1. The land was ruled by a good king.
Terra ab rege bonō regebātur/recta est.
2. The soldier was killed by an arrow.
miles ab sagittā interficiēbātur/interfectus est.
3. The boy killed the bird with a stone.
puer avem lapide interficiēbat/interfecit.
4. The Roman general was defeated by Hannibal.
imperator romanus ab Hannibale superabātur/superātus est.
5. The soldier killed the peasant with a sword.
miles agricolam cum gladiō interficiēbat/interfecit.
6. We have been conquered by the enemy.
ab hostilibus vincebāmur/victī sumus.
7. The walls were defended by the citizens.
Murī a civibus defendebantur/defensī sunt.
8. Our city was built by Romulus.
Urbs ab Romulō aedificabātur/aedificata est.
9. The Romans fortified their city with a wall.
Romanī urbem eōrum murō munibant/munivērunt.
10. Gaul is separated from Britain by the sea.
Gallia a Britanniā mare dividitur.
11. A high wall defends the camp.
murus altus castrum defendit.
12. We are loved by our friends, and we love them.
Ab amicīs amāmur, eōsque amāmus.
13. We shall not be conquered by the enemy.
Ab hostilibus nōn vincantur.
14. The camp is defended by a long wall.
Castrum a murō longō defenditur.
15. The citizens defended the city.
Civēs urbem defendebant/defendērunt.
16. Cities are defended by the citizens.
Urbēs a civibus defenduntur.
17. We have taken the camp.
Castrum accepimus.
18. The camp has been taken by us.
Castrum a nobīs accipiēbātur/acceptum est.
19. They are teaching the boys.
Puerōs docent.
20. The boys are taught by books.
Puerī librīs docentur.
Thanks!
2. The soldier was killed by an arrow.
miles ab sagittā interficiēbātur/interfectus est.
Scratch ab - that is only used for people.
We shall not be conquered by the enemy.
Gregarius wrote:Note to put too fine a point on it, or to sidetrack, but ab can also be used for beings with will, such as animals and gods, right?
Sceptra Tenens wrote:sed hoc "We shall not be defeated" mihi significat "certe non vincemur". Quia anglicus est, qui scripsit, "non vincemur" sine "certe".
Craig_Thomas wrote:All I can see wrong with those: your consistent use of nole in place of nōlī; hieme in place of hiemem in 10; nōbīs in place of ad nōs in 4 (and that one's arguable).
Words Version 1.97Ed wrote:ago, agere, egi, actus V [XXXAO]
drive, urge, conduct; spend (time w/cum); thank (w/gratias); deliver (speech);
Give me this book.
Amiros wrote:14. This is Caius's book—give it to him.
Liber Caiī est – eī eum dā.
Amiros wrote:2. Did you, who were present, see him?
Vīdīsne eum tū, quī aderās??
4. He was not killed by the enemy, was he?
Num ab hostibus interfēctus est?
5. Has he lost the presents which you gave him?
Perdidītne dōna, quae eī dēderās?
6. What general conquered the Teutones?
Quis imperātor Teutōnēs vīcit?
7. What did you buy for your brother?
Quid ēmīs fratrī tuō?
11. Surely he did not say that?
Nōnne id dīxit?
13. This is the book that I lost.
Hic est liber quem perdidī.
16. Am I not your father?
Num pāter tuus sum?
17. He did not say that, did he?
Nōnne id dīxit?
I don't see any difference between that and no. 11.
18. She is not the woman, whose son was present.
Nōn est fēmina, cuius filius aderat.
4. He was not killed by the enemy, was he? (surprised/annoyed) or Surely he wasn't killed by the enemy?
An ab hostibus interfectus sit? vel Num ab hostibus interfectus est?
11. Surely he did not say that?
Num id dixit?
16. Am I not your father? = Surely I am your father.
Nonne pater tuus sum?
17. He did not say that, did he? (surprised/annoyed) or Surely he didn't say that.
An id dixerit? vel Num id dixit?
N&H, p.86 wrote:Exemplum c
Num Caesar ad castra advenit?
Caesar has not reached the camp, has he?
2. He has a garden which was given him by his friend.
Eī hortus, quī eī ab amīcō suō dātus est.
3. He bought the house for himself and his wife.
Domum suī et feminae suae ēmit.
9. Your Gauls fear Caesar and his army.
Gallī tuī timent Caesarem et legiōnem eius.
10. He led his army against the Gauls, and took their camp.
Legiōnem suum contrā Gallōs dūxit, et castra eōrum cēpit.
15. He himself gave me his own sword.
Is ipse gladium ipsī mihi dēdit.
(Should eius come here before ipsī?)
16. I killed him, because he wished to make himself king.
Eum interfēcī, quod suum ipsum rēgem facere volēbat.
(I assume ipsum is needed in the subordinate clause, although the subject of the main clause is first person and therefore suum cannot refer to it anyway.)
Craig_Thomas wrote:I don't know about this one.
M&F, p.237, wrote:However, in subordinate subjunctive clauses and in indirect statement, the reflexive refers to the subject of the main clause and not to that of the clause in which it appears. This use is called the indirect reflexive.
N&H, p.40, wrote:Rule 7, In simple sentences "se" refers to the subject of its own clause. In Indirect Statement (Acc. with Inf.) use se with reference to the subject of the principal verb; i.e. the verb of 'saying.' 'Eum,' 'eos' must not be used for the speaker.
A&G, §300.2, Note, wrote:"Sometimes the person or thing to which the reflexive refers is not the grammatical subject of the main clause, though it is in effect the subject of discourse."
"He said that he had killed him because he wished to make himself king."
"Dixit se eum interfecisse quod is se facere voluisset regem." (nisi fallor)
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