BLD Ex78 Pg34 #4

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 5:50 am

I'm not sure about the answer to BLD Ex 78, Pg 34, # 4. Translate the questions and answer them in Latin. #4. Cuius equum ancilla curat? I translated the question : Whose horse does the maid care for? I answered the question : Ancilla curat equum Marce. Background info: I obtained the answer to this question from this dialogue (excerpt): Galba: Ubi, Marce, est ancilla tua? Cur non cenam parat? Marce: Ancilla mea, Galba, equo legati aquam et frumentum dat. My question is this : In my answer (Ancilla curat equum Marce), I think 'Marce' should be the Genitive since we're talking about Marcus' horse. We haven't yet learned the noun declension for verbs ending in -e (we've only just started with the -um and -us nouns in the 2nd declension). But I looked ahead at the 3rd declension and think the answer really should be this : Ancilla curat equum Marcis. I just realized that the page number in Acrobat doesn't match the page number in BLD.

bingley · Post by **bingley** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:30 am

Have you come across the Vocative case yet? If I remember rightly it's only different from the nominative (subjct) in 2nd Declension masculine nouns. The vocative is the case you use to talk to someone. So if you are calling your slave, for example, you would say "serve" (vocative) and not "servus" (nominative). To make the vocative just put 'e' instead of the 'us' ending. Marce is the vocative of Marcus. I'll leave you to put Marcus into the genitive

bingley · Post by **bingley** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:37 am

PS, note that in your dialogue Marcus says: Ancilla mea, Galba, equo legati aquam et frumentum dat

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:47 am

Hmmm... Uhh... vocative. I was going to say nope, don't know anything about it, but looking back, I see it was touched on very briefly. Which is why I didn't remember it! NOM = Marcus VOC = Marce GEN = Marci So the answer should be Ancilla curat equum Marci ? That really threw me off! So the 'Galba' I read in the dialogue is really the Vocative of the name 'Galba' ... and it looks the same because -a nouns have the same -a ending for NOM & VOC ?

benissimus · Post by **benissimus** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:49 am

Bingley is right. There isn't really such thing as "E" ending nouns. That's a vocative case of masculine second declension. If you meant to use the genitive it would be "Marci", or if you want to address him directly (O Marcus!) you would change his name to "Marce".

bingley · Post by **bingley** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 7:10 am

So the 'Galba' I read in the dialogue is really the Vocative of the name 'Galba' ... and it looks the same because -a nouns have the same -a ending for NOM & VOC ?

Yep.

So the answer should be Ancilla curat equum Marci ?

Grammatically possible, but if your answer is supposed to be based on the dialogue, no. Non Marcus qui equum illum habet sed legatus.

ingrid70 · Post by **ingrid70** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 1:53 pm

[quote author=benissimus link=board=3;threadid=261;start=0#1472 date=1058424577] Bingley is right. There isn't really such thing as "E" ending nouns. There are a few neuter nouns of the third declension ending in -e; e.g. mare 'sea'. Famous for being i-stems. But don't worry about them yet, Marieke, you're going fast enough as it is.

Ingrid[/quote]

Episcopus · Post by **Episcopus** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 2:17 pm

Cuius equum ancilla curat? Galba: Ubi, Marce, est ancilla tua? Cur non cenam parat? Marce: Ancilla mea, Galba, equo legati aquam et frumentum dat. equum legati ancilla curat, would be better IMHO because it keeps the same w order order as the question... by the way, how would one say the maid of marcus cares for the lieutenant's horse? i would have the 2 genitives confused... like where to put them... equum legati ancilla marci curat ?

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 3:35 pm

[quote author=bingley link=board=3;threadid=261;start=0#1470 date=1058423855]Ancilla mea, Galba, equo legati aquam et frumentum dat[/quote] Eheu! Well, that goes to show you that I shouldn't try to study Latin when it's nearing midnight! In that case, the answer should be : Ancilla curat equum legati. The servant cares for the lieutenant's horse.

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 3:40 pm

[quote author=bingley link=board=3;threadid=261;start=0#1473 date=1058425827] Non Marcus qui equum illum habet sed legatus.[/quote] I haven't learned these words yet : qui, illum, habet, or sed. I'm guessing that the gist of what you're saying is this : Not Marcus, but the horse which belongs to Legatus.

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 3:50 pm

[quote author=ingrid70 link=board=3;threadid=261;start=0#1481 date=1058450029] But don't worry about them yet, Marieke, you're going fast enough as it is.

[/quote] Latin consumes me. I feel like I'm not assimilating new concepts as fast as I would like. I often feel like I have to take two steps back to go over something I just learned not too long ago. I feel like I don't have enough time to study. I try to do a little in the evening. I try to do it while I'm on the bus. And I also do it surreptitiously while I'm at work. Shh, don't tell my boss!

Language is a virus. There is even a WS Burrougs poem (I believe) that's called "Language is a Virus". There was a song by Laurie Anderson called "Language is a Virus". And I have read a few geeky webpages on the subject. I digress. What was I saying? Oh, yes... Latin consumes me. And that's not a bad thing at all. ;D

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 4:02 pm

[quote author=Episcopus link=board=3;threadid=261;start=0#1484 date=1058451467] the maid of marcus cares for the lieutenant's horse equum legati ancilla marci curat[/quote] Somewhere in BLD, he gives the "usual" word order as : Subject - Modifiers of the Subject - Indirect Object - Direct Object - Adverb - Verb. So "ancilla marci" is the Subject, and "equum legati" is the Direct Object. So shouldn't the order be reversed, so that it reads : Ancilla marci equum legati curat. Subject Direct Obj Verb Of course I really have no idea, I'm just guessing.

Episcopus · Post by **Episcopus** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 4:20 pm

No no mariek you are right ;D wrong way round on my part! equum legati ancilla marci curat means 'it is the horse of the lieutenant that marcus' maid cares for'

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 5:12 pm

ancilla marci equum legati curat = the maid of marcus cares for the lieutenant's horse. equum legati ancilla marci curat = it is the horse of the lieutenant that marcus' maid cares for It's interesting how you read/translate these two sentences differently. I would read them both as "the maid of marcus cares for the lieutenant's horse". I need to stop assuming that the subject of the sentence should go at the beginning.

Episcopus · Post by **Episcopus** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 5:32 pm

yeah, it's one of those things that has to be done! I have no respect for english! so the more correct answer to "Cuius equum ancilla curat?" would be 'equum legati ancilla curat' it's asking you whose horse is being cured so the most emphasis must be put onto the horse/owner. -the clue is a lot of the time in the question. the emphasis on words in latin is nice instead of vocal emphasis the word order can change! If B.L.D were to ask "Curatne ancilla equum legati"? you could just reply "Curat." (yes) or "Curat ancilla equum legati" being "The maid DOES cure the lieutenant's horse" I put ancilla in the middle because of my instinct, episcopo " curat equum legati ancilla" pulcher non est ;D mei 2 centi ::)

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:01 pm

[quote author=Episcopus link=board=3;threadid=261;start=0#1503 date=1058463150]mei 2 centi ::) [/quote] Meus 2 nummi? Tuus 2 nummi? ???

 Curatne ancilla equum legati? Curat ancilla equum legati. or curat equum legati ancilla.

Yes, I agree that the first (curat ancilla equum legati) seems to have a nicer ring to it... well, I mean as I imagine them to sound.

Episcopus · Post by **Episcopus** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:38 pm

To know the word order it helps to ask the question to which you already know the answer. "Quis equum legati curat?", "ANCILLA marci equum legati curat" "suntne multi episcopi in casa tua?" "SUNT (multi episcopi in mea casa) " Sometimes it gets to a point where the answer is obvious where a verb comes in. That 'sunt' basically means 'yes', or, as I like to think of it "There does be" ps everybody sorry about the monotony of my examples! Verborum copiam non habeo!

benissimus · Post by **benissimus** » Thu Jul 17, 2003 10:44 pm

You guys should feel free to invent your own style. No two Latin speakers spoke alike... there's just far too much complexity and flexibility for that to occur. Certain word orders are common, but none of them are "proper". Put the words wherever you want, unless it gets to the point of confusion (and in that case we conveniently label it poetry

)

bingley · Post by **bingley** » Fri Jul 18, 2003 2:23 am

Non Marcus qui equum illum habet sed legatus. I haven't learned these words yet : qui, illum, habet, or sed. I'm guessing that the gist of what you're saying is this : Not Marcus, but the horse which belongs to Legatus.

qui = who, as a relative pronoun illum = that habet = has, owns sed = but (It is) not Marcus who owns the horse but the legate.

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Fri Jul 18, 2003 6:31 am

[quote author=bingley link=board=3;threadid=261;start=15#1533 date=1058495039] qui = who, as a relative pronoun illum = that habet = has, owns sed = but (It is) not Marcus who owns the horse but the legate.[/quote] It really helps when you break it down that way. And this just shows how much I need to learn to be able to communicate on a basic level. I need to learn more about the grammar, and then I need to learn more vocabulary.

Episcopus · Post by **Episcopus** » Fri Jul 18, 2003 10:47 am

BLD will cover all of that in time! and thanks beniss! I feel more free knowing that I can put words wherever I feel!

mariek · Post by **mariek** » Fri Jul 18, 2003 4:05 pm

So it's a rather structured, yet slightly freeformed, language. It's that freeformedness (is that a word?) which makes learning the language a challenge.

benissimus · Post by **benissimus** » Fri Jul 18, 2003 8:59 pm

Remember how we studied the three main parts of a language, Morphology, Syntax, and Lexicon? A basic rule is that the more you put into one, the less you need of the others. Latin is heavy on morphology, so it does not depend as heavily on syntax as most of our modern languages (though it certainly does adhere strongly to syntax in certain constructions).

Meowth · Post by **Meowth** » Sun Sep 05, 2004 4:12 am

i was going to start a brand new thread for my two questions but going through all the forum i just got the answer for one of those

my question is about exercise 3 :

quid ancilla equō lēgātī dat ?

shouldn't it be equum instead ? can't consider equus as a direct object in the phrase instead of dative case (to the horse) ? why ?

look at number 4 :

cuius equum ancilla cūrat ?

thanks in advance your opinions !

ingrid70 · Post by **ingrid70** » Sun Sep 05, 2004 12:15 pm

Meowth wrote:my question is about exercise 3 :

quid ancilla equō lēgātī dat ?

In this sentence, quid is the direct object of the verb 'dat'. Usually, you can find the direct object by asking "what?" e.g. what does the maid servant give? Even though this is the translation of part of the sentence in this case, it it still valid: the direct object is 'quid'.
Then, you can find the indirect object by asking: 'to whom'. To whom does the maid servant give something? To the horse -ergo: the horse is in the dative case.
If you put the horse in the accusative, equum, the maid servant would be giving a horse (and you would have to leave the 'quid' out of the sentence)

look at number 4 :

cuius equum ancilla cūrat ?

cūrat takes an accusative, even though it is translated by care for. English uses a lot of phrasal verbs, where Latin would use a verb + direct object.

Hope this helps.

Ingrid

Meowth · Post by **Meowth** » Mon Sep 06, 2004 5:13 pm

thanks for replying

to be honest, i don't understand why "quid" is the direct object in the sentence... maybe it's explained later in the book, but til now it does not say anything about it, except for nouns / adjectives in cases

i still see equō in dative case because of my rough translation into english : to the horse; so to is indeed influencing in the meaning of the sentence, then i can't consider equus as in accusative case, but in dative case

am i sooooooooooo wrong ? please tell me

i just don't understand it

ingrid70 · Post by **ingrid70** » Mon Sep 06, 2004 6:55 pm

Hi Meowth,

I gather your problem lies in the use of cases, if not, skip this mail

.

The verb is the main part of the sentence, without verb no full sentence. It tells you what's been done.

The subject (in Latin the nominative) is the 'acting' person or thing, who/what is doing what the verb says. For example:

The boy is standing: 'the boy' is subject, 'is standing' is the verb.

You can check which part of the sentence is the subject, by putting the verb in the plural when it is singular, or the other way around:

The boys are standing: the verb is now plural, and so is the subject.

You can also ask the question: who is doing the verb?: in this case: who is standing? The boy.

The direct object (in Latin the accusative) is the person or thing acted upon. For example:

The boy reads a book : 'the boy' is still the subject, 'reads' the verb, and 'a book' is the direct object.

You can ask the question: what is the subject doing?; in this case: what is the boy reading? A book.

A trick that is not fail safe in English: usually the direct object becomes the subject when you turn the sentence into the passive: the book is read by the boy. Now you can do the singular/plural trick again: the books are read by the boy
(NB: in English, the indirect object can become the subject of the sentence too, in Latin, it can't)

Not every verb can take a direct object. In my earlier example, you cannot be standing something (OK, with a different meaning, there may be quite a lot what you can't stand

). Verbs that can take a direct object are called transitive verbs, verbs that cannot take a direct object are called intransitive.

The indirect object (in Latin the dative) is the thing or person affected by the verb, but not the direct object of it. In English, it is usually preceded by 'to' or 'for', but changing the word order will enable you to skip the preposition. Indirect objects are most often found with verbs meaning 'give'.

The boy gives a book to his friend . 'the boy' is subject, 'gives' is the verb, ' a book' is the direct object, and 'to his friend' is the indirect object.
The boy gives his friend a book . Same as above, but as you can see, the 'to' has gone.

In it's simple form, the indirect object is the person or thing who benefits (or suffers) from the thing that is done to the direct object.

I'm sure there are people who can explain all this a lot better than I can. Google on 'indirect direct object', and browse through the results.

Ingrid

Meowth · Post by **Meowth** » Mon Sep 06, 2004 7:27 pm

oh i'm feeling so dumb :oops:

i have been studying everyday latin but i forgot about transitive verbs... yeah, it explains it all !!!

you made it clear for me, so i just can say THANK YOU

Timothy · Post by **Timothy** » Mon Sep 06, 2004 8:09 pm

to be honest, i don't understand why "quid" is the direct object in the sentence...maybe it's explained later in the book, but til now it does not say anything about it, except for nouns / adjectives in cases

The book does cover this in enough detail for this point in the language.

First, look at the section on the Dative Relation, § 43.

Here you are told that the relation is expressed by the preposition "to/towards/for". However...you are immediately told that it does not cover motion towards. You are given examples of such motion: "She went to town; he ran towards town; Columbus sailed for America." So keep in mind the idea that motion is not the dative case.

Now he describes the Indirect Object in § 44. The two examples given are:

1. The sailor announces the flight.
2. The sailor announces the flight to the farmers.

In the first sentence you can identify the subject object and verb. In the second sentence, they haven't changed but we've added an indirect object, "to the farmers".

Let's play a little substitution game here. The accusative case is in § 37 and tells us that it answers the question "What?" so everyplace we ws have the accusative case, we'll substitute the word WHAT.

1. The sailor announces WHAT.
2. The sailor announces WHAT to the farmers.

You can see how to turn the first sentence into a question:
1a. WHAT does the sailor announce?

If you use the table from § 33 you might think that the farmers answers the question WHOM...except for that preposition to. TO WHOM is what § 44 tells you the dative case covers.

2a. The sailor announces WHAT TO WHOM.

Now let's take the current sentence: quid ancilla equo legati dat?

First let's use our substitution, which in this case is really easy because we are given the WHAT.

WHAT does the maid give?

From our example above, we can turn this question back into a statement:
The maid gives WHAT.

So quid is the direct object.

Now the rest...

The maid gives WHAT TO WHOM.

TO WHOM does the maid give the WHAT? equo legati. indirect object, dative case.

OK, now the real problem sentence: cuius equum ancilla curat ?

Ingrid has mentioned to you that curat takes the accusative. This is mentioned in the text as well but you may have missed it. At the beginning of § 77 you are told to learn the special vocabulary. In that vocabulary you are given the verb curat and told its meaning is to care for and you are told that it takes the accusative case. That last part is the important part.

When you are given a word definition and told that it takes a particular case you are being directed to use that case over another according to the rules of the language. In this case, the verb carat, to care for, has a preposition built into it. so there is no preposition "for" to add when it is used in a sentence, like the one we have.

The made cares for WHOM?

Back to § 37 and we find the accusative case answers the question WHOM. So the definition of the verb and the sentence match up.

This leaves us with cuius, which you were given in the first special vocabulary as whose. So you end up with:

WHOSE WHAT does the maid care for?

I hope this helps.

- Tim

Meowth · Post by **Meowth** » Tue Sep 07, 2004 1:54 am

thanks

i see the point but sometimes there's a lot of information to learn

i'm trying my best to learn every vocabulary, personal ending and such; i just need to review more frequently, maybe a few things i've learned before, two or three days later i just forgot 'em, and that's such a shame !

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