I'm trying to get a grasp on infinitives and have the following question:
Suppose you have the following english sentence in Greek:
I need to appear in court.
With "to appear" being the greek infinitive.
1)
What would the differences in meaning be in this sentence if it was a present infinitive compared to a future infinitive?
2)
What would the differences in meaning be in this sentence if it was a aorist infinitive compared to a future infinitive?
I can make a guess at number 1. Present would show an ongoing need to appear in court (perhaps they are a lawyer) vs simply the need to appear in court at some future date.
I can't even make a guess at number two. Does the idea of a future infinitive even make sense? Obviously if one needs to do something, then they are not doing it now and it has to be future regardless of tense?
Thanks for any help.
Time Significance and Infinitives?
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The future can also have the (now I know why some English grammar books might be a good idea) 'final' aspect. That's what the Germans call it anyway .
Like:
I go to court so that I can appear.
But in this sentance, well uh... I can't think of a Greek verb need with infinitive only with gen.
I know nothing about English- Greek translation at all, though.
I need to appear in court in future. Lol, think that's what the difference is if you have a future infinitive . Let's just wait for William or Skylax or anyone else good at Greek to reply...
Aorist is one point in time, so depending on wether you need to be in court at a certain point in time or over a period of say months you use either aorist (and because it's infinitive it's not past, it's only really past if it's in the indicative) or present.
Hmmm... I really need to learn more Greek
Like:
I go to court so that I can appear.
But in this sentance, well uh... I can't think of a Greek verb need with infinitive only with gen.
I know nothing about English- Greek translation at all, though.
I need to appear in court in future. Lol, think that's what the difference is if you have a future infinitive . Let's just wait for William or Skylax or anyone else good at Greek to reply...
Aorist is one point in time, so depending on wether you need to be in court at a certain point in time or over a period of say months you use either aorist (and because it's infinitive it's not past, it's only really past if it's in the indicative) or present.
Hmmm... I really need to learn more Greek
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Re: Time Significance and Infinitives?
In this sort of construction the future infinitive would not be used at all; it's mostly used in indirect statements - "he said that the general will go." (Normally better English is "the general would go.")JauneFlammee wrote:I need to appear in court.
With "to appear" being the greek infinitive.
1)
What would the differences in meaning be in this sentence if it was a present infinitive compared to a future infinitive?
That is correct. The aorist indicative means past time, but the infinitive, the imperative, the participle and the subjunctive and optative mean single action (or thought of as single event: for example, in the middle of a war, a battle is ongoing; 30 years later, the battle appears as one event).2)
What would the differences in meaning be in this sentence if it was a aorist infinitive compared to a future infinitive?
I can make a guess at number 1. Present would show an ongoing need to appear in court (perhaps they are a lawyer)
So, present: I need to appear in court (duration implied);
aorist: I need to appear in court (single event).
Yes, but Greek doesn't do it that way.I can't even make a guess at number two. Does the idea of a future infinitive even make sense?
That also makes sense, and that's what Greek does. So in a sentence like "I want to go to Greece" the future is very strongly implied, but the grammar is going to use a present or aorist infinitive.Obviously if one needs to do something, then they are not doing it now and it has to be future regardless of tense?
William S. Annis — http://www.aoidoi.org/ — http://www.scholiastae.org/
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
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English calls it that, too, sometimes. Also called "purpose clauses." It's mostly the future participle that gets this job:Emma_85 wrote:The future can also have the (now I know why some English grammar books might be a good idea) 'final' aspect. That's what the Germans call it anyway .
. . . . ὁ γὰρ ἦλθε θοὰς ἐπὶ νῆας )αχαιῶν [u]λυσόμενός[/u] τε θύγατρα ... Iliad I.12-13
"For he came to the swift ships of the Achaians
in order to ransom his daughter"
William S. Annis — http://www.aoidoi.org/ — http://www.scholiastae.org/
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;
τίς πατέρ' αἰνήσει εἰ μὴ κακοδαίμονες υἱοί;