Apud and Inter

[elduce]

1) Could anyone explain when to use these two prepositions since they both mean 'among'?

2) As well: igatur, quare, itaque, ergo. These all mean, basically, 'therefore'. What is the best usage for each?

Thank you.

[benissimus]

1) Could anyone explain when to use these two prepositions since they both mean 'among'?

apud is more "in the company of ____", whereas inter is "between". Their meanings do overlap in many cases, as is the case with many Latin words. Their greatest distinction comes from the idiomatic usages, such as the use of apud to mean "at the house of ____", inter se "each other", etc.

2) As well: igatur, quare, itaque, ergo. These all mean, basically, 'therefore'. What is the best usage for each?

These can be considered synonyms, but the best way to understand them is probably to understand what they really are, since all are from familiar words.

igitur = agitur "it is led..."

quare = qua re "by which matter / in which case"

itaque = ita + -que "and so..."

ergo is probably related to erga "against"


Allen & Greenough's Latin grammar has a section devoted to these words used for logical progressions.