Future perfect
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Future perfect
I don't think I've ever used or seen a future perfect since I started learning Latin 3/4 of a year ago. When do you use them? Are there any cases where you have to use them?
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FP is formed from the future tense of sum tacked on to the perfect stem. It therefore looks rather like the perfect subjunctive (but it lackes this subjunctives long i in the first person plural, and second persons).
It's used in rather more circumstances than its English counterpart. If you're narrating a sequence, and future action is completed before another (When we arm the inhabitants, we shall conquer the Romans) the the future perfect is used in the when-clause. e.g.
Ubi/Si incolas armaverimus, Romanos superabimus
Interestingly, Latin does not do this in narration of past tense, when it uses ubi/antequam/postquam/simulac/ut but does with cum/quod/quia etc:
Simulac Caesarem vidi, domum properavi ut uxorem colloquar.
Amicum in Graecia non vidi quod in Asiam navigaverat.
It's used in rather more circumstances than its English counterpart. If you're narrating a sequence, and future action is completed before another (When we arm the inhabitants, we shall conquer the Romans) the the future perfect is used in the when-clause. e.g.
Ubi/Si incolas armaverimus, Romanos superabimus
Interestingly, Latin does not do this in narration of past tense, when it uses ubi/antequam/postquam/simulac/ut but does with cum/quod/quia etc:
Simulac Caesarem vidi, domum properavi ut uxorem colloquar.
Amicum in Graecia non vidi quod in Asiam navigaverat.