ὅτι τάχιστά & ὡς τάχιστα

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C. S. Bartholomew
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ὅτι τάχιστά & ὡς τάχιστα

Post by C. S. Bartholomew »

S.OT 1340
Ἀπάγετ' ἐκτόπιον ὅτι τάχιστά με,

ὅτι τάχιστά functions here as an adverbial constituent.

Goeffery Steadman[1] has a helpful note on this. Smyth §1086 talks about it as well. Turns out this idiom is found several hundred times in TLG and ὡς τάχιστα is even more common. However both are super rare in canonical texts.

Acts 17:15 οἱ δὲ καθιστάνοντες τὸν Παῦλον ἤγαγον ἕως Ἀθηνῶν, καὶ λαβόντες ἐντολὴν πρὸς τὸν Σιλᾶν καὶ τὸν Τιμόθεον ἵνα ὡς τάχιστα ἔλθωσιν πρὸς αὐτὸν ἐξῄεσαν.

3Mac. 1:8 Τῶν δὲ Ιουδαίων διαπεμψαμένων πρὸς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τῆς γερουσίας καὶ τῶν πρεσβυτέρων τοὺς ἀσπασομένους αὐτὸν καὶ ξένια κομιοῦντας καὶ ἐπὶ τοῖς συμβεβηκόσιν χαρισομένους συνέβη μᾶλλον αὐτὸν προθυμηθῆναι ὡς τάχιστα πρὸς αὐτοὺς παραγενέσθαι.

The Church Fathers have a few examples of ὅτι τάχιστά

Origenes Theol., Fragmenta in Psalmos
Psalm 66, verse 1, line 15

πησιν, καὶ τὴν σωτήριον ἐπιφάνειαν, καὶ τῶν
ἐθνῶν ἁπάντων τὴν σωτηρίαν. Θεασάμενος
ὁ προφήτης τοῖς τοῦ πνεύματος ὀφθαλμοῖς
τὴν ἐσομένην πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις σωτηρίαν διὰ
τῆς θείας ἐπιφανείας, ἱκετεύει ταύτην ὅτι
τάχιστα
παρασχεθῆναι, ἵνα τὴν ἐκ ταύτης
φυομένην εὐλογίαν τρυγήσωμεν ἅπαντες·
εἶτα διὰ τὸν ἐπαγόμενον ταύτην ἡμᾶς δι-
δάσκει σαφέστερον. Ἐπιφανεῖται δὲ τὸ πρό-
σωπον τοῦ πάντων δημιουργοῦ, τὸ πληροῦν
ἡμᾶς εὐλογίας καὶ οἰκτιρμῶν, ἐπιφανέντο

Eusebius Praeparatio evangelica
12,21,4, line 1

τὰ γὰρ ὑπὸ τῶν πολλῶν λεγόμενα ἀγαθὰ οὐκ ὀρθῶς λέγεται. λέγεται
γὰρ ὡς ἄριστον μὲν ὑγιαίνειν, δεύτερον δὲ κάλλος, τρίτον δὲ πλοῦτος· μυρία δὲ
ἄλλα ἀγαθὰ λέγεται· καὶ γὰρ ὀξὺ ὁρᾶν καὶ ἀκούειν καὶ πάντα ὅσα ἔχεται τῶν
αἰσθήσεων εὐαισθήτως ἔχειν, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὸ ποιεῖν τυραννοῦντα ὅ τι ἂν ἐπι-
θυμῇ, καὶ τὸ δὴ τέλος ἁπάσης μακαριότητος εἶναι τὸ πάντα ταῦτα κεκτη-
μένον ἀθάνατον εἶναι γενόμενον ὅτι τάχιστα. ὑμεῖς δὲ καὶ ἐγώ που τάδε
λέγομεν, ὡς ταῦτά ἐστι ξύμπαντα δικαίοις μὲν καὶ ὁσίοις ἀνδράσιν ἄριστα
κτήματα, ἀδίκοις δὲ κάκιστα ξύμπαντα, ἀρξάμενα ἀπὸ τῆς ὑγείας. καὶ δὴ καὶ
τὸ ὁρᾶν καὶ τὸ ἀκούειν καὶ αἰσθάνεσθαι καὶ τὸ παράπαν ζῆν μέγιστον μὲν
κακὸν τὸν ξύμπαντα χρόνον ἀθάνατον ὄντα καὶ κεκτημένον πάντα τὰ λεγό

Eusebius Praeparatio evangelica
12,29,15, line 2

Εἰ πάντας, ὦ Σώκρατες, πείθοις ἃ λέγεις ὥσπερ ἐμέ, πλείων ἂν εἰρήνη
καὶ κακὰ ἐλάττω κατ' ἀνθρώπους εἴη.
Ἀλλ' οὔτ' ἀπολέσθαι τὰ κακὰ δυνατόν, ὦ Θεόδωρε (ὑπεναντίον γάρ τι τῷ
ἀγαθῷ ἀεὶ εἶναι ἀνάγκη) οὔτ' ἐν θεοῖς αὐτὰ ἰδρῦσθαι, τὴν δὲ θνητὴν φύσιν
καὶ τόνδε τὸν τόπον περιπολεῖ ἐξ ἀνάγκης. διὸ καὶ πειρᾶσθαι χρὴ ἐνθένδε
ἐκεῖσε φεύγειν ὅτι τάχιστα. φυγὴ δὲ ὁμοίωσις θεῷ κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν· ὁμοίω-
σις δὲ δίκαιον καὶ ὅσιον μετὰ φρονήσεως γενέσθαι. ἀλλὰ γάρ, ὦ ἄριστε, οὐ
πάνυ τι ῥᾴδιον πεῖσαι ὡς ἄρα οὐχ ὧν ἕνεκα οἱ πολλοί φασι δεῖν πονηρίαν μὲν
φεύγειν, ἀρετὴν δὲ διώκειν, τούτων χάριν τὸ μὲν ἐπιτηδευτέον, τὸ δ' οὔ, ἵνα
δὴ μὴ κακὸς καὶ ἵνα ἀγαθὸς δοκῇ εἶναι. ταῦτα μὲν γάρ ἐστιν ὁ λεγό-
μενος γραῶν ὕθλος, ὡς ἐμοὶ φαίνεται, τὸ δὲ ἀληθὲς ὧδε λέγομεν· θεὸς οὐδαμῆ

On the other hand ὡς τάχιστα is fairly common in the Church Fathers.

[1] Goeffery Steadman and Smyth are helpful guides, this is apparently an exceedingly rare quality.
C. Stirling Bartholomew

Hylander
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Re: ὅτι τάχιστά & ὡς τάχιστα

Post by Hylander »

I'm not sure I see anything noteworthy about this. It's pretty elementary Greek: ὡς or ὅτι + superlative X = "as X as possible".

LSJ ὡς:
c. with the Sup., as much as can be, “ὡς μάλιστα” Th.1.141, etc.: ὡς ῥᾷστα as easily as possible, A.Pr.104; “ὡς πλεῖστα” Democr. 189; ὠς τάχιστα as quickly as possible, Alc.Supp.4.15, etc.; more fully expressed, “ὡς δυνατὸν ἄριστα” Isoc.12.153; “ὡς ἐδύναντο ἀδηλότατα” Th.7.50; “μαχομένους ὡς ἂν δυνώμεθα κράτιστα” X.An.3.2.6; “ὡς οἷόν τε βελτιστον” Pl.R.403d; ὡς ἀνυστὸν κάλλιστα Diog.Apollon.3: ὡς and ὅτι are sts. found together, where one is superfluous, “ὡς ὅτι μάλιστα” Pl.Lg.908a; “βοῦν ὡς ὅτι κάλλιστον” IG22.1028.17 (ii/i B. C.); v. infr. G.
LSJ ὅ τι/ὅτι:
III. with a Sup. Adv., ὅττι τάχιστα as quick as possible, Il.4.193, Od.5.112, al.; also “ὅ τι τάχος” Hdt.9.7.β́, S.Ant.1321 codd. (lyr., dub. l.), Th.7.42, etc.; “ὅ τι μάλιστα” Id.5.36, etc.; “ὅ τι ἐγγύτατα” Id.3.40; “ὅ τι ἐλάχιστα” Id.6.23; “ὅ τι χρησιμώτατα” Id.7.74: also with Adjs., “ὅ τι πλείστη ἀπορία” Id.4.32; ὅ τι πλεῖστον ναυτικόν, ὅ τι πλεῖστον χρόνον, X.HG4.8.6, Cyr.6.1.43; “ὅ τι πλείστη εὐδαιμονία” Pl.R.421b; “ὅ τι μεγίστη πρόφασις” Th.1.126, cf. 7.69; “παῖδας ὅ τι χειροτεχνικωτάτους” Ar.V.1276, etc.— Here also the usage may be compared with that of “ὅσος” 1.7, IV.4.
You'll probably find other examples of this in "canonical" texts with superlatives other than τάχιστα, but the scarcity in canonical texts of ὡς/ὅτι τάχιστα specifically is most likely due to the small sample size.
Bill Walderman

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