traduction de "tu es"

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amel
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traduction de "tu es"

Post by amel »

Bonjour
Je voudrais savoir quelle est la traduction de : "tu es" en latin.
dans la conjugaison du verbe "esse" je trouve seulement "es" pour la deuxième personne du singulier mais je ne sais pas si cela est juste sans l'intérgration du pronom personnel.

Merci.

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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by Hampie »

”Tu es” en latin est ”tu es” en français aussi. Mais, ”tu” n’est pas nécessaire, car le ”tu” se trouve dans ”es” en latin. Pourquoi, ”es” en latin, est ”tu es” en français.

C’est un forum d’anglais, de latin et de grec ancienne , peux-tu en anglais écrire, sîl-vous plait?
Här kan jag i alla fall skriva på svenska, eller hur?

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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by adrianus »

You're very welcome, amel. Hi! Write as you can or wish in Latin, French or English or otherwise. If you're not understood too bad for us.

Salve amel et gratus tuus adventus. Scribes ut velis per sermones gallicos, latinos, anglicos, aliter quoquè. Sic in faciendo si non intelligeris, male est de nobis.

Sois le bienvenu, amel. Ecris comme tu peux et comme tu veux, en latin, en français, en anglais, autrement même. Si on ne te comprend pas, tant pis pour nous.
Last edited by adrianus on Sat May 01, 2010 10:25 pm, edited 1 time in total.
I'm writing in Latin hoping for correction, and not because I'm confident in how I express myself. Latinè scribo ut ab omnibus corrigar, non quod confidenter me exprimam.

amel
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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by amel »

Merci adrianus, merci hampie, il es vrai que le forum et plutôt en Anglais, hampie, je vais essayer de faire des efforts pour poster dans la langue du forum, seulement pour cette question précisément, je trouve que c'est ambigu de la poser en Anglais. En Anglais "tu es" devient "you are" mais c'est aussi "vous êtes" et moi je ne sais pas comment sont gérées ces formes en Latin et c'est pour cette raison que j'ai opté pour le Français (en plus des lacunes que j'ai en Anglais je l'avoue).

Thank you,
hampie, I am sorry,I will try to post in English next times, but I think that the post of this question is ambiguous in English because, "tu es" is "you are" but it's also the translation of "vous êtes", and I don't know how these forms are managed in Latin. For this reason and because I have too many gaps in English that I preferred posting in French.

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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by adrianus »

sum // I am, prima persona singulariter, cum vel sine (with or without) "ego" pronomine
es // you are, secunda persona singulariter, cum vel sine "tu"
est // he/she/it is, tertia persona singulariter, cum vel sine "is/ea/id"
sumus // we are, prima persona pluraliter, cum vel sine "nos"
estis // you (ye) are, secunda persona pluraliter, cum vel sine "vos"
sunt //they are, tertia persona pluraliter, cum vel sine "ei, eae, ea"
I'm writing in Latin hoping for correction, and not because I'm confident in how I express myself. Latinè scribo ut ab omnibus corrigar, non quod confidenter me exprimam.

amel
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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by amel »

Thanks adrianus for details.

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ptolemyauletes
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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by ptolemyauletes »

Amel,
Latin tends not to use nominative personal pronouns unless there is a particular reason, usually emphasis.
Cicero, for example, might use the pronoun ego quite liberally in a speech. Why? He doesn't need to, for the subject is happily built into the verb endings (laudo, laudabam, laudavi etc.). But Cicero may be emphasising his role in an event (how unlike him) and feel it necessary to use the word freely.

Another example could be to create a word picture. ego te circumeo. I surround you.
Or juxtaposition.
ego tuum consilium prohibere. ego tuos amicos video. ego te scelera facientem specto.
Everywhere you go I am there...

Hope this helps
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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by Kasper »

Anthony Appleyard wrote:Nonnulli locutores Anglicae linguae Americani dicunt "you" pro 'tu' et 'youse" pro 'vos'.
Scelesti.

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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by Imber Ranae »

Anthony Appleyard wrote:Nonnulli locutores Anglicae linguae Americani dicunt "you" pro 'tu' et 'youse" pro 'vos'.
Perpauci, neque iste usus Americae definitur.
Ex mala malo
bono malo uesci
quam ex bona malo
malo malo malo.

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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by adrianus »

Anthony Appleyard wrote:Nonnulli locutores Anglicae linguae Americani dicunt "you" pro 'tu' et 'youse" pro 'vos'.
Maybe you don't know that many people in England (you're English, right?) also say "youse" for "you (pl.)" and even "youm" in one part (and "ye" still, of course, elsewhere), Anthony.

Quod et magnus anglicorum numerus anglicè "youse" pro "vos" (quâdam in regione et "youm" quidem, et "ye" alibi) dicunt, Antoni, forsit ignoras (etiamsi Anglicus es, nisi fallor).
I'm writing in Latin hoping for correction, and not because I'm confident in how I express myself. Latinè scribo ut ab omnibus corrigar, non quod confidenter me exprimam.

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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by Lex »

adrianus wrote: ... many people in England (you're English, right?) also say "youse" for "you (pl.)" and even "youm" in one part (and "ye" still, of course, elsewhere), Anthony.
In my experience, "youz" is usually used as part of "youz guys" in the States. There's also "y'all" (a contraction of "you all") in the South, of course, and also "you'unz" (a contraction of "you ones", I guess). I don't know of any plural form other than "you" that's considered formally proper, though.
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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by adrianus »

Lex wrote:I don't know of any plural form other than "you" that's considered formally proper, though.
Well, "ye" is formally correct if generally archaic, though still used in certain dialects.
Anglicè "ye" strictim rectum at generaliter archaicum est, etsi adhuc in quibusdam dialectis adhibetur.
I'm writing in Latin hoping for correction, and not because I'm confident in how I express myself. Latinè scribo ut ab omnibus corrigar, non quod confidenter me exprimam.

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Re: traduction de "tu es"

Post by adrianus »

If you want more about "ye" in English, just look in an English dictionary. You will find other possibilities, such as nom., voc., accusative and dative sing. and plural in English.

Si de "ye" anglicé plus reperire desideres, in dictionario anglico inquires. Aliae possibilitates anglicè se ostendunt, et nominativo et vocativo et accusativo et dativo casu et singulariter et pluraliter enim.
 
OED, editio secunda anno millesimo nongentesimo octogesimo nono praebita, wrote: ye, pers. pron. 2nd pers. nom. (obj.), pl. (sing.)
  Now (in all uses) only dial., arch., or poet.; in ordinary use replaced by YOU.
    A. Illustration of Forms:
  1 e, ie, ee, 2-3 ie, (gie, ge), 2-5 (6-8 Sc. printed ze) e, 4-5 ee, north. yhe, 4-6 north. he, 4-7 yee (3 je, hye, 4 ie, iye, (i)he, 7, 9 dial. yea), 3- ye.
c950 Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. v. 13 ee sint salt eores. Ibid. Luke xvi. 15 ie sindon a e ie sofæstie iuih foræ monnum. a1175 Cott. Hom. 217 enche ie aelc word of him swete. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 127 e ne beo ne alesde of deofles anwalde mid golde ne mid seolure. c1200 Trin. Coll. Hom. 143 Nu ie habbe iherd es wimmanes name. c1200 ORMIN 1118 Hu e muhenn lakenn Godd. c1250 Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 28 Hye habbet to gode i-offred of yure selure. c1275 Sinners Beware 320 ibid. 82 To day ye schulle myd blysse To heueryche wende. 1297 R. GLOUC. (Rolls) 9360 Louerdinges je wute wel at [etc.]. a1300 Cursor M. 411 (Cott.) Als yee herd me neuen. Ibid. 19094 (Edin.) His sone..Gie..demid als ge seluin wate. 13.. Gosp. Nicod. 1105 Wende we to aime, if yhe [v.r. he] rede. 13.. Northern Passion 157 He seid wol iye yeue me mede? 1340 HAMPOLE Pr. Consc. 68 Als yhe sal here aftirward sone. 1382 WYCLIF Matt. xxii. 29 ee erren, nether knowynge the scripturis. 14.. Northern Passion II. 172/306 Me enke he saide ihe habbet wrong. 1508 DUNBAR Poems v. 38 Drink with my Guddame, as e ga by. 1510 Reg. Privy Seal Scotl. I. 314/1 Wit zhe us to have made..oure lovit Alexander Andersoun..settar and sear of all skynnys. 1611 Bible Gen. iii. 5 Yee shall bee as Gods. 1639 MURE Ps. cxlviii. 9 Yea mountaines and yea hills. 1683 Col. Rec. Pennsylv. I. 72 All yee that are willing yt the last proposition should stand so as it is. 1878 Cumbld. Gloss., Yea's, you shall.
    b. In combination, proclitically or enclitically, with other words, as: et = ye it, yare = ye are, y'have; d'ee, dee = do ye, hark'ee, harkee. Now dial.
c1200 ORMIN 9006 Loc iff et wilenn follhenn. 1611, 1625, 1632 [see DEE]. 1631 R. KNEVET Rhodon & Iris V. vi. I3, An ample restitution, Of what y'have tane from her. 1632 BROME Northern Lass I. ii, If I interrupt you, hang me. Dee hear? 1634 FORD Perk. Warbeck II. i, Madam, yare passionate. 1708, etc. harkee, hark'ee [see HARK v. 2c]. 1746 Exmoor Courtship (E.D.S.) 485 No, es thankee, Cozen Magery. 1775 SHERIDAN St. Patr. Day I. i, There's a discipline, look'ee in all things. Ibid., Hark'ee, lads, I must have no grumbling.
    Cf. the rimes in the following:
a1721 PRIOR Cupid Mistaken 14 Indeed, Mamma, I did not know Ye:..I took You for your Likeness, Cloe. 1774 GOLDSM. Retal. 136 Then what was his failing? come tell it, and burn ye. He wascould he help it?a special attorney.
    B. Uses.
    1. The pronoun used (as the plural of THOU) in addressing a number of persons (or, rhetorically, of things), in the nominative (or vocative).
Beowulf 237 Hwæt syndon e searohæbbendra? c1000 Ags. Gosp. Matt. vi. 5 onne e eow ebiddon, ne beo e swylce liceteras. c1175 Lamb. Hom. 15 e herde wilche lae weren er crist wes iboren. c1200 Vices & Virtues 19 ie e ber iwant fram me. a1250 Prov. Ælfred 27 in O.E. Misc. 104 Wolde ye, mi leode, lusten eure louerde, he ou wolde wyssye wisliche inges. c1300 Harrow. Hell (E.) 142 Helle ates, y com ou to, Now ich wil at e vndo. 1390 GOWER Conf. III. 37 Thus be yee parted nou atuo. c1450 Mirk's Festial 1 Good men and woymen, ys day, as e knowen well, ys cleped Sonenday yn e Aduent. 1470-80 MALORY Arthur X. lxxx. 555 My fayre felawes wete ye wel that I will torne vnto kynge Arthurs party. a1529 SKELTON Agst. Garnesche ii. 32 Cum Garnyche, cum Godfrey, with as many as e may. 1610 SHAKES. Temp. V. i. 34 Ye, that on the sands with printlesse foote Doe chase the ebbing-Neptune..and you, whose pastime Is to make midnight-Mushrumps. 1662 Bk. Com. Pr., Comm., Conf., Ye [1st Pr. Bk. 1549 You] that do truly and earnestly repent you of your sins. 1781 SIR J. BANKS in Phil. Trans. LXXI. 7 Shew the World that ye still are as ye always have been, worthy the Patronage of your King! 1798 WORDSW. We are Seven vii, Yet ye are seven!I pray you tell, Sweet Maid, how this may be. 1833 TENNYSON Death of Old Year i, Toll ye the church-bell sad and slow. 1841 LANE Arab. Nts. I. ii. 95 The King answered, Ye know not the reason wherefore I would kill the sage. 1902 BRIDGES Matres Dolorosæ, They rode to war as if to the hunt, But ye at home, ye bore the brunt.
    b. In apposition with self (ye self, selven = yourselves): see SELF A. 2. Obs.
a1300 Cursor M. 6786 (Cott.) To cumlinges do yee right na suike, For quilum war yee seluen slike. Ibid. 14691 Bot..if yee self willi be blind. 1388 WYCLIF 1 Pet. ii. 5 And e silf as quyk stoonys be e aboue bildid in to spiritual housis.
    c. In apposition with and preceding a n. (or adj. used absol.) in the vocative.
1362 LANGL. P. Pl. A. VIII. 62 e Legistres and lawyers e witen wher I lye. c1374 CHAUCER Troylus III. 1809 Ye sustren nyne. 1377 LANGL. P. Pl. B. xv. 333 e riche, e robeth and fedeth Hem at han as e han. 1549 LATIMER 3rd Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 84 Ye brainsycke fooles, Ye hoddy peckes, Ye doddye poulles, ye huddes. 1593 SHAKES. Rich. II, III. ii. 88 Looke not to the ground, Ye Fauorites of a King. 1681 BAXTER Hymn, Ye holy Angels bright, Which stand before God's Throne. 1697 DRYDEN Æneid VIII. 634 That Blood, those Murthers, O ye Gods replace On his own Head. 1730 THOMSON A Hymn 76 Ye woodlands all, awake. 1803-6 WORDSW. Ode Intim. Immort. iv, Ye blessed creatures, I have heard the call Ye to each other make.
    2. Used instead of thou in addressing a single person (originally as a mark of respect or deference, later generally: cf. THOU, YOU).
1297 R. GLOUC. (Rolls) 1341 Sire emperour qua e erl o, ne be e no so bolde. a1300 Cursor M. 8721 ‘Lauerd’, sco said, ‘god it witschild at ou britten sua mi child. Yee giue him all til hir allan, Me es it leuer an he be slan’. 1390 GOWER Conf. I. 47 Ma dame, if ye wolde have rowthe. 1411 Rolls of Parlt. III. 650/2 My Lord..I knowe wele that ye be of such birth estate and myghte that [etc.]. c1450 Merlin i. 15 Moder,..be not dismayed, for ye shull neuer be Iuged to deth for my cause. c1460 Promp. Parv. 549 (Winch.) etyng, with worshyp seyng e not u, vosacio. 1481 CAXTON Reynard xxi. (Arb.) 51 Saye that ye your self haue made the lettre. c1489 Sonnes of Aymon xiv. 336 Good lord, ye created & made our fader Adam. 1516 in Acts Parlt. Scot. (1875) XII. 36/2 We with oure lauthfull service thankis oure grace of the grete Regarde e Beir to the weill..of our kingis gracis person. 1590 SPENSER F.Q. I. viii. 26 The royall Virgin..him thus bespake..How shall I quite the paines, ye suffer for my sake? 1591 SHAKES. Two Gent. I. ii. 49 Iul[ia]. Will ye be gon? Lu[cetta]. That you may ruminate. c1730 RAMSAY Eagle & Robin 45 Ze sing sae dull and ruch, Ze haif deivt our lugs. 1786 BURNS To a Louse 19 Now haud you there, ye're out o' sight. 1866 MRS. E. LYNN LINTON Lizzie Lorton III. 159 Ye've dune summut ye're sorry for. 1872 TENNYSON Gareth & Lynette 1142 ‘Damsel’, he said, ‘ye be not all to blame’. 1873 Oxfordshire Gloss., Ee..is a more refined word than thee... ‘Who did ee see up strit?’.. Ee is used to a superior, and not thee. 1878 HARDY Ret. Native I. iii, Be ye a-cold, Christian?
    b. In apposition with and preceding a n. in the vocative.
a1596 Sir T. More I. i. 11 Compell me, ye dogges face! 1599 CHAPMAN Hum. dayes Myrth Plays 1873 I. 69 O ye impudent gossip. 1886 STEVENSON Kidnapped xxix, Ye donnered auld runt.
    3. Used as objective (accusative or dative) instead of you (in plural or singular sense).
c1449 PECOCK Repr. I. xvi. 86 Y preie e seie e to me [etc.]. 1538 BALE Thre Lawes 163 We leaue ye here behynde. 1594 MARLOWE & NASHE Dido IV. iv, For this will Dido tye ye full of knots,..Ye shall no more offend the Carthage Queene. a1596 Sir T. More I. i. 110 He is in a good forwardnesse, I tell ye, if all hit right. 1613 SHAKES. Hen. VIII, V. iii. 181 As I haue made ye one Lords, one remaine: So I grow stronger, you more Honour gaine. 1624 BEDELL Lett. iv. 73 This no Protestant will grant yee. c1650 MILTON Sonn., On new Forcers Consc., To..ride us with a classic Hierarchy Taught ye by meer A.S. and Rotherford. 1667 P.L. II. 840, I..shall..bring ye to the place. 1721 RAMSAY Richy & Sandy 18 I'll bear ye Company for Year and Day. 1815 SCOTT Guy M. xxii, There's saxpence t' ye to buy half a mutchkin. 1820 BYRON Mar. Fal. V. i. 198 Was not the place of Doge sufficient for ye? 1827 KEBLE Chr. Y., 2nd Sunday Advent vi, Ye, who your Lord's commission bear, His way of mercy to prepare: Angels He calls ye. 1840 DICKENS Old C. Shop lxxii, ‘Go thy ways with him, sir,’ cried the sexton, ‘and Heaven be with ye both!’ 1847 HALLIWELL Dict. (1889) I. p. xiv/1 I'd soon yarn sum munney, I warrant ye. 1866 LYTTON Lost Tales Miletus 127 The morrow's sun shall light ye homeward both.
    b. Used redundantly (‘ethical dative’). Obs.
1668 R. L'ESTRANGE Vis. Quev. (1708) 6 He comes ye laden forsooth, with Letters of Recommendations. 1768 TUCKER Lt. Nat. (1834) I. 471 He cannot make a handsome bow, nor run ye off an elegant period.
    Hence ye v., to use ‘ye’ instead of ‘thou’ in addressing a single person: cf. THOU v., YEET v.
1483 Cath. Angl. 426/1 To e, vosare jn plurali numero vos vestrum vel tibi. 1510 Promp. Parv. 537/2 (W. de W.) Yeyn or sey ye, voso.
I'm writing in Latin hoping for correction, and not because I'm confident in how I express myself. Latinè scribo ut ab omnibus corrigar, non quod confidenter me exprimam.

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