Lesson XII - Lets review what weve learnt

[Tertius Robertus]

robertus omnibus salutem dicit (what is the greek for this?)

and so he ordered to review the forms...

1 Are the three verb forms a safeguide to all other forms? or shall i truly have to master those rules, those long rules full of exceptions?

2 of the verb á¼￾νδάνω the form ἔαδον (page 61 of the pdf) is for the imperfect given, however in lesson 10 (page 58 of the pdf) the form ἥνδανε, which one is the true?

3 why is ου behaving as a diphtong in the declensions, ie, forbidin' the ^ to appear as in νοÏ￾σους, if it sounds as a vowel.

4 as the dative masculine of ἑκεῖνος á¼￾κεῖνῳ is given, whereas it should be á¼￾κείνῳ by the rules, is this a ortographical mistake or it falls into the exceptions (page 307 of the pdf)

5 the prepostions ἀνά á¼￾Ï‚ á¼￾ν have, like others, alternate forms ἀν εἰς á¼￾νί, but unlike others, it is not told how they are to occur -.- when then?

***

6 how do i travel through the pdf without having to scroll for minutes (ya, there are the booknmarks, but they dont link to all the sections in the book, how can i do my own bookmarks)

vale! (what is the greek for this?)

[annis]

robertus omnibus salutem dicit (what is the greek for this?)

ῬοβέÏ￾τος πᾶσι χαίÏ￾ειν. Greek uses infinitives in the opening salutations of letters.

1 Are the three verb forms a safeguide to all other forms? or shall i truly have to master those rules, those long rules full of exceptions?

For what you have learned, mostly. There are exceptions aplenty which you must simply memorize. Also, and I ask you not to take fright from this, the Greek verb has not three but six principal parts. You haven't covered yet the remaining three.

2 of the verb á¼￾νδάνω the form ἔαδον (page 61 of the pdf) is for the imperfect given, however in lesson 10 (page 58 of the pdf) the form ἥνδανε, which one is the true?

The third principal part is the aorist, not the imperfect. So ἥνδανε is the imperfect and ἕαδον is the aorist.

3 why is ου behaving as a diphtong in the declensions, ie, forbidin' the ^ to appear as in νοÏ￾σους, if it sounds as a vowel.

Both ου and ει started out their lives as diphthongs (er, not always true for ει, but pretend it is for now), then became long vowels.

4 as the dative masculine of ἑκεῖνος á¼￾κεῖνῳ is given, whereas it should be á¼￾κείνῳ by the rules, is this a ortographical mistake or it falls into the exceptions

That is, as you correctly noticed, an error. It's correct in the edition I have (Wright's 1985 revision).

5 the prepostions ἀνά á¼￾Ï‚ á¼￾ν have, like others, alternate forms ἀν εἰς á¼￾νί, but unlike others, it is not told how they are to occur -.- when then?

Homer gets to use whichever form he feels like (for metrical reasons, or inspirational ones). In your own translation exercises stick with εἰς, á¼￾ν and ἀνά.

6 how do i travel through the pdf without having to scroll for minutes (ya, there are the booknmarks, but they dont link to all the sections in the book, how can i do my own bookmarks)

I can't help you with this. It'll be different depending on the make/model of the PDF viewer you use.

vale! (what is the greek for this?)

á¼”Ï￾Ï￾ωσθε to several people, á¼”Ï￾Ï￾ωσο to one.

[Tertius Robertus]

For what you have learned, mostly. There are exceptions aplenty which you must simply memorize. Also, and I ask you not to take fright from this, the Greek verb has not three but six principal parts. You haven't covered yet the remaining three.

yes! my plan is to memorize those forms in order to ignore the rules (so that i could regonize them by sight, and not bother with formation)

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i have one more question

The third principal part is the aorist, not the imperfect. So ἥνδανε is the imperfect and ἕαδον is the aorist.

why is it ending in ov? (it should be a ) this and many others have the third form on ov, thereby i thought it were the imperfect (ηγαγαον εσκον etc) (there is no note on these issues

á¼”Ï￾Ï￾ωσο!

[spiphany]

A number of verbs have something called a second aorist, which uses the imperfect (secondary) endings instead of the characteristic alpha. I don't know that it's entirely predictable when this is happens -- often I think it's when the aorist uses a stem which is shorter than the present (as some verbs in nu, for example).

[annis]

Also see this: Notes on the Aorist Morphology.

[Tertius Robertus]

thankς guyς

[modus.irrealis]

3 why is ου behaving as a diphtong in the declensions, ie, forbidin' the ^ to appear as in νοÏ￾σους, if it sounds as a vowel.

Both ου and ει started out their lives as diphthongs (er, not always true for ει, but pretend it is for now), then became long vowels.

Not always true for ου either, right? In fact, I'm thinking the ου in the accusative ending -ους here was never a diphthong.

And to Robertus, note that it's not just diphthongs that affect the accent but long vowels as well. E.g. you would have νοÏ￾σω, νοÏ￾σων, and so on.

[annis]

Not always true for ου either, right? In fact, I'm thinking the ου in the accusative ending -ους here was never a diphthong.

D'oh! Yes, both of them.

[Tertius Robertus]

And to Robertus, note that it's not just diphthongs that affect the accent but long vowels as well. E.g. you would have νοÏ￾σω, νοÏ￾σων, and so on.

silly me