V-sound in ancient Greek missing?
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V-sound in ancient Greek missing?
In some sites with Greek alphabet I read that beta Β stands for B sound, though in modern Greek it is pronounced V.
Didn't the ancients have any V sounds or what letter did they used for this?
Didn't the ancients have any V sounds or what letter did they used for this?
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Re: V-sound in ancient Greek missing?
The ancient Greeks had no v. They did have a w, but that disappeared from most dialects, and consequently isn't usually found in printed texts.ThomasGR wrote:Didn't the ancients have any V sounds or what letter did they used for this?
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That was actually a w.Aurelia wrote:I think they used digamma.
Although V in SPIonic will give you the digamma.
Vάναξ
William S. Annis — http://www.aoidoi.org/ — http://www.scholiastae.org/
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
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It's not in Latin (that 'v' is a 'w'); it's not in Sanskrit (again, 'w' is usually transcribed 'v'); it's not in some of the early Germanic dialects.ThomasGR wrote:How is it possible? I mean, V-sounds are most common in other Indo-European languages.
However, the 'v' sound develops readily, usually from 'b' between vowels or from that 'w' sound.
William S. Annis — http://www.aoidoi.org/ — http://www.scholiastae.org/
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
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According to Palmer (The Greek Language, 1980) this started to happen in the first century A.D. This change may not have happened in all Greek speaking communities at the same time.ThomasGR wrote:In Koine is the v sound present, or in what time area has it developed?
William S. Annis — http://www.aoidoi.org/ — http://www.scholiastae.org/
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
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There is no V sound in Dutch either.annis wrote:It's not in Latin (that 'v' is a 'w'); it's not in Sanskrit (again, 'w' is usually transcribed 'v'); it's not in some of the early Germanic dialects.ThomasGR wrote:How is it possible? I mean, V-sounds are most common in other Indo-European languages.
However, the 'v' sound develops readily, usually from 'b' between vowels or from that 'w' sound.
There is a V in the alphabet but it is pronounced the same as the F, or in some cases just barely distinguishable.
I remember that this caused considerable confusion in spelling. "Is this word spelled with a 'Shot f (ie. v) or a long f (ie. f)."
Edit: There are many many different dialects in The Netherlands.
It is very well possible that in some dialects the V is pronounced as a V.
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the greeks used either the ou diphthong, or the consonant b, to represent the (latin) "v" sound, which is like our "w" as others have said above. they didn't have our "v" sound (or the related "f" fricative).
e.g. to write Octavius, they wrote )Oktaoui/a, and to write "Aventine Hill", they wrote to\ )Abenti=non. see woodhouse:
http://colet.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/chuck ... e_num=1018
http://colet.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/chuck ... e_num=1003
e.g. to write Octavius, they wrote )Oktaoui/a, and to write "Aventine Hill", they wrote to\ )Abenti=non. see woodhouse:
http://colet.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/chuck ... e_num=1018
http://colet.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/chuck ... e_num=1003
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Seems strange doesn't it, a country as small as that, having many dialects. One province of The Netherlands (Friesland) claims to have its own language, and I think they are right (though I usually tell them that it is not a language but a speech impediment.)Eureka wrote:Many dialects in The Netherlands.Bert wrote:Edit: There are many many different dialects in The Netherlands.
It is very well possible that in some dialects the V is pronounced as a V.
So, how you speak must depend on which side of the street you live on?
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For a moment I was about to say, "yes, of course," but I think I should verify which version of that sound you're asking about.John L wrote:What about the J sound? Did they ever have it?
Like the 'j' in job? No.
Like the 'j' in 'ja' (Gmn. "yes", English 'y')? Yes. But it went away in the historical period for the dialects most of us worry about.
Like the 'j' in 'jour' (Fr. "day")? No.
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hi john, they didn't have the english "j".
(but in a sense they had the latin "j", i.e. consonantal "i" (where "i" sounds like "y" at the beginning of the english word "yes"), which is where our "j" comes from.
for greek diphthongs ending in "i" followed by a vowel in the next syllable, e.g. )Axaioi/, vox graeca says that the vowel in the next syllable is pronounced with a consonantal "i" (so the last 2 syllables sound like "igh-yoy"). the same thing happens in latin in certain circumstances.)
(but in a sense they had the latin "j", i.e. consonantal "i" (where "i" sounds like "y" at the beginning of the english word "yes"), which is where our "j" comes from.
for greek diphthongs ending in "i" followed by a vowel in the next syllable, e.g. )Axaioi/, vox graeca says that the vowel in the next syllable is pronounced with a consonantal "i" (so the last 2 syllables sound like "igh-yoy"). the same thing happens in latin in certain circumstances.)
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Don't they use the letter 'w' for v, like in all modern German languages, whereas 'v' stands for f?Bert wrote:There is no V sound in Dutch either.annis wrote:It's not in Latin (that 'v' is a 'w'); it's not in Sanskrit (again, 'w' is usually transcribed 'v'); it's not in some of the early Germanic dialects.ThomasGR wrote:How is it possible? I mean, V-sounds are most common in other Indo-European languages.
However, the 'v' sound develops readily, usually from 'b' between vowels or from that 'w' sound.
There is a V in the alphabet but it is pronounced the same as the F, or in some cases just barely distinguishable.
I remember that this caused considerable confusion in spelling. "Is this word spelled with a 'Shot f (ie. v) or a long f (ie. f)."
Edit: There are many many different dialects in The Netherlands.
It is very well possible that in some dialects the V is pronounced as a V.
I know 'wat', pronounced vat, for 'what', 'wie' pronounced 'vee', 'waa' for 'vaar', and a lot of other words.
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The only other Germanic language I've studied is German but that was 27 years ago. Maybe Emma can enlighten us regarding Modern German.ThomasGR wrote:
Don't they use the letter 'w' for v, like in all modern German languages, whereas 'v' stands for f?
I know 'wat', pronounced vat, for 'what', 'wie' pronounced 'vee', 'waa' for 'vaar', and a lot of other words.
In Dutch the w is not pronounced like a v. Pronounce the English w with your upper teeth touching your lower lip without a lot of air escaping, then you are pretty close to the Dutch w.
Sorry for the amateurish way of discribing it, I'm a carpenter not a linguist
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Interesting... that is how I pronounce a Latin V.Bert wrote:In Dutch the w is not pronounced like a v. Pronounce the English w with your upper teeth touching your lower lip without a lot of air escaping, then you are pretty close to the Dutch w.
Sorry for the amateurish way of discribing it, I'm a carpenter not a linguist
flebile nescio quid queritur lyra, flebile lingua murmurat exanimis, respondent flebile ripae
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The Dutch w is pronounced without a lot of air escaping. Just enough to pronounce the next letter. Maybe a better way of saying this is, you can't hear just a w without a following vowel.ThomasGR wrote:Is v not pronounced always this way?
I mean, how many ways do exist there to pronounce a v-sound?
I speak v by low lip against upper teeth and a lot of air escaping.
The Dutch v - lower lip against upper teeth and let a lot of air escape but not voiced.
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Indeed, it was probably not in PIE either. PIE seems to (unusually) have had only one fricative, [s]. This marks it out as different from, say, semitic languages. Hebrew has a whole sea of S-like sounds.annis wrote:It's not in Latin (that 'v' is a 'w'); it's not in Sanskrit (again, 'w' is usually transcribed 'v'); it's not in some of the early Germanic dialects.ThomasGR wrote:How is it possible? I mean, V-sounds are most common in other Indo-European languages.
However, the 'v' sound develops readily, usually from 'b' between vowels or from that 'w' sound.
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Spanish has the b corta, b larga for v and b, meaning short and large b respectively (it's a rather non-standard way of saying b and v, v normally being called uve, while b is be).
The Dutch "v" is a labiodental approximant (unvoiced? That's unusual); an English "l" pronunced while your mouth is in a position to say the English "v". As I stated (or postulated) at this forum, I found that Classical to post-Augustan era speech would have such a labiodental approximant (so Benissime, you are quite right... but unvoiced?? )
According to some authorities, the English "j" is a double consonant made up of the English "d" and the French "j", which is well attested to in the the name of "Djibouti" in French.
Apparently, as Thucydides rightly points out, Proto-Indo-European did only have a single fricative (the English "s"). I suppose that the trend (of laziness???) is to prolong the plosives into fricatives and voice them (e.g. p--->f--->v; English has been rather conservative, pertaining to its Germanic roots; while English has kept its "k" in "make", German has changed it into "ch" in "machen". Dutch's "maken" has the same sound as English's "k") or the plosives are aspirated.
You might want to see this link for a (large) map of the Dutch dialects (or if you prefer: Nederlandsche Dialecten).
The Dutch "v" is a labiodental approximant (unvoiced? That's unusual); an English "l" pronunced while your mouth is in a position to say the English "v". As I stated (or postulated) at this forum, I found that Classical to post-Augustan era speech would have such a labiodental approximant (so Benissime, you are quite right... but unvoiced?? )
According to some authorities, the English "j" is a double consonant made up of the English "d" and the French "j", which is well attested to in the the name of "Djibouti" in French.
Apparently, as Thucydides rightly points out, Proto-Indo-European did only have a single fricative (the English "s"). I suppose that the trend (of laziness???) is to prolong the plosives into fricatives and voice them (e.g. p--->f--->v; English has been rather conservative, pertaining to its Germanic roots; while English has kept its "k" in "make", German has changed it into "ch" in "machen". Dutch's "maken" has the same sound as English's "k") or the plosives are aspirated.
You might want to see this link for a (large) map of the Dutch dialects (or if you prefer: Nederlandsche Dialecten).