Sheol & Hades, MOT & Thanatos

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C. S. Bartholomew
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Sheol & Hades, MOT & Thanatos

Post by C. S. Bartholomew »

Pulling this out of the Agamemnon thread since it is not really on topic.

In the LXX we see θάνατος MOT personified as the shepherd ποιμαίνει who leads the sheep πρόβατα into to Hades ἐν ᾅδῃ Sheol. The location of the dead, ἐν ᾅδῃ Sheol, the agent is θάνατος MOT.
Psa. 48:15 ὡς πρόβατα ἐν ᾅδῃ ἔθεντο, θάνατος ποιμαίνει αὐτούς·
καὶ κατακυριεύσουσιν αὐτῶν οἱ εὐθεῖς τὸ πρωί,
καὶ ἡ βοήθεια αὐτῶν παλαιωθήσεται ἐν τῷ ᾅδῃ ἐκ τῆς δόξης αὐτῶν.

The Hebrew:
‎Psa. 49:15‏ כצאן לשׁאול שׁתו מות ירעם וירדו בם ישׁרים לבקר וצירם [ו][צורם] לבלות שׁאול מזבל לו


E. Tov Parallel MT/LXX
Psalms 49:15
כ/צאן ὡς πρόβατα [48.15]06
ל/שׁאול ἐν ᾅδῃ [48.15]06
שׁתו ἔθεντο [48.15]06
מות θάνατος [48.15]06
ירע/ם ποιμαίνει αὐτούς [48.15]06
{...ב/}10 ו/ירדו καὶ κατακυριεύσουσιν [48.15]06
ב/ם {p}21 αὐτῶν [48.15]06
ישׁרים οἱ εὐθεῖς [48.15]06
ל/בקר τὸ πρωί [48.15]06
*03ו/ציר/ם **04ו/צור/ם {**}28 καὶ ἡ βοήθεια αὐτῶν [48.15]06
ל/בלות παλαιωθήσεται [48.15]06
{...}10 ἐν [48.15]06
שׁאול {..pἐν}22 τῷ ᾅδῃ [48.15]06
מ/זבל ἐκ τῆς δόξης [48.15]06
ל/ו αὐτῶν [48.15]06
C. Stirling Bartholomew

C. S. Bartholomew
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Posts: 1259
Joined: Mon Sep 19, 2011 10:03 pm

Re: Sheol & Hades, MOT & Thanatos

Post by C. S. Bartholomew »

θάνατος is used in reference to places in expressions like ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου:

Matt. 4:16 ὁ λαὸς ὁ καθήμενος ἐν σκότει φῶς εἶδεν μέγα, καὶ τοῖς καθημένοις ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου φῶς ἀνέτειλεν αὐτοῖς.

Matthew 4:16 ESV
the people dwelling in darkness
have seen a great light,
and for those dwelling in the region and shadow of death,
on them a light has dawned.”

This is a citation from Isa 9:1 LXX. θανάτου does not render MOT in this context. Rather, ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου is a paraphrase for בארץ צלמות which is paraphrased in the NRSV in a land of deep darkness.The Hebrew B ERETZ in land TZLMOT; a word which BDB glosses: death-shadow, deep shadow, poet. — death-shadow. Note the gentive θανάτου follows the head noun(s) as it would in Hebrew. Not that MOT is a component in צלמות TZLMOT. (pardon the strange transliteration, been a while since I was active on b-hebrew)


Is. 9:2 NRSV
The people who walked in darkness
have seen a great light;
those who lived in a land of deep darkness—
on them light has shined.

Is. 9:1 ὁ λαὸς ὁ πορευόμενος ἐν σκότει, ἴδετε φῶς μέγα· οἱ κατοικοῦντες ἐν χώρᾳ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου, φῶς λάμψει ἐφ᾿ ὑμᾶς.

Is. 9:1 העם ההלכים בחשׁך ראו אור גדול ישׁבי בארץ צלמות אור נגה עליהם

E.Tov MT/LXX
Isaiah 9:1
ה/עם ὁ λαὸς
‏ה/הלכים‎ ὁ πορευόμενος
‏ב/חשׁך‎ ἐν σκότει
‏ראו‎ ἴδετε
‏אור‎ φῶς
‏גדול‎ μέγα
‏ישׁבי‎ οἱ κατοικοῦντες
‏ב/ארץ‎ ἐν χώρᾳ
‏צלמות‎ καὶ σκιᾷ θανάτου
‏אור‎ φῶς
‏נגה‎ λάμψει
על/יהם ἐφ' ὑμᾶς
C. Stirling Bartholomew

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