a certain river.
Progressus trios millias passos, ponit castram in rip cuidam fluminis
<I didn't know what to do with "a certain river" so I used genitive of description.
4. We made an attack on the enemy who were approaching.
Hostes appropinquentes impetum facimus
1. I do not trust him when he says this
hoc rem dicentem ei non credo
2. After capturing these soldiers, he sent them to Caesar.
Captos hos milites, misit eos ad Caesarem
3. Having advanced three miles, he pitched camp on the bank of a certain river.
Progressus trios millias passos, ponit castram in rip cuidam fluminis
<I didn't know what to do with "a certain river" so I used genitive of description.
4. We made an attack on the enemy who were approaching.
Hostes appropinquentes impetum facimus
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there is no need for rem, but if you were to use it you would have to make the adjective hoc feminine. A simple neuter hoc would be best though (toss rem).Wiggly wrote:1. I do not trust him when he says this
hoc rem dicentem ei non credo
dicentem "saying" has to agree with the word "him", which is in the dative (not accusative). You need to put the whole phrase "him saying" into dative, not just the "him" part. You must remember that participles are like adjectives in that they always agree in case, number, and gender with their nouns.
You have two direct object here, get rid of eos. What you are really saying is "he sent the captured soldiers to Caesar" which is a nice succinct way to put it in Latin, but as you can see there is no need for the word "them" anymore.2. After capturing these soldiers, he sent them to Caesar.
Captos hos milites, misit eos ad Caesarem
"mile" is mille passuum, so "miles" is milia passuum (neuter). You must use the neuter plural of the word tres then, which is tria. Do not take passuum out of the genitive whatever you do, the expression is literally "thousand(s) of paces", it has to be genitive plural or the phrase doesn't make sense.3. Having advanced three miles, he pitched camp on the bank of a certain river.
Progressus trios millias passos, ponit castram in rip cuidam fluminis
<I didn't know what to do with "a certain river" so I used genitive of description.
castra, castrorum "camp" is a neuter plural, the accusative is the same as the nominative.
I assume rip is a typo for ripa.
The genitive of quidam, quaedam, quoddam is cuiusdam (all genders), cuidam is the dative (all genders).
Again you have translated this as though there were two direct objects, which is not so in the Latin. impetum facere means "to make an attack", "to make on attack on ____" would probably be impetum facere in ____ (dative might work instead of in).4. We made an attack on the enemy who were approaching.
Hostes appropinquentes impetum facimus
facimus is present, you need to use a past tense.
appropinquo, -are is 1st conjugation. Now I can HARDLY blame you for a little slippage on this sesquipedalian word The present participle is appropinquans, -ntis (-ans).
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What about these?
1. Many men thought that she ws very beautiful.
Multis de viris existemavisse fuit puchrimissimam
2. We think that the money will be found soon.
Nos existimare pecuniam repperit mox
- I wasn't really sure what to do with mox
3. A few of the nations had already promised to send help.
Paucae nationibus iam pollicerant missurum esse auxillium
- I wasn't sure what case iam is supposed to be
4. Did the scouts report that the mountain had been captured?
Fecitne exploratiores nuntisse montem captus erat
- I didn't know whether to put report in present or perfect, and I
ended up using the perfect.
1. Many men thought that she ws very beautiful.
Multis de viris existemavisse fuit puchrimissimam
2. We think that the money will be found soon.
Nos existimare pecuniam repperit mox
- I wasn't really sure what to do with mox
3. A few of the nations had already promised to send help.
Paucae nationibus iam pollicerant missurum esse auxillium
- I wasn't sure what case iam is supposed to be
4. Did the scouts report that the mountain had been captured?
Fecitne exploratiores nuntisse montem captus erat
- I didn't know whether to put report in present or perfect, and I
ended up using the perfect.
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This will need a fair bit of work....1. Many men thought that she ws very beautiful.
Multis de viris existemavisse fuit puchrimissimam
Try to translate "many men thought" - it's multi existimaverunt, isn't it?
Now with reported speech, which includes not only reports from a third person about someone's speech, but also their thoughts, judgements etc., we use the accusative and infinitive construction. So we should say:
she (in the accusative case)
very beautiful (again in the accusative case)
to be (infinitive form - esse).
The infinitive can vary in tense. If the action the infinitive refers to takes place before the speech/thought, then it will be the past infinitive.
If 'at the same time as', then it will be the present infinitive. Even if, and this should be made absolutely clear, the main verb (I thought, I said) is in a past tense.
And the superlative form of pulcher is pulcherrimus. Adjectives ending in -er add rimus/a/um instead of adding -issimus to the stem. Adjectives ending in -lis likewise form the superlative with -illimus.
We think is existimamus. There is absolutely no reason to put it into the infinitive.2. We think that the money will be found soon.
Nos existimare pecuniam repperit mox
- I wasn't really sure what to do with mox
Will be found requires a future passive infinitive. Now, such a thing does not really exist in Latin. Instead the Romans used the fore ut construction, with either the imperfect or present subjunctive - depending on whether the main ("speaking verb") is in a past or the present tense.
So to translate "He says that the camp will be captured", we say
Dicit fore ut castra capiantur.
Castra here is in the nominative, since it is the subject of the sentence.
Mox is fine.
A few of the nations - this uses much the same arrangement of words as we use in English. Pauci nationum. . . I think (someone check this)3. A few of the nations had already promised to send help.
Paucae nationibus iam pollicerant missurum esse auxillium
- I wasn't sure what case iam is supposed to be
Iam doesn't use cases. It's an adverb, like truly, surely or very. It modifies whole sentences.
Polliceor is a deponent verb. Here you need to use the pluperfect (correct), but you need to use the passive. Polliciti erant.
auxilium has one L.
The clause of indirect speech (literally: they to be going to send help) is next. You need:
Se (which refers to a few of the nations)
auxilium (the help, here in the accusative)
missuros esse (this is the future infinitive, and must agree with the subject)
"Did the scouts report?" is nuntiaveruntne exploratores.4. Did the scouts report that the mountain had been captured?
Fecitne exploratiores nuntisse montem captus erat
- I didn't know whether to put report in present or perfect, and I
ended up using the perfect.
"that the mountain had been captured" is literally in the Latin "the mountain to have been captured"
captus/a/um esse is to have been captured. Here the participle agrees with mountain, which is masculine and in the singular. You are quite correct that the infinitive is to be in the perfect.
You seem to be quite confused as to how reported speech works. Remember that such sentences come in two bits. One looks like
he thought that, I said that, the scouts reported that, the consul agreed that
And it is this part where the verbs behave normally according to their normal conjugation. The other part, the part that deals with what is reported, is put into the infinitive. So that the mountain had been captured is put into latin words that literally mean the mountain to have been captured.
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Remember also how the infinitives behave:
present active - amare
present passive - amari
perfect active - amavisse
perfect passive - amatus/a/um esse
future active - amaturus/a/um esse
The participle bits of the perfect passive and future active infinitives agree with the subject of the sentence. So, in "He said the mountain had been captured" the captus part of captus esse agrees with mountain. This being an accusative and infinitive construction, it's going to be captum, isn't it?
Likewise in "Caesar said he was going to capture the mountain" the capturus part of the future active infinitive is going to agree, not with mountain, but with Caesar - even though the same activity is being described. It relates to who is the subject of the clause. The past participle is passive and the future participle is active.
If you don't understand these issues it's probably best you come to us or speak with your teacher. I think you might need some more help to get it all sorted out. Maybe just try sleeping on the problem.....
present active - amare
present passive - amari
perfect active - amavisse
perfect passive - amatus/a/um esse
future active - amaturus/a/um esse
The participle bits of the perfect passive and future active infinitives agree with the subject of the sentence. So, in "He said the mountain had been captured" the captus part of captus esse agrees with mountain. This being an accusative and infinitive construction, it's going to be captum, isn't it?
Likewise in "Caesar said he was going to capture the mountain" the capturus part of the future active infinitive is going to agree, not with mountain, but with Caesar - even though the same activity is being described. It relates to who is the subject of the clause. The past participle is passive and the future participle is active.
If you don't understand these issues it's probably best you come to us or speak with your teacher. I think you might need some more help to get it all sorted out. Maybe just try sleeping on the problem.....
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Turpe...Turpissimus wrote:2. We think that the money will be found soon.
Nos existimare pecuniam repperit mox
- I wasn't really sure what to do with mox
Will be found requires a future passive infinitive. Now, such a thing does not really exist in Latin. Instead the Romans used the fore ut construction, with either the imperfect or present subjunctive - depending on whether the main ("speaking verb") is in a past or the present tense.
So to translate "He says that the camp will be captured", we say
Dicit fore ut castra capiantur.
Dicit castra capta ire?
“Cum ego verbo utar,” Humpty Dumpty dixit voce contempta, “indicat illud quod optem – nec plus nec minus.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
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Ah the old future passive periphrastic. One of the subtle joys of Latin syntax.
Kaspar, you are thinking of the future passive infinitive which is formed from the supine and the present passive infinitive of eo.
amatum iri
This is exceedingly rare in Latin. I doubt anyone has ever seen it outside of a grammar book. The first bit is a supine by the way and does not agree with the subject of the clause.
The correct way to talk about something that is going to happen, or was going to happen in the future is to use the future passive periphrastic. The principle is easier to grasp than the name.
Dicit fore ut dux capiatur.
He said the leader will be captured
Dixit fore ut dux caperetur.
He said the leader would be captured
It's a point of Latin syntax that is left quite late in most learners' curriculum. It's not that rare though. Happens a couple of times in each chapter of De Bello Gallico.
*****
It also sometimes occurs instead of the future active infinitive.
Ei visus est iuvenis dicere, fore ut brevi convalesceret
The young man seemed to him to be saying that he would shortly recover
Convalesco doesn't have a fourth principle part, so there would be no way of saying this otherwise.
Kaspar, you are thinking of the future passive infinitive which is formed from the supine and the present passive infinitive of eo.
amatum iri
This is exceedingly rare in Latin. I doubt anyone has ever seen it outside of a grammar book. The first bit is a supine by the way and does not agree with the subject of the clause.
The correct way to talk about something that is going to happen, or was going to happen in the future is to use the future passive periphrastic. The principle is easier to grasp than the name.
Dicit fore ut dux capiatur.
He said the leader will be captured
Dixit fore ut dux caperetur.
He said the leader would be captured
It's a point of Latin syntax that is left quite late in most learners' curriculum. It's not that rare though. Happens a couple of times in each chapter of De Bello Gallico.
*****
It also sometimes occurs instead of the future active infinitive.
Ei visus est iuvenis dicere, fore ut brevi convalesceret
The young man seemed to him to be saying that he would shortly recover
Convalesco doesn't have a fourth principle part, so there would be no way of saying this otherwise.
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Hmm... I must admit you are right. I can't believe I still stuff this up!
“Cum ego verbo utar,” Humpty Dumpty dixit voce contempta, “indicat illud quod optem – nec plus nec minus.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
“Est tamen rogatio” dixit Alice, “an efficere verba tot res indicare possis.”
“Rogatio est, “Humpty Dumpty responsit, “quae fiat magister – id cunctum est.”
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1. They sent ahead certain of the soldiers to learn the nature of the region.
Praemiserunt quidam de militibus ut cognoscerent naturam regionis
2. The enemy are losing so many men that they can be defeated easily.
Hostes amittens tot de virorum ut possint vinceri facile
3. Three thousand foarmers assembled to repulse the British
Tres milia agricolarum convenerunt ut repellerent Britannos
4. Has he a shield with which to defend himself?
Habetne scutum cum quod ut defendeat se?
5. Did he persuade the other consul to make war on the gauls?
Persuadetne altero consuli ut bellum ferat Galliam?
6. We shall not allow those merchants to remain here.
Non permittimus illis mercatoribus ut maneunt hic
7. Casear ordered the camp to be fortified.
Caesar iubit castris ut munirentur
8. Wars often cause the nimber of citizens to be lessened.
Bella sape efficiunt multitudinem civem ut minuantur
Praemiserunt quidam de militibus ut cognoscerent naturam regionis
2. The enemy are losing so many men that they can be defeated easily.
Hostes amittens tot de virorum ut possint vinceri facile
3. Three thousand foarmers assembled to repulse the British
Tres milia agricolarum convenerunt ut repellerent Britannos
4. Has he a shield with which to defend himself?
Habetne scutum cum quod ut defendeat se?
5. Did he persuade the other consul to make war on the gauls?
Persuadetne altero consuli ut bellum ferat Galliam?
6. We shall not allow those merchants to remain here.
Non permittimus illis mercatoribus ut maneunt hic
7. Casear ordered the camp to be fortified.
Caesar iubit castris ut munirentur
8. Wars often cause the nimber of citizens to be lessened.
Bella sape efficiunt multitudinem civem ut minuantur
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"certain of the soldiers" must surely be quosdam militum. Accusative case. De DOES NOT MEAN OF. Very important that. It means about or concerning.1. They sent ahead certain of the soldiers to learn the nature of the region.
Praemiserunt quidam de militibus ut cognoscerent naturam regionis
2. The enemy are losing so many men that they can be defeated easily.
Hostes amittens tot de virorum ut possint vinceri facile
Are losing is translated simply by the present tense in Latin. Avoid thinking "well the English mentions losing so I suppose I have to as well". So many men is tot viros. Once again DE DOES NOT MEAN OF. Vincere is a third declension verb so it's passive present infinitive is vinci.
3 is good. In 5 the idiom you're looking for is bellum inferre.3. Three thousand foarmers assembled to repulse the British
Tres milia agricolarum convenerunt ut repellerent Britannos
4. Has he a shield with which to defend himself?
Habetne scutum cum quod ut defendeat se?
5. Did he persuade the other consul to make war on the gauls?
Persuadetne altero consuli ut bellum ferat Galliam?
I'm not so sure myself about the construction to be used in 4. I'd be minded to use an adjectival clause of purpose. So I would write cum quo se defendat - "with which he might defend himself". There's no "e" in there - it's a third declension verb.
6.) Future tense here. Permittemus. Also subjunctive in the clause of indirect command.6. We shall not allow those merchants to remain here.
Non permittimus illis mercatoribus ut maneunt hic
7. Casear ordered the camp to be fortified.
Caesar iubit castris ut munirentur
8. Wars often cause the nimber of citizens to be lessened.
Bella sape efficiunt multitudinem civem ut minuantur
7.) Use the perfect tense. Secondly, he's not ordering the camp to do something - he's ordering that the camp be fortified.
8.) saepe is the correct spelling. Always remember that in Latin we say (wars often cause) that (the number of citizens be reduced). This, to my mind at least, is not a result clause but a noun clause stating what results. Anyway, since "the number of citizens" is not the object of "wars often cause", but the subject of "that . . . be lessened", you must consider (a) the case of citizens and (b) the placement of the phrase in the sentence.
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1. In fact you can use 'de' here but 'ex' is more common.
2. Wiggly are you french? 'tot de' sounds like 'trop de'. Even though it's quite funny don't use 'de' partitively. If you want to do this use das partitive genitive! Wherewith one rendered it "Virorum tantum" (lit. so much of men) or "viros tot".
3. Third conjugation verb. Love correcting those typo/not thinking errors for demz so patronising!
4. Latin is so simple. Use the relative neut. sing of qui quae quod in the instrumental case. I mean ablative of instrument. Too much indo-european.
Cum is NOT needed to denote instrument/means/manner.
5. Flip the inflections. Alter, a , um is one of 9 irregular adjectives, thus it is alteri consuli. With compound verbs of two possible objects the one in english followed by das preposition will be in the DATIVE case and the direct object ACCUSATIVE. i.e. bellum ut gallis inferret? Persuasitne = did he persuade? Perfect indefinite you are looking for. Thus we use according to of tense sequence IMPERFECT subjunctive. Take the infinitive and slap on personal ending. Inferre-t (3rd. sing. ) Simple.
6. iubere has 'irregular' perfect stem = learn them: iuss- No need for substantive clause ut there, some verbs like iubere, cupere, velle etc. prefer to have an infinitive. Which of course will be passive. (muniri) castra must be accusative as object thereof.
7. civium multitudo as it is the subject of the subordinate clause it can't be accusative.
2. Wiggly are you french? 'tot de' sounds like 'trop de'. Even though it's quite funny don't use 'de' partitively. If you want to do this use das partitive genitive! Wherewith one rendered it "Virorum tantum" (lit. so much of men) or "viros tot".
3. Third conjugation verb. Love correcting those typo/not thinking errors for demz so patronising!
4. Latin is so simple. Use the relative neut. sing of qui quae quod in the instrumental case. I mean ablative of instrument. Too much indo-european.
Cum is NOT needed to denote instrument/means/manner.
5. Flip the inflections. Alter, a , um is one of 9 irregular adjectives, thus it is alteri consuli. With compound verbs of two possible objects the one in english followed by das preposition will be in the DATIVE case and the direct object ACCUSATIVE. i.e. bellum ut gallis inferret? Persuasitne = did he persuade? Perfect indefinite you are looking for. Thus we use according to of tense sequence IMPERFECT subjunctive. Take the infinitive and slap on personal ending. Inferre-t (3rd. sing. ) Simple.
6. iubere has 'irregular' perfect stem = learn them: iuss- No need for substantive clause ut there, some verbs like iubere, cupere, velle etc. prefer to have an infinitive. Which of course will be passive. (muniri) castra must be accusative as object thereof.
7. civium multitudo as it is the subject of the subordinate clause it can't be accusative.
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1. She never told him whether she wished to go or not
Numquam dixit eum utrum voluisset ire necne non
2. We hoped to find the very stone with which the general was killed
Speramus repperi lapidem cum quem ducem interficeretur
3. He asked us where the sword had been put
Rogavit nos ubi gladium passuessit erat
4. I am trying to learn which hill they will fortify
sum conarens cognoscere quem collem muniantur
Numquam dixit eum utrum voluisset ire necne non
2. We hoped to find the very stone with which the general was killed
Speramus repperi lapidem cum quem ducem interficeretur
3. He asked us where the sword had been put
Rogavit nos ubi gladium passuessit erat
4. I am trying to learn which hill they will fortify
sum conarens cognoscere quem collem muniantur