Latin translation?

[cakee]

Hi

I'm trying to translate a phrase from english into latin, and so far I have three possibilities. Could some one tell me which of them is right or if they're all wrong??

the phrase is "Courage through adversity"

and the three translations are:

Virtus per asperum

Virtus per adversum

Virtus per aspera


thanks!

[anphph]

"Adversum" literally means "facing against/opposing", whereas "asperum" means "rough, irregular" (but is often metaphorized as adversity, as per the all-too-known motto "Per Aspera Ad Astra" (Through adversities/difficulties/hardships to the stars". It's up to you how literal you want to go with things, but latin is in itself very metaphorized, so I'd just pick one, I suppose.

Aspera is the plural neuter of Asperum, as in "Hardship / Hardships".

[benissimus]

Virtus per asperum

Virtus per adversum

Virtus per aspera

I prefer the last of the three.

[bedwere]

Virtus per asperum

Virtus per adversum

Virtus per aspera

I prefer the last of the three.

After all there is Per aspera ad astra, which is the motto of the South African Air Force.

[nov ialiste]

The British Royal Air Force uses Per ardua ad Astra as its motto. This is usually translated "Through adversity to the stars".