Hello all,
Quick (and likely silly) questions:
Why do contract imperatives throw their (acute) accent back in a manner not consistent with the general rule [Smyth 171(b), 424(c)]:
eg: (e contract) ποιέ-ε = ποί-ει, but ποιέ-ει = ποι-εῖ, (o contract) δηλό-ετε = δηλοῦτε, but δηλό-ε = δήλ-ου ?
Also, why in the contract imperative ὁρ-ᾶτε does the circumflex stand on a short vowel?
Regards,
Paul
Contract imperatives and accent.
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- IreneY
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Re: Contract imperatives and accent.
Hello there! Welcome to the forums by the way Can I give you a hint? (look under the "big ten rules").
Why do you accent the uncontracted imperative so? It's ποίεε -> ποιεῖ, δήλοε -> δήλου. Apart from very specific cases, the accent goes as high as the last vowel will allow it to.
As for ὁρ-ᾶτε: The vowel is most definitely long; The vowels that result from a contraction are always long.
Why do you accent the uncontracted imperative so? It's ποίεε -> ποιεῖ, δήλοε -> δήλου. Apart from very specific cases, the accent goes as high as the last vowel will allow it to.
As for ὁρ-ᾶτε: The vowel is most definitely long; The vowels that result from a contraction are always long.
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Re: Contract imperatives and accent.
Thank you very much for your prompt and helpful reply.
I am still uncertain why the accent on the stem is δήλο- when forming the imperative when it is δηλό- when forming a verb in the present tense?
Thank you again,
Paul
I am still uncertain why the accent on the stem is δήλο- when forming the imperative when it is δηλό- when forming a verb in the present tense?
Thank you again,
Paul
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Re: Contract imperatives and accent.
Actually, both the present indicative and imperative have a recessive accent, as far back as
possible according to the quantity of the ultima.
δηλό-ο-μεν > δηλοῦμεν ; δήλο-ε > δήλου.
ὁρά-ω > ὁρῶ ; ὁρά-ε-τε > ὁρᾶτε.
See Smyth §423 and the exceptions in §424 ff.
possible according to the quantity of the ultima.
δηλό-ο-μεν > δηλοῦμεν ; δήλο-ε > δήλου.
ὁρά-ω > ὁρῶ ; ὁρά-ε-τε > ὁρᾶτε.
See Smyth §423 and the exceptions in §424 ff.
Nate.
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Re: Contract imperatives and accent.
Thanks Nate, I had glossed over the rules at Smyth §166 et seq, which your post brought to my attention, and which same information I should have gleaned from Irene's post. I must endeavour to be more careful in future.
Thank you all,
Paul
Thank you all,
Paul
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Re: Contract imperatives and accent.
Nate's absolutely correct. Notice the endings that are added.
ποιε + ει - Here the long combination ει causes the accent to pull onto the ε.
ποιέ + ει > ποιεῖ - The accent remains on the syllable that was contracted.
ποιε + ε - Here the accent is not pulled toward the end of the word, since the vowel is short.
ποίε + ε > ποίει - The accent remains on the syllable before the contraction.
I think you'll find that it's consistent. The accent is placed on the syllable as if there were no contraction.
Uncontracted: ποιέω, ποιέει, ποιέεις, ποιέομεν, ποιέετε, ποιέουσι(ν)
Contracted: ποιῶ, ποιεῖ, ποιεῖ, ποιοῦμεν, ποιεῖτε, ποιοῦσι(ν)
In each case, the long vowel/diphthong pulls the accent back. This doesn't happen with the short vowel in the imperative singular.
Make sense?
ποιε + ει - Here the long combination ει causes the accent to pull onto the ε.
ποιέ + ει > ποιεῖ - The accent remains on the syllable that was contracted.
ποιε + ε - Here the accent is not pulled toward the end of the word, since the vowel is short.
ποίε + ε > ποίει - The accent remains on the syllable before the contraction.
I think you'll find that it's consistent. The accent is placed on the syllable as if there were no contraction.
Uncontracted: ποιέω, ποιέει, ποιέεις, ποιέομεν, ποιέετε, ποιέουσι(ν)
Contracted: ποιῶ, ποιεῖ, ποιεῖ, ποιοῦμεν, ποιεῖτε, ποιοῦσι(ν)
In each case, the long vowel/diphthong pulls the accent back. This doesn't happen with the short vowel in the imperative singular.
Make sense?
Jason Hare
jason@thehebrewcafe.com
jason@thehebrewcafe.com