Hello everybody, could any one explain me why is the present tense used here?
καὶ λίην σε πάρος γ' οὐτ' εἴρομαι οὔτε μετάλλῶ,
ἀλλὰ μάλ' εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι, ἅσσ' ἐθέλῃσθα
(Iliad I. 553)
I understand that she says that she have never before (πάρος) neither ask nor inquire him, but he (always?) does what he wants to. If this is correct, why is not some past tense used instead of εἴρομαι/μετάλλῶ? Pharr has not made any comment about this in footnotes.
And another question by-the-way: should I let the conjuntion καί untranslated here? This is always a topic of confusion to me.
πάρος + present tense
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Re: πάρος + present tense
In fact Gaza's paraphrase has imperfects:huilen wrote:καὶ λίην σε πάρος γ' οὐτ' εἴρομαι οὔτε μετάλλῶ,
ἀλλὰ μάλ' εὔκηλος τὰ φράζεαι, ἅσσ' ἐθέλῃσθα
(Iliad I. 553)
...why is not some past tense used instead of εἴρομαι/μετάλλῶ?
καὶ λίαν σε ἐγὼ πρότερον οὔτε ἠρώτων, οὔτε ἀκριβῶς ἠρεύνων...
I think the present is used to make the tone more vivid and lively, sort of like the historical present.
"Before I get my first cup of coffee, I am hating life."
Yes, the force of the connectives are to be felt rather than ignored or translated....should I let the conjuntion καί untranslated here?
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Re: πάρος + present tense
It's an interesting question, and you have more or less hit the correct answer yourself. It's that this is a special case with πάρος. With πάρος, the present is normal in Homer, and this is actually pretty common in Homer. Maybe it's easier to understand the present if you translate πάρος "until now" (at least mentally, to internalize the construction) instead of "before" or "formerly", which is what the dictionaries give.
As for καί, I don't think you should necessarily leave it untranslated - but it doesn't mean "and" here. I think it rather strengthens the word λίην. So I think καί means something like "indeed" here, if it must be translated.
As for καί, I don't think you should necessarily leave it untranslated - but it doesn't mean "and" here. I think it rather strengthens the word λίην. So I think καί means something like "indeed" here, if it must be translated.
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Re: πάρος + present tense
isn't καὶ λίην a frequent combination meaning something like truly or verily or indeed?
For πάρος: Ameis says it is best translated as 'sonst' (otherwise?) with the praesens.
For πάρος: Ameis says it is best translated as 'sonst' (otherwise?) with the praesens.
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Re: πάρος + present tense
The point is not that καί should not be translated, but that καί is not an exact equivalent of "and" and can't be translated mechanically.Markos wrote:Yes, the force of the connectives are to be felt rather than ignored or translated....should I let the conjuntion καί untranslated here?
In his etymological dictionary, Chantraine says that the primary meaning of καί is "de plus, précisément, également" ("moreover, (more) precisely, likewise" - I'm not completely happy with the these English equivalents I came up with), and the copulative sense ("and") is secondary. τε is the original Greek word for "and" (cf. Latin -que and Sanskrit -ca).
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Re: πάρος + present tense
Ameis is excellent in this sort of situation, to give a "feeling" for the construction at hand, really taking each particle into consideration. The problem is that my German is rather poor, so sometimes I don't catch all the nuances in German. Here's he says for this:
καὶ λίην πάρος γε, bestätigend und zustimmend, ich frage ja auch sonst nicht.
Maybe Ameis has translated καί "ja" here, but you can't really give exact correspondences, because Ameis has translated the whole phrase, not individual words.
καὶ λίην πάρος γε, bestätigend und zustimmend, ich frage ja auch sonst nicht.
Maybe Ameis has translated καί "ja" here, but you can't really give exact correspondences, because Ameis has translated the whole phrase, not individual words.
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Re: πάρος + present tense
I think so, yes.Bart wrote:isn't καὶ λίην a frequent combination meaning something like truly or verily or indeed?
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Re: πάρος + present tense
I think the present is used to make the tone more vivid and lively, sort of like the historical present.
That helps! Thanks for your answersMaybe it's easier to understand the present if you translate πάρος "until now" (at least mentally, to internalize the construction)